FutureGen Zero Emissions Energy Plant of the Future

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FutureGen Zero Emissions Energy Plant of the
Future

• Clean Coal Technology Foundation of Texas
• July 1, 2004
• Austin, Texas
• C. Lowell Miller, Ph.D.
• Office of Coal Fuels and Industrial Power Systems
• U.S. Department of Energy

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FutureGen
What is the FutureGen prototype?
A global effort to build the worlds first zero
emission power plant

• A Government/Industry cost shared partnership
• Pioneer advanced hydrogen production from coal
• Emit virtually no air pollutants
• Capture and permanently sequester carbon dioxide

• Other nations invited to join in this research
  project (1 billion dollars over the next ten
  years)
• FutureGen will be an international test facility
  for breakthrough technologies that addresses
  feasibility of zero emissions

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Tomorrows Hydrogen
Why is Hydrogen from Coal Important?

• 95 of U.S. hydrogen comes from natural gas
• Future Hydrogen Economy must have more
  diversified sources
• Over longer term, hydrogen will likely come from
  renewables, nuclear power, fusion, etc.

But coal can also be a major feedstock

• Most abundant U.S. fossil fuel (250-yr supply)
  if transportation fuel today was hydrogen,
  potential for additional 1.3 billion tons coal
  per year by 2025 that addition could grow to
  2.4 billion tons
• Hydrogen from coal for transportation enhances
  energy/economic security
• Can be environmentally clean source of hydrogen

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Climate Change
Why is Sequestration Important?

• Since the world relies on fossil fuels ( 88),
  sequestration is an important option
• May be only option that removes enough carbon to
  stabilize CO2 concentrations in atmosphere
• May prove to be lowest cost carbon management
  option

Carbon Management Paths

• Switch to low- no-carbon fuels

Renewables, Nuclear, Natural Gas

• Increase energy efficiency

Demand-Side Supply Side

• Sequester carbon

The FutureGen plant will be a first-of-its-kind
project by the U.S. electric power industry to
prove that large-scale sequestration is safe and
practicable, and one that encompasses all three
carbon management paths.
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Project Performance Objectives

• Design, construct and operate a full scale
  prototype plant (integrated with CO2
  sequestration) that produces electricity and
  hydrogen with essentially zero emissions
• Sequester at least 90 percent of CO2 initially
  and 100 percent sequestered eventually
• Prove the effectiveness, safety, and permanence
  of CO2 sequestration
• Establish technology standards and protocols for
  CO2 measuring, monitoring, and verification
• Validate the engineering, economic, and
  environmental viability of advanced coal-based,
  zero emission technologies for commercial
  readiness in 2020

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Features of the Project

• Coal-fueled gasification process that produces
  electricity and hydrogen--275 MWe net equivalent
  output
• Operational rate of 1 million tons per year of
  CO2 captured and sequestered
• Incorporates advanced technologies that will be
• competitive in future zero emission energy
  plants
• Full-scale integrated operations

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Project Concept
FutureGen
Refinery
Hydrogen
Electricity
CO2
Oil
Geological Sequestration
Enhanced Oil Recovery
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FutureGen Conversion Process
Converting Coal into Gas is Key

• Up to 99 of Clear Skies pollutants
  (sulfur/nitrogen/mercury) can be cleaned from
  gasified coal
• Hydrogen is a primary product
• Carbon gases are in concentrated form for easier
  capture and sequestration

Oxygen (from air)
Hydrogen Carbon Gases (CO2 , CO)
Coal H2O
No coal-to-gas plant in the world today is
configured to optimize hydrogen production or to
capture carbon. The FutureGen prototype plant
would be the worlds first.
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Technology Challenge

• Traditional Advanced Technology
• Cryogenic Separation
• Amine Scrubbers
• Amine Scrubbers
• Gas Stream Clean-Up
• Syngas Turbine
• Fuel Cell (4,000/kW)
• EOR based
• Existing Gasifier
• System Integration
• Plant Controls

