BREEDS OF CATTLE

1
BREEDS OF CATTLE
2
British Breeds
3

• Breed Angus
• Origin Scotland (1873s)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color Solid Black
• Size Medium
• Comments Known for calving ease and maternal
  traits. CAB developed by Angus Association.

4
Angus
64
5

• Breed Red Angus
• Origin Scotland (1873s)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color Solid Red
• Size Medium
• Comments In 1917, the American Angus herdbook
  banned Red Angus from the registry

6
Red Angus
160
7

• Breed Hereford
• Origin Hereford, England (1817, Henry Clay)
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Red to yellowish-red body, white
  underline, head, switch
• Size Medium
• Comments Generally low milking ability, high
  durability, early maturity. Ideal cross with
  Angus

8

• Breed Polled Hereford
• Origin Iowa (1901)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color Red to yellowish-red body, white
  underline, head, switch
• Size Medium
• Generally low milking ability, high durability,
  early maturity. Ideal cross with Angus

9
Hereford
-50
10

• Breed Shorthorn
• Origin England (1783)
• Polled/Horned Polled or Horned
• Color Red, white, red and white or roan
• Size Medium
• Comments Good maternal traits. Often used as
  crosses on Bos Indicus and continental cattle.

11
Breed Comparisons - Shorthorn

• Growth Rate XXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XX
• Age at Puberty XXX
• Milk Production XXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

12
Shorthorn
3
13
Continental Breeds

• Major Breeds

14

• Breed Charolais
• Origin France ( late 1960s)
• Polled/Horned Horned, polled strains bred
• Color White, golden wheat or straw color
• Size Large
• Comments Good muscling, growth and feed
  efficiency. Good terminal sire.

15
Breed Comparisons - Charolais

• Growth Rate XXXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXXX
• Age at Puberty XXXX
• Milk Production X
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

16
Charolais
-4
17

• Breed Limousin
• Origin France (1968)
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Dark golden red to black
• Size Medium
• Comments Excellent muscling and cutability.
  Calving difficulty is a concern.

18
Breed Comparisons - Limousin

• Growth Rate XXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXXX
• Age at Puberty XXXX
• Milk Production X
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

19
Limousin
-32
20

• Breed Gelbvieh
• Origin Germany (1972)
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Golden red to rust and black
• Size Medium
• Comments Good maternal traits, heavy milking
  ability. Fast growing. Can breed up with
  foundation females.

21
Breed Comparisons - Gelbvieh

• Growth Rate XXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXX
• Age at Puberty XX
• Milk Production XXXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

22
Gelbvieh
-16
23

• Breed Simmental
• Origin Switzerland (1967)
• Polled/Horned Horned/Polled
• Color Yellowish brown to red, black, black
  white
• Size Large
• Comments Will improve size, growth, milking
  ability.

Traditional Red/white
New Black Type
Typical Simmental Blaze
24
Breed Comparisons - Simmental

• Growth Rate XXXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXX
• Age at Puberty XXX
• Milk Production XXXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

25
Simmental
-46
26
Continental Breeds

• Minor Breeds

27

• Breed Maine-Anjou
• Origin France
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Dark red with white markings, black, black
  with white markings
• Size Large
• Comments Good muscling and growth, milking
  ability and early puberty. Good terminal sire.

28
Breed Comparisons - Maine Anjou

• Growth Rate XXXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXX
• Age at Puberty XXX
• Milk Production XXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

29
Maine-Anjou
111
30

• Breed Braunvieh
• Origin Switzerland (1983)
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Light brown to dark brown
• Size Medium
• Comments Good maternal traits. Excellent
  carcass quality

31
Breed Comparisons - Braunvieh

• Growth Rate XXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXX
• Age at Puberty XX
• Milk Production XXXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

32

• Breed Chianina
• Origin Italy (1971)
• Polled/Horned Horned, polled strains bred
• Color White to steel gray, black pigment
• Size Largest breed
• Comments Good muscling, growth and feed
  efficiency. Good terminal sire.

33
Breed Comparisons - Chianina

• Growth Rate XXXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXXX
• Age at Puberty XXXX
• Milk Production X
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

34
Chianina
-22
35

• Breed Salers
• Origin France (1972)
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Mahogany, red, black
• Size Medium
• Comments Carcass quality, calving ease,
  Disposition problems?

36
Breed Comparisons - Salers

• Growth Rate XXXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXX
• Age at Puberty XXX
• Milk Production XXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

37
Salers
-57
38

• Breed Pinzgauer
• Origin Austria
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Chestnut red with white on the back, tail
  and barrel
• Size Medium
• Comments Thick muscling.

39
Breed Comparisons - Pinzgauer

• Growth Rate XXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXX
• Age at Puberty XX
• Milk Production XXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

40

• Breed Romagnola
• Origin Italy (1970)
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color White with Dark pigmentation around
  eyes,ears,muzzle
• Size Medium
• Original Type Draft
• Comments Known for earlier maturity than other
  draft breeds, fertility and maternal traits. Good
  Carcass quality.

41
Composite Breeds
42

• Breed Amerifax
• Origin US (1970s)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color Solid Red or Black
• Size Medium
• Comments
• 5/8 Angus x 3/8 Beef Friesian
• Maternal, High Fertility, Longevity

43

• Breed Chiangus
• Origin US (1971)
• Polled/Horned Polled, scurs possible
• Color Black or brown hair color
• Size Large
• Comments 5/8 Angus, 3/8 Chianina, Used a
  composite, improved feed efficiency and Carcass
  yield

44

• Breed Hays Converter
• Origin Canada
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Black with white faces, underlines and
  feet
• Size Medium
• Comments Produces superior performance cattle.
  Composite breed developed from Hereford, Holstein
  and Brown Swiss bloodlines.

