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Department of Defense Design Criteria Standard

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Title: Department of Defense Design Criteria Standard


1
Department of DefenseDesign Criteria Standard
  • Human Engineering
  • MIL-STD-1472F

2
Scope of the Military Standard
To establish general human engineering criteria
for design and development of military systems,
equipment and facilities.
3
The purpose of presenting human engineering
design criteria is to
  • Achieve required performance by operator, control
    and maintenance personnel.
  • Minimize skill and personnel requirements and
    training time.
  • Achieve required reliability of
    personnel-equipment combinations.
  • Foster design standardization within and among
    systems.

4
  • Human engineering development specialists will
    still be required to interpret and implement the
    criteria and they will also need to provide
    solutions to problems not covered in the Standard.

5
Application
  • The design of all systems, subsystems, equipment
    and facilities
  • Except where provisions relating to aircraft
    design conflict with crew system design
    requirements or guidelines of JSSG-2010.
  • The standard is NOT meant to limit the selection
    of hardware, materials or processes.
  • Standard applies to both men and women.

6
Force Limits
  • If an item is already in use and there is a
    discrepancy between the force limits of the
    standard and the physical qualifications
    requirements of the occupational specialty, the
    latter will have final say.
  • The least stringent physical qualification
    requirement of all specialtieswill be used as a
    maximum design force limit.

7
Manufacturing Tolerances
  • When manufacturing tolerances are not
    perceptible o the user, this standard will not be
    construed as preventing the use of components
    whose dimensions are within a normal
    manufacturing upper or lower limit tolerance of
    the dimensions specified herein.

8
Also considered part of the MIL-STD-1472F
  • Specifications
  • -Markings for Aircrew Station Displays, Design
    and Configuration of
  • (MIL-M-18012).
  • -Colors, aeronautical Lights and Lighting
    Equipment, general Specification for
  • (MIL-C-25050).
  • Standards
  • -Colors (FED-STD-595).
  • -Noise Limits (MIL-STD-1474)
  • Handbooks
  • -General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment
    (MIL-HDBK-454).
  • -Anthropometry of US Military Personnel
    (DOD-HDBK-743).
  • -Human Factors Engineering Design for Army
    Material (MIL-HDBK-759).
  • -Color and Marking of Army Material
    (MIL-HDBK-1473
  • -Definitions of Human Factors Terms
    (MIL-HDBK-1908).

9
More government documents that considered part of
the MIL-STD-1472F
  • -Occupational Safety and Health Schedule (29 CFR
    1910)
  • -DoD Joint Technical Architecture (JTA 2.0)

Non-government agencies for documents
-American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH). -American National Standards
Institute ANSI). -American Society for Testing
and Materials (ASTM). -Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society (HFES) -Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE). -International Organization for
standardization (ISO). -Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE).
10
Definitions
  • Unless otherwise specified, terms are defined in
    accordance with MIL-HDBK-1908.

11
General Requirements
  • Objectives
  • Standardization
  • Function allocation
  • Human Engineering Design
  • Fail Safe Design
  • Simplicity of design
  • Interaction
  • Safety
  • Ruggedness

12
General Requirements, continued
  • Design for NBC Survivability.
  • Design for Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Hardening.
  • Automation
  • Functional Use of Color
  • Design of Aircrew Systems

13
Detailed Requirements
  • 5.1 Control/Display integration
  • 5.2 Visual Displays
  • 5.3 Audio Displays
  • 5.4 Controls
  • 5.5 Labeling
  • 5.6 Physical Accommodation
  • 5.7 Workspace design
  • 5.8 Environment

14
Detailed Requirements, continued
  • 5.9 Design for Maintainer
  • 5.10 Design of Equipment for Remote Handling
  • 5.11 Small Systems and Equipment
  • 5.12 Operational and Maintenance
  • Ground/Shipboard vehicles.
  • 5.13 Hazards and Safety
  • 5.14 User Computer Interface
  • 5.15 Visual Display Terminals

15
5.1 Control/Display Integration
  • General Criteria
  • Relationship
  • Design
  • Complexity and precision
  • Feedback
  • Illumination
  • Position relationships
  • Functional Grouping
  • Functional Group Relationships
  • Sequence
  • Access
  • Functional Group marking
  • Consistency
  • Display Commonality

16
  • Position relationships (continued)
  • Location and Arrangement
  • Arrangement within Groups
  • Left to Right Arrangement
  • Vertical and Horizontal Arrays
  • Simultaneous Use
  • Multiple Displays
  • Combined Control
  • Separated Controls and Displays
  • Component Groups
  • Emergency Use
  • Correspondence with Equipment Arrangement

17
  • Movement Relationships
  • Lack of Ambiguity
  • Display Response Time
  • Moving-Pointer Circular Scales
  • Moving-Pointer Linear Scales
  • Fixed Pointer Circular Scales
  • Fixed-Pointer Linear Scales
  • Digital Displays
  • Direct Linkage
  • Common Plane
  • Parallel Movement
  • Labeling
  • Movement Direction
  • Arrays of Indicator Lights

