Title: EARTH CORE WALL ULTRA EFFICIENT ENVELOP TOWARD A NET ZERO HOUSE
1EARTH CORE WALLULTRA EFFICIENT ENVELOP TOWARD
A NET ZERO HOUSE
- DEFINITIONS
- NEW DESIGN RULES
- GOOD ENGINEERING
- RAISING THE CERTIFICATION BAR
- EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
- Presented by Robert P. Lefevre
- Kingston, New Hampshire 03848
- 603-642-9535
2NEW WALL ENVELOP DESIGN CONCEPTEARTH CORE WALL
- The design elements presented are location
specific to the North Eastern United States.
However, all or part of the basic design concept
can be applied to nearly any location with
modifications to account for climate and
latitude. Its important to state that no one
technology or solution will solve our energy
needs, but a mix of many different technologies
may be necessary. - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
3FIRST DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- Passive
- Active Solar
- Geothermal
- PV
- Wind
- Location on the Earths surface
- Determine the energy mix
- Insolation per square meter
- Potential max BTU available from solar per year
- Need to build house for highest possible energy
efficiency rather than building to existing
standard Raising the Bar. - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
4ENVELOP REQUIREMENT
- CONSIDERATIONS
- High Thermal Mass to moderate outside
temperatures - Insulate both sides of the Mass
- Effective wall R gt 65
- Effective roof R gt 68
- High wind strength
- Earth Quake resistant
- Super tight enclosure Envelop Air Exchange
- Quiet
- Pest and varmint proof
- Use available construction materials when
possible - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
5TYPES OF ENCLOSURE
- POSSIBILITIES
- SIP structural Insulated panels
- Concrete blocks or various types of concrete
walls - ICF Insulated concrete
- Adobe
- Wood framed with fiber glass insulation ,foam,
etc. - Straw bail
- Earth wall structure cave like earth house
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
6SIMULATE AN EARTH HOUSE ABOVE GROUNDEARTH CORE
WALL
- LETS USE AVAILABLE MATERIALS WHEN POSSIBLE SUCH
AS - INSULATED CONCRETE FORM ICF
- It has Thermal Mass
- It has some insulation on both sides
- We can add additional insulation on the inside
- Can anchor the concrete mass to the earth
- Its structurally sound
- Fits our general requirements
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
7INSULATED CONCRETE FORMIMPROVEMENT
- INPROVING ON THE ICF WALLS
- Anchor the ICF walls concrete core to the earth
to moderate outside temperature. - Earth temperature lags the outside temperature by
at least 3 months. - Add more insulation and add a radiant barrier to
the inside Insulated Radiant Barrier. - Produces an EARTH CORE WALL.
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
8MISLEADING PARAMETERR VALUE
- What does R-Value mean?
- Its performance is not well understood.
- How is it measured?
- Its measured in a Hot Box at 75 deg F at 50
humidity with no air movement. - But thats not real the world and we need to
factor in temperature variations, moisture, air
movement, wind etc.. - Documentation shows that an increase of 1.5
moisture to fiber glass insulation decreases its
insulating performance by 36. - Also R-Value decreases by as much as 50 as the
temperature drops from 45 deg F to 18 deg F or
thats like an R19 decreasing to an R9.5 on a
typical winter day. - We need a new test protocol to better evaluate
different insulating materials to real world
conditions. - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
9INSULATORS MAGINALIZED BY THIS TESTING METHOD
- Insulators not recognized 0 R-Value
- Thermos Bottles
- Survival Blankets
- NASA Space Suits
- Low E-glass
- P-2000 or equivalent
- We need to show R-Value performance under real
world conditions - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
10OTHER ENVELOP CONSIDERATIONS
- Windows triple glaze or better with heat
mirror. - Special attention to East/West windows to
minimize heat gain during summer months. - Minimize glass area on the North side.
- South side glass depends on the energy mix.
- Roof construction
- SIP
- Wood with polyurethane spray foam
- Radiant Barrier
- Thermally break the rafters
- Wrapped EPS polyurethane with radiant barrier
- Radiant barrier on the roofs outside
- R. Philips technologies, Inc.