45
Angus Half Blood Composites

• Gelbvieh Balancer
• LimPlus
• SimAngus

46
Specialty Composites

• Stabilizer
• 50 British
• 50 Continental
• Rangemaker
• 75 British
• 25 Continental

47
Double Muscle Breeds
48

• Breed Belgian Blue
• Origin Belgium
• Polled/Horned ?
• Color White, blue roan or sometimes black
• Size Medium to Large
• Comments Double-muscled, calving difficulties
  are evident. Used successfully as a terminal
  sire.

49

• Breed Piedmontese
• Origin Italy
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Dark red and white with color patches
• Size Medium
• Comments Lean and Tender beef, High percentage
  lean yield and cutout, Low in cholesterol and
  fat. Hard calving and bad temperment.

50
Breed Comparisons - Piedmontese

• Growth Rate XXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXXXX
• Age at Puberty XX
• Milk Production XX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

51
Bos Indicus Breeds
52

• Breed Brahman
• Origin India (1849)
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Light gray, red, black. Black pigmented
  skin.
• Size Medium
• Comments
• Heat and insect tolerant. Loose skin, droopy
  ears, hump, pendulous sheath.

53
Breed Comparisons - Brahman

• Growth Rate XXXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXX
• Age at Puberty XXXXX
• Milk Production XXX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

54
Brahman
37
55

• Breed Santa Gertrudis
• Origin King Ranch, Texas (1910)
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Red
• Size Medium
• Comments Composite breed. 5/8 Brahman, 3/8
  Shorthorn.

56
Breed Comparisons - Santa Gertrudis

• Growth Rate XXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XX
• Age at Puberty XXXX
• Milk Production XX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

57
Santa Gertrudis
-35
58
(No Transcript)
59

• Breed Beefmaster
• Origin Texas (1908)
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Red
• Size Medium
• Comments
• 1/2 Brahman
• 1/4 Shorthorn
• 1/4 Hereford
• Known for fertility, milk production, hardiness.

60
Beefmaster
-31
61

• Breed Brangus
• Origin Oklahoma (1940s)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color Black
• Size Medium
• Comments
• 3/8 Brahman
• 5/8 Angus
• Known for fertility, milk production, heat and
  insect tolerance.

62
Breed Comparisons - Brangus

• Growth Rate XXX
• Lean to fat Ratio XX
• Age at Puberty XXXX
• Milk Production XX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

63
Brangus
-16
64

• Breed Red Brangus
• Origin Texas (1940s)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color Red
• Size Medium
• Comments
• 3/8 Brahman x 5/8 Red Angus
• 1/2 Brahman x 1/2 Red Angus
• 5/8 Brahman x 3/8 Red Angus
• Known for fertility, milk production, heat and
  insect tolerance.

65

• Breed Barzona
• Origin Arizona (1940s)
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Red
• Size Medium
• Comments Composite breed. Africander,
  Herefords, Santa Gertrudis, Angus
• Known for fertility, milk production, heat and
  insect tolerance.

66

• Breed Simbrah
• Origin US (1970s)
• Polled/Horned Horned, some Polled strains
• Color Various
• Size Medium
• Comments Combines heat tolerance of Brahman and
  muscling and frame of Simmental.
• 5/8 Simmental x 3/8 Brahman

67
Breeds of Limited Impact

• U.S. Beef industry

68

• Breed Blonde dAquitaine
• Origin France (1972)
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Fawn, Yellow-brown, wheat color
• Size Large
• Comments Good muscling, growth and feed
  efficiency. Good terminal sire. Best Slogan.

69

• Breed Galloway
• Origin Scotland (1866)
• Polled/Horned Polled, scurs possible
• Color Black, Dun, Red White curly hair
• Size Small ? medium
• Comments Hardy, cold environment. Good maternal
  traits, early maturing

70

• Breed Belted Galloway

71
Breed Comparisons - Galloway

• Growth Rate XX
• Lean to fat Ratio XXX
• Age at Puberty XXX
• Milk Production XX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

72

• Breed Murray Grey
• Origin Australia (1969 semen, 1972 cattle)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color Silver to dark grey with dark pigmentation
• Size Small
• Comments Maternal breed. Low birth weights.
  Docile

73

• Breed Normande
• Origin France
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Dark red and white with color patches
• Size Medium
• Comments Maternal breed. Low birth weights.

74

• Breed Scotch Highland
• Origin Scotland (early 1900s)
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Black, red, brindle, yellow, dun or silver
• Size Small
• Comments Good maternal traits, good cold weather
  hardiness

75

• Breed Texas Longhorn
• Origin Texas
• Polled/Horned Horned (surprise, surprise)
• Color Variety, some brindle
• Size Medium
• Comments Hardy, adaptability. Light
  birthweights. Not fast growing.

76
Breed Comparisons - Texas Longhorn

• Growth Rate X
• Lean to fat Ratio XXX
• Age at Puberty XXX
• Milk Production XX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

77
Texas Longhorn
-48
78

• Breed Watusi
• Origin Africa
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Red, black, white, gray, brown, yellow
• Size Medium
• Comments Nice horns. Heat and disease
  resistant. Used for milk production in Africa

79

• Breed South Devon
• Origin England (1969)
• Polled/Horned Horned
• Color Medium red
• Size Large
• Comments Maternal production, good disposition

80
Breed Comparisons - Devon

• Growth Rate XX
• Lean to fat Ratio XX
• Age at Puberty XXX
• Milk Production XX
• Increasing number of Xs indicate relatively
  higher values
• MARC, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE

81

• Breed British White
• Origin England (1988)
• Polled/Horned Polled
• Color White with black points
• Size Small/ Medium
• Comments Maternal production, good disposition,
  carcass quality. (White Park are horned)