Title: Production of Marine Information Objects MIOs for Coral Reefs and Marine Environmental Protection Ar
1Production of Marine Information Objects (MIOs)
for Coral Reefs and Marine Environmental
Protection Areas
Lee Alexander, CCOM-JHC, Univ. of New
Hampshire Kathryn Mork and Julia L. Powell,
Office of Coast Survey, NOS, NOAA
2Marine Information Objects (MIOs)
- - Chart and navigation-related information that
supplement the minimum information required by
IMO ECDIS - Additional, non-mandatory
- Not covered by existing standards (e.g., IHO
S-57, IHO S-52, or IEC 61174) - The everything else
- Points, lines, areas, features, objects
3MIOs
4IMO-compliant ECDIS
- ENC Definition
- all the chart information necessary for safe
navigation and may contain supplementary
information in addition to that contained in the
paper chart which may be considered necessary for
safe navigation.
5Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)
- Database of chart features
- Produced in conformance to IHO S-57 Standards
- Displayed on ECDIS using IHO S-52 colors and
symbols - Software provides indications, warnings,
alarms by using intelligent data - chart is background for display of other
navigation information, e.g., - Ownship
- Radar
- AIS
- MIOs
Indication/alarms 1. Crossing into
separation scheme 2. Crossing into inbound
lane 3. Crossing out of traffic scheme 4.
Crossing safety depth value
Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound, Alaska (site of
EXXON VALDEZ grounding)
6Two types of Electronic Charting Systems
- ECDIS - Electronic Chart Display and Information
System - IMO Performance Standards
- IHO data and display specifications
- IEC testing/certification reqmnts
- ECDIS has been accepted by IMO as suitable for
meeting chart requirements of SOLAS.
- ECS - Electronic Chart System
- Anything other than ECDIS
- RTCM performance ISO data standards
- Use a wide variety of EC data
7Types of MIOs
- Tides / water levels
- Ice coverage
- Meteorological
- Oceanographic
- Marine Habitats
- Environmental Protection
- Archeological
- Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
- and others TBD
8Goal for MIOs
- Supplemental information for decision support
- Right information for task-at-hand
- Voyage planning route monitoring
- How displayed less important than data format and
content - Data must be accurate, timely, and useable
- Display should be consistent in appearance
9Foundation Data Layers for Marine GIS
- Shoreline
- Bathymetry
- Cadastral (boundary)
- Environmental Sensitivity Index
- Habitat and species location
- Benthic mapping (seagrass, corals, )
- Ports and vessel traffic
- Geo-regulations
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11Display Standards/Specifications
- IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS
- 1. Chart-related
- IHO recommended colours and symbols (IHO S-52)
should be used to display SENC information - 2. Navigation-related
- other navigational information may be added to
the ECDIS display. However it should not degrade
and be clearly distinguishable from SENC
information. - the colours and symbols used to describe
navigational elements and parameters are
published in IEC 61174 -
-
12Chart-related Chart-related Navigation-related Co
lours and Symbols ECDIS (IEC 61174, Annex
E) (IHO S-52, Appendix 2) Radar (IEC 60936,
Annex E) Radar/ARPA (IEC 60872) AIS (IMO NAV
Circ/217) Terms, abbrev symbols (ISO/DIS
19018) Being Developed Navigation Display
(IEC 62288, Annex B) VTS-related (IALA VTS
Committee) IHO ? Harmonization Group on
MIO ? IEC ice coverage tides/water
levels currents oceanographic weather search and
rescue endangered species/critical
habitats marine environmental protection
13NOAA Special ProjectProtecting Corals
Savings Ships
- Office of Coast Survey, NOAA conducting a pilot
project in FKNMS - Convert existing coral reef maps to format
suitable for use with electronic charts (i.e.,
MIOs) - MIOs to be based on international standards
- Contribute to IHO and IMO initiatives to
incorporate critical marine habitat information
with paper/electronic charts - Will be basis for what is done worldwide
14Project Goals
- Provide critical coral habitat and other MPA
information for use with electronic charts - Enhance flow of geo-spatial info to/from
conservation managers to mariners - Develop/evaluate suitable data formats and
symbology for coral reefs and other MPA areas - Ensure navigation safety contribute to marine
environmental protection
15Special Areas
- IMO MARPOL 73/78 defined certain sea areas as
special areas - Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
- An area that needs special protection because on
ecological, socio-economic, or scientific reasons - International importance/recognition
16PSSAs
- Great Barrier Reef, Australia (1990)
- Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba (1997)
- Malpelo Island, Colombia (2002)
- Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, USA
(2002) - Wadden Sea, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands (2002)
- Paracas National Reserve, Peru (2003)
- Nominated on 2004
- Baltic Sea (except Russian waters)
- Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador
- Canary Isles Archipelago, Spain
17PSSA Boundary
Submerged Cables
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19Two Components
- Biological
- convert existing biological/ecological data into
an S-57 format - Decide what level of information is appropriate
(or needed) - Regulatory
- - Determine what are the various types of marine
protected areas (national international) - - develop suitable S-57 objects, attributes and
