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EARTH CORE WALL ULTRA EFFICIENT ENVELOP TOWARD A NET ZERO HOUSE

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Title: EARTH CORE WALL ULTRA EFFICIENT ENVELOP TOWARD A NET ZERO HOUSE


1
EARTH CORE WALLULTRA EFFICIENT ENVELOP TOWARD
A NET ZERO HOUSE
  • DEFINITIONS
  • NEW DESIGN RULES
  • GOOD ENGINEERING
  • RAISING THE CERTIFICATION BAR
  • EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.
  • Presented by Robert P. Lefevre
  • Kingston, New Hampshire 03848
  • 603-642-9535

2
NEW WALL ENVELOP DESIGN CONCEPTEARTH CORE WALL
  • The design elements presented are location
    specific to the North Eastern United States.
    However, all or part of the basic design concept
    can be applied to nearly any location with
    modifications to account for climate and
    latitude. Its important to state that no one
    technology or solution will solve our energy
    needs, but a mix of many different technologies
    may be necessary.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

3
FIRST DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
  • Passive
  • Active Solar
  • Geothermal
  • PV
  • Wind
  • Location on the Earths surface
  • Determine the energy mix
  • Insolation per square meter
  • Potential max BTU available from solar per year
  • Need to build house for highest possible energy
    efficiency rather than building to existing
    standard Raising the Bar.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

4
ENVELOP REQUIREMENT
  • CONSIDERATIONS
  • High Thermal Mass to moderate outside
    temperatures
  • Insulate both sides of the Mass
  • Effective wall R gt 65
  • Effective roof R gt 68
  • High wind strength
  • Earth Quake resistant
  • Super tight enclosure Envelop Air Exchange
  • Quiet
  • Pest and varmint proof
  • Use available construction materials when
    possible
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

5
TYPES OF ENCLOSURE
  • POSSIBILITIES
  • SIP structural Insulated panels
  • Concrete blocks or various types of concrete
    walls
  • ICF Insulated concrete
  • Adobe
  • Wood framed with fiber glass insulation ,foam,
    etc.
  • Straw bail
  • Earth wall structure cave like earth house
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

6
SIMULATE AN EARTH HOUSE ABOVE GROUNDEARTH CORE
WALL
  • LETS USE AVAILABLE MATERIALS WHEN POSSIBLE SUCH
    AS
  • INSULATED CONCRETE FORM ICF
  • It has Thermal Mass
  • It has some insulation on both sides
  • We can add additional insulation on the inside
  • Can anchor the concrete mass to the earth
  • Its structurally sound
  • Fits our general requirements
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

7
INSULATED CONCRETE FORMIMPROVEMENT
  • INPROVING ON THE ICF WALLS
  • Anchor the ICF walls concrete core to the earth
    to moderate outside temperature.
  • Earth temperature lags the outside temperature by
    at least 3 months.
  • Add more insulation and add a radiant barrier to
    the inside Insulated Radiant Barrier.
  • Produces an EARTH CORE WALL.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

8
MISLEADING PARAMETERR VALUE
  • What does R-Value mean?
  • Its performance is not well understood.
  • How is it measured?
  • Its measured in a Hot Box at 75 deg F at 50
    humidity with no air movement.
  • But thats not real the world and we need to
    factor in temperature variations, moisture, air
    movement, wind etc..
  • Documentation shows that an increase of 1.5
    moisture to fiber glass insulation decreases its
    insulating performance by 36.
  • Also R-Value decreases by as much as 50 as the
    temperature drops from 45 deg F to 18 deg F or
    thats like an R19 decreasing to an R9.5 on a
    typical winter day.
  • We need a new test protocol to better evaluate
    different insulating materials to real world
    conditions.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

9
INSULATORS MAGINALIZED BY THIS TESTING METHOD
  • Insulators not recognized 0 R-Value
  • Thermos Bottles
  • Survival Blankets
  • NASA Space Suits
  • Low E-glass
  • P-2000 or equivalent
  • We need to show R-Value performance under real
    world conditions
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

10
OTHER ENVELOP CONSIDERATIONS
  • Windows triple glaze or better with heat
    mirror.
  • Special attention to East/West windows to
    minimize heat gain during summer months.
  • Minimize glass area on the North side.
  • South side glass depends on the energy mix.
  • Roof construction
  • SIP
  • Wood with polyurethane spray foam
  • Radiant Barrier
  • Thermally break the rafters
  • Wrapped EPS polyurethane with radiant barrier
  • Radiant barrier on the roofs outside
  • R. Philips technologies, Inc.

