Eng 300 The Bible as a Literature Who killed Jesus by Filip Filipov

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Eng 300The Bible as a LiteratureWho killed
Jesus?byFilip Filipov
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Last week of Jesus' Life

• Jerusalem 30 A.D.
• Millions of people are pouring into the city to
  celebrate the festival of Passover

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• Jesus a rebel from Galilee entered the city on
  a donkey, fulfilling ancient prophecies about the
  arrival of the Messiah.

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• The next day Jesus attacked and tried to drive
  out the money changers from the Great Temple for
  defiling the holy place.

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• The same night Jesus is arrested in the garden of
  Gethsemane by temple guards

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The Two Trials

• He faces a trial before Caiaphas the high
  priest of the temple of Jerusalem.
• Then he faces a trial before Pontius Pilate the
  roman governor.

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The First Suspect
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The first suspect

• Caiaphas the most powerful high priest in the
  history of Judea. He had enormous influence in
  Jerusalem. He was high priest for eighteen years
  when the average was four.

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The motive

• The High Priest and the other priests depended on
  Roman approval.
• In order to do that they had to maintain order in
  the society
• Position and Power is what Caiaphas and the other
  priests could lose if the Jewish people began to
  follow Jesus which could result in unrest and may
  be, revolution in Judea.
• They could lose something else as well...

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• Modern Archeologists are now showing that even
  though they were priests of the temple, Caiaphas
  and his associates lived a life of luxury.
• -The workmanship of their houses was of a great
  quality
• -The interiors were richly decorated with
  mosaic floors, painted ceilings and elegant
  furnishing
• -The rooms were much larger than the normal
  ancient houses rooms.

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How can a priest afford that?

• According to the Jewish law most people arriving
  in Jerusalem for Passover were deemed to be
  unclean. That meant that if you had in the recent
  past a contact something which creates impurity
  like a corpse, it was expected that you have to
  purify yourself before you enter the temple. In
  order to purify themselves Jewish people had to
  immerse in the water of a Ritual Bath.

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How can a priest afford that?

• There were more than 200 ritual baths around the
  temple.
• All people no matter how poor or rich they were
  had to pay enormous prices for purifying
  themselves.
• The baths were the major income of the priests of
  the temple.

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• Jesus was teaching that the kingdom of God is
  available to everyone without all those
  purification rituals. Thus opening the kingdom
  of God to beggars and sinners and people who
  couldnt afford to pay for the purification
  rituals.
• In the eyes of the Jews he was directly
  challenging the authority of the Caiaphas during
  the largest annual festival in the Jewish
  calendar.

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• In the temple Jesus made his first move. He
  accused the money changers and the sacrificial
  dove sellers of extortion and of turning the
  temple into a house of thieves and tried to drive
  them out of it.

• Jesus said that God will destroy the Temple and
  all its corruption.

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• In the mind of the priests this action of Jesus
  was a blaspheme.
• Caiaphas at that moment decided that it is time
  for him to stop Jesus.
• A secret meeting of the chief priests was called
  in the Caiaphass house.
• It was decided Jesus must be killed.

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• Jesus was arrested in the garden of Gethsemane by
  temple guards.
• The same night Jesus was put on trial.
• A little is known about Jewish trials at that
  time and according to what is known Jesus trial
  was a complete façade.
• Almost everything in Jesus trial was illegal

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The Fake Trial

• 1. It takes place in the night Illegal
• 2. It takes place in Caiaphas house rather then
  in the council chamber where all the trials were
  held.
• 3. The Caiaphas was both judge and prosecutor.

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The Fake Trial -The accusations

• According to Caiaphas, Jesus threatened to
  destroy the temple which is both offence against
  God and treason against the state.
• Jesus was accused of blaspheme, but Caiaphas
  needed witnesses...

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The Fake Trial - The witnesses

• According to the Bible, Caiaphas produced
  witnesses who claimed they heard Jesus say that
  he will destroy the Temple
• According to Jewish law two male witnesses had to
  agree almost word to word, but the witnesses
  contradicted each other and they were dismissed.

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The Fake Trial

• Without the witnesses in order to sent Jesus to
  die he had to provoke him to say something
  blasphemes and have him for breaking Jewish law.
• He asked him directly
• - Are you the son of God?
• - Are you the Messiah?

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The Verdict

• Little is known to what the answer of Jesus was,
  but Caiaphas declared that Jesus had spoken
  blaspheme. The penalty for this was death.
• There was only one small problem. Caiaphas was
  not permitted to execute a death sentence.

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• Caiaphas had the motive, but not the power...

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The Second Suspect
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• Judea in the time of Jesus was governed by the
  Roman empire.
• All power including that of life and death was
  vested in one man Pontius Pilate.