18
Control/Display Movement Ratio
  • Minimization of Time
  • Range of Display Movement
  • Knob, Course Setting
  • Bracketing
  • Lever, Course Setting
  • Lever, Two-Dimensional Setting
  • Counter Control/Display Ratio
  • Visual Display Terminals
  • Signal Precedence
  • Each of the following signals shall take
    precedence over those below them
  • Emergency Action
  • Critical Warning
  • Warning
  • Caution
  • Informational Signal

19
5.2 Visual Displays
  • General
  • Warning Caution
  • Use
  • Characteristics
  • Signal Integration
  • Priority Coding
  • Text Height
  • Co-Location
  • Additional Warnings

20
5.2 Visual Displays
  • General continued
  • Display illumination and light distribution
  • Display Illumination
  • Light Distribution
  • Contrast
  • Information
  • Content
  • Precision
  • Format
  • Redundancy
  • Combining Operator/Maintainer Information
  • Display Failure Accuracy
  • Display Subsystem Failure
  • Unrelated Markings
  • Duration
  • Timeliness
  • Advisory and Alerting
  • NBC Contamination
  • Numeric Digital Displays
  • Units

21
5.2 Visual Displays
  • General continued
  • Location and Arrangement
  • Location
  • Access
  • Orientation
  • Reflection
  • Vibration
  • Grouping
  • Function and Sequence
  • Frequency of Use
  • Importance
  • Consistency
  • Maximum Viewing Distance
  • Minimum Viewing Distance
  • Maintenance displays
  • Aircrew Station Signals

22
5.2 Visual Displays
  • General continued
  • Coding
  • Objectives
  • Techniques
  • Standardization
  • Aircrew Display Symbology
  • Flash Coding
  • Color Coding
  • Electronic Displays
  • Viewing Distance
  • Luminance Considerations
  • Geometric Stability
  • Character/Signal Characteristics
  • Mechanical Display Representations
  • Use with Individual Protective Equipment

23
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Transilluminated Displays
  • General
  • Use
  • Equipment Response
  • Information
  • Positive Feedback
  • Grouping
  • Location
  • Location, Critical Functions
  • Luminance
  • Luminance Control
  • False Indication or Obscuration
  • Contrast within the Indicator
  • Transilluminated Displays
  • Color Coding

24
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Transilluminated Displays
  • Legend Lights
  • Use
  • Color Coding
  • Positive vs. Negative Legend
  • Lettering
  • Visibility and Legibility
  • Multifunction Legends
  • Simple Indicator Lights
  • Use
  • Spacing
  • Coding
  • Transilluminate Panel Assemblies
  • Use
  • Large, Single Pictorial Graphic Panels
  • Relamping
  • Brightness

25
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Scale Indicators
  • General
  • Types of Scale Indicators
  • Use
  • Type of Information
  • Linear Scales
  • Scale Markings
  • Numerals
  • Pointer
  • Luminance Contrast
  • Calibration Information
  • Coding

26
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Scale Indicators (continued)
  • Moving-Pointer, Fixed Scale Displays
  • Numerical Progression
  • Orientation
  • Circular Scales
  • Curved (arc), Horizontal Straight, and Vertical
    Straight
  • Fixed-Pointer, Moving Scale Displays
  • Numerical Progression
  • Orientation
  • Alignment of Pointer or Fixed Reference Line
  • Setting
  • Tracking
  • Moving Tape Displays
  • Composite Scalar/Pictorial Displays

27
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Displays
  • Use
  • Luminance and Contrast
  • Luminance
  • Contrast
  • Luminance range of Adjacent Surfaces
  • Ambient Luminance
  • Image polarity
  • Geometric Distortion
  • Chromatic Misregistration
  • Preventing Flicker
  • Installation

28
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Large Screen Displays
  • General
  • Use
  • Avoidance
  • Viewing Distance
  • Physical Interruption of View
  • Control of Displayed Information
  • Content of Displayed Information
  • Direct View
  • Character Height
  • Character Width
  • Luminance Contrast
  • Polarity
  • Background for Colored Objects
  • Dot Matrix Size

29
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Large Screen Displays (continued)
  • Optical Projection
  • Use
  • Seating Area
  • Image Luminance and Light Distribution
  • Legibility of Projected Data

30
5.2 Visual Displays
  • Other Displays
  • General
  • Counters
  • Printers
  • Plotters and Recorders
  • Flags
  • Dot Matrix /Segmented Displays
  • Electroluminescent Displays
  • Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
  • Representational Displays
  • Stereoscopic Displays
  • Head Up Displays (HUDs)
  • Helmet Mounted Displays