attribute values
20Benthic Mapping
www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/bhm/
21Objectives
- Determine the process required to use existing
Benthic Habitat data from the Florida Keys to - a) Import Shapefile format into CARIS format
- b) Take converted data and create S-57 objects
using CARIS HOM ENC
benthic (adjective)of, relating to, or
occurring at the bottom of a body of water, or in
the depths of the ocean (Websters Dictionary)
22Starting Point
- Data was in SHP format, broken into multiple
tiles - Typical tile (Tile 14)
- data consisted of nine SHP point, line, area
files - a viewing program accompanied the data (below
right)
23Workflow Overview
- Step 1 Convert SHP file to CARIS format
- CARIS Conversion Utility
- Step 2 Create S-57 Features from CARIS data
- CARIS HOM Object Import Utility/HOM AML
24Importing Shapefiles to CARIS
- Use CARIS Conversion Wizard to import spatial
data in separate Shapefiles into one CARIS file - about 2,500 spatial features were imported
- attribute data was written to an MS Access
database
25Creating S-57 Objects
- Using CARIS HOMs Object Import Utility, each
class of spatial data was then processed
separately to create (closely) matching S-57
feature objects
26- Findings
- Shapefile data can be imported into CARIS format
- S-57 object data can be created from this data
- Observations
- Not all SHP data could be used directly
- some interactive processing is required, mostly
for area data, due to differences in how areas
are stored in SHP S-57 files - not all required S-57 attribute data is present
in the SHP files - New S-57 object classes need to be created to
properly represent the data in question - Also need to consider how to display these new
objects
27Florida Keys Coral Reef Habitats
Patch Reefs Barrier Reef
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29Marine Protection Areas
- National (USA, Canada, Australia, Cuba)
- Marine Managed Area (MMA)
- Marine Protection Area (MPA)
- International (IMO, IHO, IUCN, etc.)
- Special Area / Particularly Sensitive Sea
(PSSA) - Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASL)
- Environmentally Sensitive Sea Area (ESSA)
- Protected Management Areas
- Need to determine
- 1. How many different types are there?
- 2. What are the various types of distinctions?
- 3. What is the proper hierarchy?
30Marine Protection Areas (cont.)
- Functional Criteria
- Primary conservation focus
- Level of protection
- Permanence of protection
- Constancy of protection
- Ecological scale of protection
- Restrictions on extraction
-
Sub-Categories Conservation
areas Reserves Preserves Sanctuaries Parks Managem
ent areas Area to be Avoided (ATBA) etc.
31Coral Reefs
ATBA
32FKNMS
33PSSA Boundary
Submerged Cables
34FKNMS
PSSA is not currently shown on an ENC !
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36NOAA ENC and MIO
Portrayal - duplicate existing colours - use
S-52 CS for now
37CARIS 2005 Training Session
- CARIS HOM AML now customized
- for MIO Production
- Defines/creates MIO objects based on process used
for AMLs - Environmental variables in binary dictionary
- Viewing MIO objects and attributes
- Customizing lookup tables
- Creating MIO profile (permitted object codes
mandatory attributes, values, ranges) - Symbolization of MIO objects
- Import MIO objects (Object Import Utility)
- Export to S-57
- View MIO S-57 file
38Project Phases
- 2004 - ID existing biological and regulatory
information in FKNMS accomplished - - determine appropriate level of content to use
with electronic chart systems - - initiate stakeholder involvement
- 2005 Convert selected data into MIOs conforming
to IHO S-57 data standards ongoing - - continue stakeholder consultation process
- 2006 Implement, test evaluate MIOs with
electronic chart manufacturers and user groups - - conduct pilot project using equipment installed
on government private vessels - - identify other USA coral reefs that warrant
similar effort - 2007 Submit project results to IMO and IHO
- - commence formal adoption of international
standards - - work with World Bank and IMO GEF to replicate
project, internationally
39Stakeholders
- Federal/State Government
- National Ocean Service, NOAA
- US Coast Guard
- US Geological Survey
- State of Florida / FKNMS SAC
- International Organizations
- International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
- The World Conservation Union (WCU)
- World Resource Institute (WRI)
- UN Environmental Programme (UNEP)
- Maritime Industry
- International Council of Cruise Lines
- Caribbean Shipping Association
- American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA)
- American Pilots Association (APA)
- Academia
- General Public
40Key Participants
- Stakeholders who are interested in both
safety-of-navigation and marine environmental
protection - NOAA HQ offices (navigation, biological,
regulatory) - Australia and Cuba interested in participating
41Project Benefits
- Once produced, tested and evaluated, Coral Reef
MIOs will - Supplement navigation safety-related info
contained in ENCs RNCs issued by NOAA - Enable mariners to make informed decisions about
what areas to avoid and/or prohibited activities - Contribute to ongoing IMO and IHO initiatives
related to PSSA designation on charts - Facilitate maritime transportation/commerce while
increasing mariners awareness of marine
environmental protection
42University of NHCCOM- JHC Industry Partners
Sonar manufacturers
Survey Companies
Cable and pipelines
Mapping and processing software
43Many Thanks to
- Andy Hoggarth
- Cameron McLeay
- Keith Baker
- Peter Duguid
- and the rest of the CARIS Team