11CONVERTING THE HEAT FLOW EQUATION DELTA T
VARIABLE TO A SMALL CONSTANT
- With any form of wall construction, the Delta
T in the heat flow equation can be a large
variable, depending on the outside ambient
temperature swings. The new Earth Core Wall
design concept effectively renders this Delta T
to a small nearly constant value. The envelops
heat loss now becomes small and essentially a
constant. The smaller predictable Delta T
results in a significantly more efficient envelop
now capable of 100 solar passive/active space
heating in many location or requiring only a
fraction of the energy that would otherwise have
been required. Windows and roof construction are
the other areas that can be effectively addressed
to minimize heat loss. - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
12ENVELOP HEAT LOSSCALCULATION
- Use computer software
- Simple hand calculation
- Total wall, window and roof area A
- Heat Flow Rate (BTU/hr) A (Thigh
Tlow)/ R - OR Watts BTU/hr/3.4
- R R (equivalent)
- A ft2
- T Degrees F
- Thigh Ambient Temperature
- IMPORTANT 1) Heat Flow increases as delta T
increases - 2) Need to keep the delta T
small in any envelop to
reduce the energy requirements - 3) Use Effective R value for walls,
windows, roof, etc. - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
13ENVELOP HEAT LOSS CONSIDERATIONS
- Use EFFECTIVE R-Values only
- Calculate and sum the total area
- Walls
- Windows a potential weak point
- Roof
- Inside target temperature of 68 deg F
- Delta Thigh now becomes Twall (NOTE Degree
Day is no longer relevant because Twall is now
a constant) -
- H (BTU/hr) A (Twall TInside) / R
(effective) - Earth wall Twall 52-55 deg F
(North East) - NOTE Use earth temperature at your
location - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
14SOLAR ACTIVE SPACE HEATING WITH DHW COLLECTOR
SIZING
- DATA REQUIRED Total yearly Btu required per year
for DHW and Space Heating - Yearly BTU production for space Heating and
Domestic hot water - Need DHW tank delta T or (Thigh Tlow)
- Need total envelop heat loss per year
- Total energy requirement DWH and Envelop in BTU
- Need to calculate the energy produced by a solar
collector per Tube or Flat Plate - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
15DHW COLLECTOR SIZING EXAMPLE
- EXAMPLE
- 4 person household, 80 gal water / day _at_ 120 deg
F, summer cold water inlet - Tinlet 65 deg F and average summer insolation
level of 1,000 Btu/ft2/day - Accepted national standard is 20
gal of water/person/day - Determine temperature rise (delta T)
- Delta T 120 65 55 deg F
Temperature Rise - Determine energy requirements (water tank volume
in gallons) - 80 gallon 667.2 lb (1 gal 8.34 lb
of water - 667.2 lb 55 deg F 36,696 Btu/day (1 Btu
raises 1lb of Water 1 deg F) - Determine solar collector output / tube
- 1,000 0.70 conversion 700 Btu/ft2/day
of collector absorber - 700 Btu/ft2/day 0.86 ft2 area/tube 602
Btu/tube/day - Determine tube or flat plates requirements
16SEASONAL STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS
- Determine total envelop heat loss (Btu/day) worst
case day - Stored heat produced in the in the warm summer
when energy production is available for use
during the winter months. Note By sizing the
DHW evacuated tube solar collector, any
additional heat produced can be used to
periodically re-charge the Seasonal Stored tank
in the summer and winter months a plus benefit! - Stored Btu (required) Total heat loss/day
estimate heating days - Calculate the seasonal storage tank volume of
water - Q (Btu) V p cp delta
T -
- continues on the next
slide - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
17SEASONAL STORAGE WATER VOLUME REQUIRED
-
-
Q (Btu) V p cp
delta T - V gal (water)
- p density of water (62 lbm/ft3
- cp specific heat of water
(1Btu/lbm-deg F) - delta T temperate rise say (140 70) 70
deg F - rearranging the above formula to obtain the
volume of water required - V (gal water) Q /p cp
delta T - conversion factor 1 Gal 0,1335 ft3
(tank size)
18COLLECTOR SIZING SUMMARY FOR DWH / SPACE HEATING
- Calculate total envelop heat loss in Btu/year
walls, windows, etc. - DHW total Btu requirement per year.
