RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
nasal conchae
soft
palate
hard palate
1. inspiration and exhalation
uvula
external
of air
pharynx
nares (nostrals)
epiglottus
larynx
(voice box)
2. moistening and cleansing
of air
esophagus
trachea
3. gas exchange (O2 CO2)
bronchus
4. olfaction (smell)
conducting
bronchi
5. phonation (speaking)
pleural
cavity
left lung
parietal pleura
right lung
visceral pleura
diaphragm
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NOSE
OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM
sustentacular
apical
olfactory
Nose (frontal view)
(supporting) cell
dendrite
cilia
cilia
olfactory
pseudostratified
cell
columnar
(bipolar
olfactory
epithelium
neuron)
epithelium
nasal conchae
basal
(turbinates)
cell
nasal fossae
olfactory glands
of Bowman
olfactory fibers
(axons)
respiratory
epithelium
RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
goblet cells
pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
serous
mucous
crescents
glands
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OLFACTORY AND RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM
RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
glands of
Bowman
duct of
Bowmans gland
goblet
cell
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LARYNX
elastic
cartilage
thyroid
false
true
cartilage
epiglottus
vocal
vocal
fold
fold
epiglottus
hyoid
hyoid bone
muscles
false vocal fold
thyroid
cartilage
cricoid
extrinsic
(p c epith)
cartilage
muscles
(s s epith)
tracheal
true
cartilage
vocal
cricoarytinoid
fold
muscle
cricoid
vocalis
cartilage
muscle
(intrinsic)
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TRUE AND FALSE VOCAL FOLDS
EPITHELIUM OF FALSE VOCAL FOLD
intraepithelial
false vocal fold
glands
true vocal fold
vocalis muscle
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LUNGS
epiglottus
Lung and
Heart
(posterior
view)
trachea
pulmonary
aorta
alveoli
bronchus
pulmonary
veins
heart
left lung
right lung
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CONDUCTING AIRWAYS
esophagus
cartilagenous
rings
trachealis
muscle
adventitia
primary
bronchus
lamina
TRACHEA
propria
seromucous
glands
secondary
lung boundry
bronchus
small
bronchus
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
bronchiole
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TRACHEA
Trachea - transverse section
Trachea Mucosa
ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
trachealis
muscle
hyaline
cartilage
tracheal
glands
cartilage
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BRONCHUS RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
epithelium -SEM
cartilage
lymph
nodule
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BRONCHIOLES
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RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS
Bronchiole
alveolus
terminal
bronchiole
Alveolar
Duct

Clara
cells
alveolus
elastic fibers
Respiratory
Bronchiole
capillaries
Alveolar
Sac
capillaries
alveolus
smooth
Clara cells
muscle
(simple cuboidal epithelium
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RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES AND ALVEOLAR DUCTS
Respiratory Bronchiole
alveolar
duct
alveoli
respiratory
bronchiole
alveolar
duct
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RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS - SEM
respiratory bronchiole
alveoli
alveolar
alveolar duct
ducts
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ALVEOLI
elastic connective tissue
atria
type II alveolar cells
type I
alveolus
alveolar cells
alveolus
capillary
alveolus
alveolar
pore
alveolar
macrophage
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ALVEOLI - SEM
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ALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES - INJECTED
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ALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES - CORROSION CAST SEM
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ALVEOLI- LOW AND MEDIUM MAGNIFICATION TEM
capillary
alveolus
type II alveolar cell
capillaries
alveolus
type I alveolar cell
alveolus
type I
alveolar cell
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CELLS OF THE ALVEOLAR WALL
lamellar bodies
alveolar
macrophage
(dust cells)
basement
membrane
capillary
type I alveolar cell
type II
alveolar
type II
cell
alveolar cell
lamellar
bodies
capillary
capillary
CO2
endothelial
cell
O2
type I alveolar
cell
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BLOOD-AIR BARRIER
basement
membrane
capillary
caveolus
alveolus
capillary
type I
alveolar
cell
capillary
blood-air
endothelial
barrier
cell
alveolus
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ALVEOLAR SURFACTANT SYSTEM
Pressure
4T (dynes/cm)
surface tension
Difference

diameter
air
(Laplace)
air
H2O
H2O
surfactants
alveolar type II
phospholipid
(amphilic molecules-
cell
surfactant
mutual repulsion)
hydrophobic
end
hydrophilic
end
normal respiratory cycle
infant respiratory distress syndrome
no surfactant
surfactant
exhale
inhale
exhale