Title: FLUXNET%20and%20Carbon%20Science:%20Get%20Ready%20for%20Carbon%20Markets%20and%20Biofuels
1FLUXNET and Carbon ScienceGet Ready for Carbon
Markets and Biofuels
- Steven W. Running
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG)
- University of Montana
- Asilomar Fluxnet Meeting
- February 11, 2008
2Potential climate limits to plant growth derived
from long-term monthly statistics of minimum
temperature, cloud cover and rainfall.
Water 40, Temperature 33, Radiation 27
Nemani et al., Science June 6th 2003
3Seasonal Growing Season Constraints
Russia, Boreal
Africa, Savannah
- Jolly et al Global Change Biology 2005
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5GPP Light X Conversion Efficiency GPP f
(PAR) x ?
Biome Properties Look-Up Table (?max )
6MODIS GPP
7NPP Annual GPP - Autotrophic Respiration NPP
? GPP (Rm Rg)
Biome Properties Look-Up Table
8Mean NPP
9Uncertainties in the MOD17 (GPP/NPP) Algorithm
1. Meteorological DAO IPAR, Temperature,
VPD 2. Radiometric MODIS FPAR and LAI 3.
Ecological MOD17 representation of plant
physiology (BPLUT) Accurate mapping of landcover
typeEach of these requires a different mode of
validation.
10Annual Cloudcover Percentage for MODIS
11Linear filling of unreliable FPAR/LAI(Amazon
Rain Forest)
- Original GPP 2252 g C/m2y-1, NPP 871 g
C/m2y-1 - Improved GPP 2759 g C/m2y-1, NPP 914 g
C/m2y-1
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14Comparison of GPP from Terra-MODIS and AmeriFlux
Network Towers
Biome types used in comparison forests
(evergreen needleleaf, deciduous broadleaf, and
mixed species), oak savanna, grassland, tundra,
and chaparral.
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16Global Daily Surface Meteorology vs Fluxtowers
across 9 biomes
From D.P.Turner et al. Remote Sensing of Env.
102282-292. 2006
17MODIS ASCII Subsets
- 277 sites worldwide (field sites or flux towers)
- Two annual land products, six 8-day land
products, one 16-day product, and calculated
albedos from Collection 4 - Select sites from pick list or Web Map Server
- Developing Web-based data visualization tools
Product Name
Surface Reflectance 09A1
Surface Temperature 11A2
Land Cover 12Q1
NDVI / EVI 13A2
LAI / fPAR 15A2
GPP, PSN 17A2
Annual NPP 17A3
BRDF Albedo 43B1
NBAR 43B3
18Uncertainties from Land Cover (MOD12Q1)
Duke Forest, NC Main Tower
V003
V004
2 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest (EBF)
9 Savannas
4 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (DBF)
10 Grasslands
5 Mixed Forest
13 Urban Built-Up
MODIS products are not calculated for this
pixel
8 Woody Savannas
19MODIS GPP vs Tower GPP For 15 Ameriflux Sites
MODIS vs Field LAI
Heinsch et al. IEEE 44 1908-1925, 2006
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22- Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation
23Comparison of annual latent heat flux (LE)
observations from 19 AmeriFlux sites and the ET
estimates averaged over the MODIS 3 ? 3 km
cutout. These data were created using (a)
tower-specific meteorology and (b) the global
GMAO meteorology.
24Comparison of daily latent heat flux (LE)
measured (black dots) at a mid-latitude pine
forest in North Carolina, and a high-latitude
open shrub in Alaska, with ET derived from MODIS
satellite data with both site-specific (blue
lines) and GMAO (red lines) meteorology.
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26-Biogeochemistry-Genetic bank-Water-Air
DYNAMIC GLOBAL LAND TRANSITIONS
LANDCOVER Biophysically controlled
LANDUSE Human control
Ecological Systems
Human Systems
HUMAN DECISION MAKING political/economic choices
- -Institutions
- Culture
- Technology
- Population
- Economic
- Ecosystem goods services
- clean air/water
- waste recycling
- food/fibre/fuel
- recreation
- Ecological Problems
- pollution
- diseases
- food/fibre/fuel shortages
- overcrowding
Economic Problems -poverty -unequal
wealth -war -globalization
27Comparison of Land Surface Temperatures from Aqua
MODIS Sahara Desert vs central African Tropical
Forest
Mildrexler, Zhou, Running. AGU Eos 87461, 2006
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29GLOBAL Generalized Disturbance Index
Mildrexler et al 2006
Mildrexler et al 2006
30Disturbance Impact on Land Biophysics
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32Aqua MODIS Maximum Annual Land Surface
Temperature (2003-2005)
Mildrexler, Zhou, Running. AGU Eos 87461, 2006
33Seasonal Light Use Efficiency
34Dynamic recalibration of satellite GPP algorithm
with flux tower data
GPP f (PAR) x ?max
recompute monthly
35- Terrestrial Carbon Monitor
Change
State
LANDCOVER
SATELITE DATA
GROWING SEASON
PRIMARY PRODUCTION
GROUND DATA
36The Architecture of GEOSS (Global Earth
Observation System of Systems)
Eliot Christian, FGDC/USGS
37From GEOSS roadmap Sept 2008
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