Evidence that supports that DNA is the genetic material in eukaryotes

1
Evidence that supports that DNA is the genetic
material in eukaryotes
2
(No Transcript)
3
Indirect evidence Distribution of DNA
4
(No Transcript)
5
Indirect evidence Mutagenesis
6
(No Transcript)
7
Direct evidence Recombinant DNA studies
8
RNA serves as the genetic material in some viruses
9
Nucleotides
Nitrogen-containing base
Nine-member double-ring - Purines
Six-member single-ring - Pyrimidines
10
Four types of nucleotides differ only in the
nitrogen-containing base
Adenine (A) - Purine
Thymine (T) - Pyrimidine
Guanine (G) - Purine
Cytosine (C) - Pyrimidine
Both DNA and RNA contain A,C G Only DNA
contains the base T Only RNA contains the base U.
11
(Ribonucleic acids (RNA) contain
ribose Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) contain
deoxyribose
Klug, Cummings Spencer, 2006
12
Nucleoside molecule composed of a purine /
pyrimidine base and a ribose / deoxyribose
sugar
Phosphate group
13
Nucleoside molecule composed of a purine /
pyrimidine base and a ribose / deoxyribose
sugar
Phosphate group
Nucleotide
14
Nucleoside molecule composed of a purine /
pyrimidine base and a ribose / deoxyribose
sugar
Phosphate group
Nucleotide
Nucleosides / Nucleotides are named according to
the specific nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C or U)
15
Nucleotides can also be described as nucleoside
monophosphate (NMP) nucleoside diphosphate
(NDP) nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)_
Triphosphates - adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Important in cells bioenergetics large amount
of energy involved in adding or removing the
terminal phosphate group.
Klug, Cummings Spencer, 2006
16
Polynucleotides
Joining of two nucleotides -gt dinucleotide three
nucleotides -gt trinucleotide
Short chains consisting of approximately 20
nucleotides -gt oligonucleotide
Longer chains -gt polynucleotides
Linkage between two mononucleotides phosphate
group linked to two sugars phosphodiester bond
Each structure has a C-5 and a C-3 end.
17
Polynucleotides
Klug, Cummings Spencer, 2006
18
(No Transcript)