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The Second Trial

• Right on the morning after the trial Caiaphas had
  sent Jesus to appear before Pilate, because he
  was the only one that could carry out a death
  sentence.
• Pontius Pilate did not even had to accuse Jesus
  of blaspheme, because Jesus and all his followers
  thought that he was the king of Jews, which could
  make him guilty of a very high crime against Rome
  and that is punishable by death.

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The Second Trial

• A crowd gathered as news spread that Jesus of
  Nazareth was on trial for his life.
• Even after all accusations and after reading the
  official reports, Pilate proclaimed Jesus as
  innocent, but he had to take into account an
  unexpected factor...

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The crowd

• The crowd started to shout that Jesus must be
  crucified.
• Pilate had to face a dilemma
• -Release Jesus and there might be riots.
• -Execute an innocent man.

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The choice

• There was an amnesty, which allows the Roman
  governor to release a prisoner on Passover.
• Pilate offered the crowd a choice between
  releasing Jesus or Barabas, who was in prison for
  murder.
• The crowd chose Barabas.

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The Verdict

• Pilate made an extraordinary sentence declaring
  that Jesus is innocent ,but nevertheless he
  condemned him to death by crucifixion.
• Pilate , afterwards symbolically washed his hands
  before the crowd and told them that he is
  innocent of Jesus blood.

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The Third Suspect
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The third suspect

• One of the prophets Zechariah, foretold that the
  real Messiah will enter the city of Jerusalem
  riding a donkey.
• The entry of Jesus into the city of Jerusalem is
  a legend riding into the city on a donkey.
• Jesus chose to enter the city riding a donkey to
  show who he was the true king of the Jews, the
  Messiah, but he also knew what the possible
  consequence could be.

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The Third Suspect

• The third person responsible for Jesus death is
  Jesus himself.

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The Next Step

• Money changers and sellers of animals and birds
  for sacrifice had been trading in the courtyard
  and Passover is one of the busiest time of the
  year.
• Declaring that the Temple was a house of prayer
  and not a house of thieves, Jesus took his most
  provocative action in this week.

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The Next Step

• He attacked the commercial activity of the money
  changers but it was also above all, a symbolic
  attack of the Temple itself.
• Jesus knew what the risks were when doing this
  action.
• -Arrest
• -Conviction
• -Death
• Instead of leaving Jerusalem afterwards and
  avoiding all possible troubles he decided to stay
  and celebrate Passover with his disciples on what
  is known as the Last Supper.

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The Last Supper
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The Last Supper

• Jesus shows clear signs at the last supper that
  he knows what his future is
• -He called the bread they are eating his broken
  body
• -He referred to the wine they are drinking as his
  spilled blood
• -He even identifies the person that will betray
  him Judas Iscariot. In one of gospels Jesus
  says to Judas
• Do what you have to do, but do it quickly.
• John 1327

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The Garden of Gethsemane

• After the last supper Jesus and his disciples
  decided to go to the Garden of Gethsemane.
• The gospels say that here for the first time he
  began to have doubts about his destiny. The event
  is described as the agony of Jesus. He prayed to
  God if he could be spared the awful destiny that
  awaits him.

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The Garden of Gethsemane

• When Jesus prays in the garden of Gethsemane, the
  text refers to him being comforted by an angel
  and sweating drops like blood (verses 43-44 in
  Luke 2240-46).
• Scholars have always believed that this is a
  detail made up by the gospel writer, but this
  event might have actually happened...

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The Garden of Gethsemane

• Blood Sweat or Hematohidrosis is a real disease.
  Around the sweat glands, there are multiple blood
  vessels in a net-like form. Under the pressure
  of enormous stress the vessels constrict and the
  blood goes into the sweat glands. When sweat is
  produced it pushes the blood onto the surface.

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• Right after that Jesus was arrested by the Temple
  Guards, and now like before he stood his ground
  and didnt try to run away.

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• No matter how often Jesus put himself in danger,
  he did not take his own life. That was done by
  others.

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The First suspect

• Caiaphas wanted Jesus dead. He considered Jesus
  a threat to his religious power and his
  lifestyle. He held a sham trial and convicted
  Jesus of blaspheme.

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The Second Suspect

• Pontius Pilate declared Jesus innocent, but he
  had the ultimate power to sentence him to death
  and he did it.

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The Third Suspect

• Jesus knew exactly what he was doing and why. He
  provoked Caiaphas with his actions and he refused
  to defend himself on the trial.

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Q A
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References

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematidrosis
• http//www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mjesuskill.htm
  l
• http//www.springerlink.com/content/wv9tq60nku3w2c
  dp
• http//www.j30ad.org/JesusCalvary.htm
• http//www.bibleexplained.com/