11
CONVERTING THE HEAT FLOW EQUATION DELTA T
VARIABLE TO A SMALL CONSTANT
  • With any form of wall construction, the Delta
    T in the heat flow equation can be a large
    variable, depending on the outside ambient
    temperature swings. The new Earth Core Wall
    design concept effectively renders this Delta T
    to a small nearly constant value. The envelops
    heat loss now becomes small and essentially a
    constant. The smaller predictable Delta T
    results in a significantly more efficient envelop
    now capable of 100 solar passive/active space
    heating in many location or requiring only a
    fraction of the energy that would otherwise have
    been required. Windows and roof construction are
    the other areas that can be effectively addressed
    to minimize heat loss.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

12
ENVELOP HEAT LOSSCALCULATION
  • Use computer software
  • Simple hand calculation
  • Total wall, window and roof area A
  • Heat Flow Rate (BTU/hr) A (Thigh
    Tlow)/ R
  • OR Watts BTU/hr/3.4
  • R R (equivalent)
  • A ft2
  • T Degrees F
  • Thigh Ambient Temperature
  • IMPORTANT 1) Heat Flow increases as delta T
    increases
  • 2) Need to keep the delta T
    small in any envelop to
    reduce the energy requirements
  • 3) Use Effective R value for walls,
    windows, roof, etc.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

13
ENVELOP HEAT LOSS CONSIDERATIONS
  • Use EFFECTIVE R-Values only
  • Calculate and sum the total area
  • Walls
  • Windows a potential weak point
  • Roof
  • Inside target temperature of 68 deg F
  • Delta Thigh now becomes Twall (NOTE Degree
    Day is no longer relevant because Twall is now
    a constant)
  • H (BTU/hr) A (Twall TInside) / R
    (effective)
  • Earth wall Twall 52-55 deg F
    (North East)
  • NOTE Use earth temperature at your
    location
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

14
SOLAR ACTIVE SPACE HEATING WITH DHW COLLECTOR
SIZING
  • DATA REQUIRED Total yearly Btu required per year
    for DHW and Space Heating
  • Yearly BTU production for space Heating and
    Domestic hot water
  • Need DHW tank delta T or (Thigh Tlow)
  • Need total envelop heat loss per year
  • Total energy requirement DWH and Envelop in BTU
  • Need to calculate the energy produced by a solar
    collector per Tube or Flat Plate
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

15
DHW COLLECTOR SIZING EXAMPLE
  • EXAMPLE
  • 4 person household, 80 gal water / day _at_ 120 deg
    F, summer cold water inlet
  • Tinlet 65 deg F and average summer insolation
    level of 1,000 Btu/ft2/day
  • Accepted national standard is 20
    gal of water/person/day
  • Determine temperature rise (delta T)
  • Delta T 120 65 55 deg F
    Temperature Rise
  • Determine energy requirements (water tank volume
    in gallons)
  • 80 gallon 667.2 lb (1 gal 8.34 lb
    of water
  • 667.2 lb 55 deg F 36,696 Btu/day (1 Btu
    raises 1lb of Water 1 deg F)
  • Determine solar collector output / tube
  • 1,000 0.70 conversion 700 Btu/ft2/day
    of collector absorber
  • 700 Btu/ft2/day 0.86 ft2 area/tube 602
    Btu/tube/day
  • Determine tube or flat plates requirements

16
SEASONAL STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS
  • Determine total envelop heat loss (Btu/day) worst
    case day
  • Stored heat produced in the in the warm summer
    when energy production is available for use
    during the winter months. Note By sizing the
    DHW evacuated tube solar collector, any
    additional heat produced can be used to
    periodically re-charge the Seasonal Stored tank
    in the summer and winter months a plus benefit!
  • Stored Btu (required) Total heat loss/day
    estimate heating days
  • Calculate the seasonal storage tank volume of
    water
  • Q (Btu) V p cp delta
    T
  • continues on the next
    slide
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

17
SEASONAL STORAGE WATER VOLUME REQUIRED


  • Q (Btu) V p cp
    delta T
  • V gal (water)
  • p density of water (62 lbm/ft3
  • cp specific heat of water
    (1Btu/lbm-deg F)
  • delta T temperate rise say (140 70) 70
    deg F
  • rearranging the above formula to obtain the
    volume of water required
  • V (gal water) Q /p cp
    delta T
  • conversion factor 1 Gal 0,1335 ft3
    (tank size)

