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Title: FLUXNET%20and%20Carbon%20Science:%20Get%20Ready%20for%20Carbon%20Markets%20and%20Biofuels


1
FLUXNET and Carbon ScienceGet Ready for Carbon
Markets and Biofuels
  • Steven W. Running
  • Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG)
  • University of Montana
  • Asilomar Fluxnet Meeting
  • February 11, 2008

2
Potential climate limits to plant growth derived
from long-term monthly statistics of minimum
temperature, cloud cover and rainfall.
Water 40, Temperature 33, Radiation 27
Nemani et al., Science June 6th 2003
3
Seasonal Growing Season Constraints
Russia, Boreal
Africa, Savannah
  • Jolly et al Global Change Biology 2005

4
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5
GPP Light X Conversion Efficiency GPP f
(PAR) x ?
Biome Properties Look-Up Table (?max )
6
MODIS GPP
7
NPP Annual GPP - Autotrophic Respiration NPP
? GPP (Rm Rg)
Biome Properties Look-Up Table
8
Mean NPP
9
Uncertainties in the MOD17 (GPP/NPP) Algorithm
1. Meteorological DAO IPAR, Temperature,
VPD 2. Radiometric MODIS FPAR and LAI 3.
Ecological MOD17 representation of plant
physiology (BPLUT) Accurate mapping of landcover
typeEach of these requires a different mode of
validation.
10
Annual Cloudcover Percentage for MODIS
11
Linear filling of unreliable FPAR/LAI(Amazon
Rain Forest)
  • Original GPP 2252 g C/m2y-1, NPP 871 g
    C/m2y-1
  • Improved GPP 2759 g C/m2y-1, NPP 914 g
    C/m2y-1

12
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14
Comparison of GPP from Terra-MODIS and AmeriFlux
Network Towers
Biome types used in comparison forests
(evergreen needleleaf, deciduous broadleaf, and
mixed species), oak savanna, grassland, tundra,
and chaparral.
15
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16
Global Daily Surface Meteorology vs Fluxtowers
across 9 biomes
From D.P.Turner et al. Remote Sensing of Env.
102282-292. 2006
17
MODIS ASCII Subsets
  • 277 sites worldwide (field sites or flux towers)
  • Two annual land products, six 8-day land
    products, one 16-day product, and calculated
    albedos from Collection 4
  • Select sites from pick list or Web Map Server
  • Developing Web-based data visualization tools

Product Name
Surface Reflectance 09A1
Surface Temperature 11A2
Land Cover 12Q1
NDVI / EVI 13A2
LAI / fPAR 15A2
GPP, PSN 17A2
Annual NPP 17A3
BRDF Albedo 43B1
NBAR 43B3
18
Uncertainties from Land Cover (MOD12Q1)
Duke Forest, NC Main Tower
V003
V004
2 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest (EBF)
9 Savannas
4 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (DBF)
10 Grasslands
5 Mixed Forest
13 Urban Built-Up
MODIS products are not calculated for this
pixel
8 Woody Savannas
19
MODIS GPP vs Tower GPP For 15 Ameriflux Sites
MODIS vs Field LAI
Heinsch et al. IEEE 44 1908-1925, 2006
20
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22
  • Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation

23
Comparison of annual latent heat flux (LE)
observations from 19 AmeriFlux sites and the ET
estimates averaged over the MODIS 3 ? 3 km
cutout. These data were created using (a)
tower-specific meteorology and (b) the global
GMAO meteorology.
24
Comparison of daily latent heat flux (LE)
measured (black dots) at a mid-latitude pine
forest in North Carolina, and a high-latitude
open shrub in Alaska, with ET derived from MODIS
satellite data with both site-specific (blue
lines) and GMAO (red lines) meteorology.
25
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26
-Biogeochemistry-Genetic bank-Water-Air
DYNAMIC GLOBAL LAND TRANSITIONS
LANDCOVER Biophysically controlled
LANDUSE Human control
Ecological Systems
Human Systems
HUMAN DECISION MAKING political/economic choices
  • -Institutions
  • Culture
  • Technology
  • Population
  • Economic
  • Ecosystem goods services
  • clean air/water
  • waste recycling
  • food/fibre/fuel
  • recreation
  • Ecological Problems
  • pollution
  • diseases
  • food/fibre/fuel shortages
  • overcrowding

Economic Problems -poverty -unequal
wealth -war -globalization
27
Comparison of Land Surface Temperatures from Aqua
MODIS Sahara Desert vs central African Tropical
Forest
Mildrexler, Zhou, Running. AGU Eos 87461, 2006
28
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29
GLOBAL Generalized Disturbance Index
Mildrexler et al 2006
Mildrexler et al 2006
30
Disturbance Impact on Land Biophysics
31
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32
Aqua MODIS Maximum Annual Land Surface
Temperature (2003-2005)
Mildrexler, Zhou, Running. AGU Eos 87461, 2006
33
Seasonal Light Use Efficiency
34
Dynamic recalibration of satellite GPP algorithm
with flux tower data
GPP f (PAR) x ?max
recompute monthly
35
  • Terrestrial Carbon Monitor

Change
State
LANDCOVER
SATELITE DATA
GROWING SEASON
PRIMARY PRODUCTION
GROUND DATA
36
The Architecture of GEOSS (Global Earth
Observation System of Systems)
Eliot Christian, FGDC/USGS
37
From GEOSS roadmap Sept 2008
38
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