- With the total yearly energy required per year -
calculate the Seasonal Storage tank size
required. - From the total yearly energy required calculate
the total Tubes/Flat Plate Tubes (DHW)
Tubes (space heating). -
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
19EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE BUILD IN 2000 WITH THE
FOLLOWING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
- 85 Passive and 15 Active Design
- ICF walls thermally anchored to the earth with
additional foam and radiant barrier to the inside
wall forming the Earth Core Wall - High
Thermal Mass walls and floors. - Seasonal Storage - 5000 gallon with Maximum
design operating Temperature of 148 Deg F. Tank
volume will vary depending on the design
requirements. - Tank and Mass designed to depletes its stored
heat in the spring and reverses flow for passive
summer cooling. - 85 Passive Design to collect and stores winter
heat requirements. - 15 Active - Sunda Solar Evacuated Hot Water
collectors provide in excess of 100 of the DHW
requirements and the additional heat for Seasonal
Storage Tank recharge necessary to compensate for
variations in winter seasonal variations. - Poured concrete tank has a ultra low stand-by
heat loss 1 Deg F / 28 days - Tank insulated on all sides constructed from
rigid foam, radiant barriers and polyurethane
sprayed outer foam sealing layer. - CONTINUED ON THE NEXT SLIDE
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
20EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE CONSTUCTED IN THE YEAR
2000 - DESIGN REQUIREMENTS CONTINUATION OF SLIDE
19
- Solarium floor pex tubing transfers the Passive
Floor heat gain to the Seasonal Storage tank. - Solar Evacuated Tube collector recharges the
Seasonal Storage tank when DHW needs are
satisfied. - House hydronic floor heat supplied by Seasonal
Storage Tank. - DC magnetic pumps power supplied by PV only.
- House design to maintain an inside target
temperature of 68 Deg F plus/minus 4 Deg F over
the year. - Heat Recovery Ventilator used for air exchanges,
filter and controlled Relative Humidity during
the winter months. - Moisture control within the envelop during the
humid summer months is accomplished by well water
flowing through a liquid-air exchanger at the
inlet air side of the HRV. A flow switch on the
well water line actives the HRV when water is
utilized effectively de-humidifying the air
within the enclosure. This liquid-air core is
also used by the HRV in the re-circulate mode. - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
21EARTH CORE WALL CONSTRUCTION CROSS SECTIONAL
VIEW
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
22SEASONAL STORAGE TANK CONSTRUCTION CROSS SECTION
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
23ROOF CONSTRUCTION CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
24 EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE - COMPLETED IN 2000NO
FURNANCE, NO BOILER AND NO BACKUPKingston, NH
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
25Earth Core WallSOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS SCHEMATIC
LAYOUT
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
26SIMPLE SYSTEM CONTROLLER
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
27CONCLUSION
- Earth Core Wall concept with Seasonal Storage
works The first house was build in 2000 without
Furnace, Boiler or Backup. - Inside envelop design temperature of 68 degrees F
plus/minus 4 degree has been achieved. - 85 Passive and 15 Active. The 15 Active
- design component with Seasonal Storage
effectively compensates for seasonal variations. - Implementing all or part of this design concept
can eliminate or help reduce our dependency of
fossil fuel. - R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
28HOUSES BUILD USING THIS MEW CONCEPT
- The following slides are examples of houses
build using all or part of the Earth Core Wall
and Seasonal Storage.
- R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
29SPACE HEATING / DHW WITH BACKUPWilmington, MA
30SPACE HEATING / DHW WITH BACKUPWhite Haven, PA
31SOLAR FOR SUN ROOM SPACE HEATINGKingston, NH
32SPACE HEATING / DHWNO BACKUPFranklin, NH
33SPACE HEATING / DHW NO BACKUPBurlington, VT