18
COLLECTOR SIZING SUMMARY FOR DWH / SPACE HEATING
  • Calculate total envelop heat loss in Btu/year
    walls, windows, etc.
  • DHW total Btu requirement per year.
  • With the total yearly energy required per year -
    calculate the Seasonal Storage tank size
    required.
  • From the total yearly energy required calculate
    the total Tubes/Flat Plate Tubes (DHW)
    Tubes (space heating).
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

19
EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE BUILD IN 2000 WITH THE
FOLLOWING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
  • 85 Passive and 15 Active Design
  • ICF walls thermally anchored to the earth with
    additional foam and radiant barrier to the inside
    wall forming the Earth Core Wall - High
    Thermal Mass walls and floors.
  • Seasonal Storage - 5000 gallon with Maximum
    design operating Temperature of 148 Deg F. Tank
    volume will vary depending on the design
    requirements.
  • Tank and Mass designed to depletes its stored
    heat in the spring and reverses flow for passive
    summer cooling.
  • 85 Passive Design to collect and stores winter
    heat requirements.
  • 15 Active - Sunda Solar Evacuated Hot Water
    collectors provide in excess of 100 of the DHW
    requirements and the additional heat for Seasonal
    Storage Tank recharge necessary to compensate for
    variations in winter seasonal variations.
  • Poured concrete tank has a ultra low stand-by
    heat loss 1 Deg F / 28 days
  • Tank insulated on all sides constructed from
    rigid foam, radiant barriers and polyurethane
    sprayed outer foam sealing layer.
  • CONTINUED ON THE NEXT SLIDE
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

20
EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE CONSTUCTED IN THE YEAR
2000 - DESIGN REQUIREMENTS CONTINUATION OF SLIDE
19
  • Solarium floor pex tubing transfers the Passive
    Floor heat gain to the Seasonal Storage tank.
  • Solar Evacuated Tube collector recharges the
    Seasonal Storage tank when DHW needs are
    satisfied.
  • House hydronic floor heat supplied by Seasonal
    Storage Tank.
  • DC magnetic pumps power supplied by PV only.
  • House design to maintain an inside target
    temperature of 68 Deg F plus/minus 4 Deg F over
    the year.
  • Heat Recovery Ventilator used for air exchanges,
    filter and controlled Relative Humidity during
    the winter months.
  • Moisture control within the envelop during the
    humid summer months is accomplished by well water
    flowing through a liquid-air exchanger at the
    inlet air side of the HRV. A flow switch on the
    well water line actives the HRV when water is
    utilized effectively de-humidifying the air
    within the enclosure. This liquid-air core is
    also used by the HRV in the re-circulate mode.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

21
EARTH CORE WALL CONSTRUCTION CROSS SECTIONAL
VIEW
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

22
SEASONAL STORAGE TANK CONSTRUCTION CROSS SECTION
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

23
ROOF CONSTRUCTION CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

24
EARTH CORE WALL HOUSE - COMPLETED IN 2000NO
FURNANCE, NO BOILER AND NO BACKUPKingston, NH
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

25
Earth Core WallSOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS SCHEMATIC
LAYOUT
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

26
SIMPLE SYSTEM CONTROLLER
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

27
CONCLUSION
  • Earth Core Wall concept with Seasonal Storage
    works The first house was build in 2000 without
    Furnace, Boiler or Backup.
  • Inside envelop design temperature of 68 degrees F
    plus/minus 4 degree has been achieved.
  • 85 Passive and 15 Active. The 15 Active
  • design component with Seasonal Storage
    effectively compensates for seasonal variations.
  • Implementing all or part of this design concept
    can eliminate or help reduce our dependency of
    fossil fuel.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

28
HOUSES BUILD USING THIS MEW CONCEPT
  • The following slides are examples of houses
    build using all or part of the Earth Core Wall
    and Seasonal Storage.
  • R. Philips Technologies, Inc.

29
SPACE HEATING / DHW WITH BACKUPWilmington, MA
30
SPACE HEATING / DHW WITH BACKUPWhite Haven, PA
31
SOLAR FOR SUN ROOM SPACE HEATINGKingston, NH
32
SPACE HEATING / DHWNO BACKUPFranklin, NH
33
SPACE HEATING / DHW NO BACKUPBurlington, VT
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