31
5.3 Audio Displays
  • General
  • Use
  • Signal Type
  • Signal Meaning
  • Apparent Urgency
  • Use with Several Visual Displays
  • Speech supplements
  • Silent Operators at night
  • Manual Overrides
  • Reliability
  • Aircrew Stations

32
5.3 Audio Displays
  • Audio Warnings
  • Warning Signals
  • Nature of Signals
  • Caution Signals
  • Relation to Visual Displays
  • Characteristics of Audio Warning Signals
  • Frequency
  • Range
  • Electric Power Frequency Avoidance
  • Intensity
  • Compatibility with Acoustical Environment
  • Compatibility with Clothing and Equipment
  • Discomfort

33
5.3 Audio Displays
  • Signal Characteristics in Relation to Operational
    Conditions and Objectives
  • Audibility
  • Alerting capability
  • Discriminability
  • Compatibility
  • Masking
  • Verbal Warning Signals
  • Nature of Signals
  • Intensity
  • Vocal Criteria
  • Speech processing
  • Message Content
  • Critical Warnings and Priorities

34
5.3 Audio Displays
  • Controls for Audio Warning Devices
  • Automatic or Manual Shut-off
  • Automatic Reset
  • Redundant Visual Warning
  • Volume Control
  • Duration
  • Duration Limitations
  • Speech Transmission Equipment
  • Frequency
  • Dynamic Range
  • High-Pass Filtering
  • Pre-Emphasis
  • Peak-Clipping of Speech Signals
  • Noise Shields
  • Automatic Loudness Control
  • Binaural Asynchronous Delay
  • Speaker/Side Tone

35
5.3 Audio Displays
  • Speech Reception Equipment
  • Frequency Range
  • Loudspeakers for Multi-Channel Monitoring
  • Use of De-emphasis
  • Headsets
  • Earphone/Speaker-to-Microphone Feedback Isolation
  • Public Address Systems
  • Operator Comfort and Convenience
  • Comfort
  • Hands-Free Operation
  • Accessibility of Handsets
  • Operating Controls for Communication Equipment
  • Volume Controls
  • Squelch Control
  • Foot-Operated Controls

36
5.3 Audio Displays
  • Telephone Systems
  • Conventional Telephone Systems
  • Sound-Powered Telephones
  • 3D Audio Displays
  • Use
  • Presentation Format
  • Angular Separation
  • Binaural vs. Monaural
  • Speech Displays
  • Use
  • Output Rate
  • Digitized Speech
  • Message Priority Control
  • Instructional Display Structure
  • Message Cancel Capability
  • Repeat Capability

37
5.3 Audio Displays
  • Speech Intelligibility
  • General
  • Criteria

38
5.4 Controls
  • General Criteria
  • Selection
  • Direction of Movement
  • Arrangement and Grouping
  • Coding
  • Labeling of Controls
  • Compatibility with Handwear
  • Blind Operation
  • Prevention of Accidental Actuation
  • Hazardous Operations

39
5.4 Controls
  • Rotary Controls
  • Discrete Adjustment Rotary Controls
  • Rotary Selector Switches
  • Key Operated Switches
  • Discrete Thumbwheel Controls
  • Continuous Adjustment Rotary Controls
  • Knobs
  • Ganged Control Knobs
  • Continuous Adjustment Thumbwheel Controls
  • Cranks
  • Handwheels (two-hand operated)

40
5.4 Controls
  • Linear Controls
  • Discrete Linear Controls
  • Push Buttons (finger or hand operated)
  • Foot-Operated Switches
  • Keyboards
  • Toggle Switch Controls
  • Legend Switches
  • Rocker Switches
  • Slide Switch Controls
  • Discrete Push-Pull Controls
  • Printed Circuit (PC) Controls

41
5.4 Controls
  • Linear Controls (continued)
  • Continuous Adjustment Linear Controls
  • Levers
  • Displacement (Isotonic) Joysticks
  • Isometric Joystick (two axis controllers)
  • Ball Control
  • Grid-and Stylus-Devices
  • Mouse (free-moving XY controller)
  • Pucks
  • Pedals

42
5.4 Controls
  • High Force Controls
  • Use
  • Arm, Hand, and Thumb-Finger Controls
  • Foot Controls
  • Miniature Controls
  • Use
  • Dimensions, Resistance, Displacement and
    Separation
  • Other Requirements

43
5.4 Controls
  • Touch-Screen Controls for Displays
  • Use
  • Luminance Transmission
  • Positive Indication
  • System Display Response Time (Latency)
  • Impact on Visual Display
  • Critical Tasks
  • Repeat Delay
  • Target Shape and Color

44
5.4 Controls
  • Speech Recognition
  • Use
  • General
  • Input Vocabulary
  • Interword Delays
  • Prompting
  • Correction Capability
  • Alternative Input Device

45
5.4 Controls
  • Eye- and Head-Based Controls
  • Use
  • Vibration
  • Precision
  • Dwell Times
  • Response Times
  • J-Handles
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