• Emerging Research Inventions
• O2 Membranes
• Hydrogen Membranes
• Clathrate CO2 Separation
• Dirty Shift Reactor
• Hydrogen Turbine
• SECA Fuel Cell (400/kW design)
• Sequestration Technology
• Advanced Transport Reactor
• First of a Kind System Integration
• Smart Dynamic Plant Controls CO2
  Management Systems

(including in-situ CO2 monitoring)
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FutureGen Systems
Gas Cleaning
Gasification
Oxygen
Gas Stream Cleanup
OxygenMembrane
Power
High Efficiency Turbine
Gasifier
Coal
Fuel Cell
Process Heat/Steam
Electricity
H2
Fuel H2O
Products/Byproducts Utilization
Liquids Conversion
CO2
H2/CO2Separation
Fuels/Chemicals
Fuels and Chemicals
CO2 Sequestration
Coal Seams
Saline Reservoir
Enhanced Oil Recovery
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FutureGen Research Initiative - Status

• February 27, 2003 - Presidential announcement
• Received strong support from states, industry,
  international community and some
  environmentalists
• April 2003 Initial project plan developed
• October 2003 - Completed DOE affirmation of
  Mission Need for FutureGen (zero-emission coal
  option)
• FutureGen Program Plan submitted to Congress
• Fiscal Year 2004 funding of 9 million
  appropriated
• Plan to enter into negotiations with industry in
  FY 2004

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Project Schedules --- Key Phases
Supporting Research
Major Project Milestones
Project Definition Site Characterization
Design / Construction
Follow-on Testing
Shakedown / Operation
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
Fiscal Year
Supporting research includes research embedded
in the FutureGen project and additional research
in FEs carbon sequestration, IGCC, turbines, and
fuel cell RD programs.
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Project Schedule
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Seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
Established in Five Geographic Regions
GP Great Plains Region
Representing 140 Organizations 2 Canadian
Provinces 3 Indian Nations 33 States
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
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6
WC West Coast Region
MW Midwest Region
1
5
2
4
3
SE Southeast Region
SW Southwest Region
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Potential For International Participation

• Participation on a cost-shared basis can be
  either on the industry side or on the government
  side.
• Interest in participation from Carbon
  Sequestration Leadership Forum members
  encouraged
• Mechanisms for participation can be through
  existing, modified, or new international
  agreements or protocols
• Benefits and information negotiable depending on
  extent of cost-shared participation.
• FutureGen International Participation Prospectus
• Benefits to worldwide use of coal is enormous if
  zero emissions coal option is proven and
  accepted.

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FutureGen Near-Term Next Steps

• Begin Environmental (NEPA) process for project
• Begin development of site selection criteria
• Complete selection process for industry
  Consortium
• Once cooperative agreement in place with
  Consortium
• Develop test scope for validating FutureGen
• Assess cutting-edge technology readiness
• Site characterization, evaluation and selection
• Start preliminary design work
• Conduct permitting activities

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Summary Remarks

• FutureGen is a key research step towards proving
  the feasibility of a zero-emission coal option.
• The goals are very challenging and it will
  collectively require our best minds and resources
  to meet these goals.
• The cooperation and support of all stakeholders
  (government, industry, environmental, NGOs and
  international) will be needed for FutureGen to be
  successful and accepted.
• The potential benefits of a zero-emission coal
  option are enormous with respect to energy,
  environmental and economic security.

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Web Sites For Additional Information
GENERAL www.fe.doe.gov www.netl.doe.gov www.eia.
doe.gov www.epa.gov www.climatescience.gov SPEC
IFIC http//fossil.energy.gov/techline/tl_cslf_pri
nt.html http//fossil.energy.gov/techline/tl_futur
egen1_print.html http//fossil.energy.gov/events/s
peeches/03_sec_futuregen_022703.shtml http//www.n
etl.doe.gov/coalpower/sequestration/index.html