Campaign%20Years%20of%201778%20-%201781

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Campaign Years of 1778 - 1781
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After the failure of the British plans for 1776
and 1777, the war changes and becomes harder to
follow

• The British still control New York City and the
  Americans fortify the Hudson Valley to keep the
  British bottled up.
• The Iroquois become involved and there is
  fighting on the New York and Pennsylvania
  frontiers.
• Fighting in the Ohio Country
• 1778 Battle of Monmouth Molly Pitcher Sir
  Henry Clinton ( B ) replaces Sir William Howe ( B
  ) as British commander.

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1779 Spain declares war on England

• Bernardo de Galvez
• Governor of Spanish Louisiana who supports the
  Americans even before Spain enters the war

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Gen. Anthony Wayne ( A )

• 1779 Gen Anthony Wayne ( A ) wins the Battle of
  Stony Point in the Hudson Valley

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Battle of Stony Point
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• Major fighting moves to the South and Americans
  suffer some of the worst defeats of the war at
  Savannah, Charleston and Camden. Many Loyalists
  in the South.
• Benedict Arnold turns his coat and goes over to
  the British side.
• American privateers attack British shipping and
  coastal towns. British attack and burn American
  towns along Long Island Sound in Connecticut and
  Rhode Island where many of the privateers are
  built and manned.
• Nathaniel Greene, Daniel Morgan and Francis
  Marion turn the tide in the South and the British
  are defeated and forced to surrender at Yorktown,
  Virginia.

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Native Americans and Frontier Warfare
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New York and Pennsylvania Frontiers

• Native Americans divided over who to support
• Iroquois Confederacy divided Confederacy
  Council fire goes out
• Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga and Onondaga support the
  British
• Oneida and Tuscarora support the Americans
• Joseph Brant Mohawk chief, Sir John Johnson (
  L ), and John and Walter Butler ( L ) lead many
  of the frontier raids

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New York and Pennsylvania Frontiers

• 1778 Year of the Massacres on the New York
  and Pennsylvania frontiers
• Clinton Sullivan Campaign James Clinton ( A )
  and John Sullivan ( A )
• Destroy the Iroquois ability to make war
• Battle of Newtown ( A )
• Clinton Sullivan Campaign did not end the
  frontier raids.

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Year of the Massacres
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James Clinton and John Sullivan
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Ohio Country

• George Rogers Clark ( A ) captures forts at
  Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Vincennes defeats the
  Hairbuyer ( B )

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War in the South

• Nathaniel Greene ( A ), Daniel Morgan ( A )
  and Francis Marion The Swamp Fox
• Lord Charles Cornwallis ( B ) and Loyalists

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1776 Battle of Moores Creek Bridge
Lexington and Concord of the South
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War in the South

• 1779 British capture Savannah, Georgia

• 1780 British capture Charleston, South Carolina
• Battle of Camden ( B ) Horatio Gates ( A ) vs
  Lord Charles Cornwallis ( B )
• Battle of Kings Mountain ( A ) Maj Robert
  Ferguson ( B )

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Battle of Camden
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Battle of Camden
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Battle of Camden
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Battle of Kings Mountain
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Battle of Kings Mountain
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1781

• Battle of Cowpens ( A ) Daniel Morgan ( A )
  vs Banastre Tarleton ( B )
• Battle of Guilford Courthouse ( B ) Nathaniel
  Greene ( A ) vs Lord Charles Cornwallis ( B )
• Battle of Yorktown ( A ) George Washington ( A
  ) and Count Rochambeau ( F ) vs Lord Charles
  Cornwallis ( B ) British surrender last major
  battle of the revolution

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Battle of Cowpens
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Battle of Cowpens
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Battle of Cowpens
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Battle of Guilford Courthouse
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Battle of Guilford Courthouse
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Battle of Yorktown
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Battle of Yorktown
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Battle of Yorktown
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Battle of Yorktown
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Treason of Benedict Arnold

• 1780 Arnold gives the plans to the
  fortifications at West Point to the British
• John Andre ( B ) caught and executed as a spy
• Arnold goes to the British side and fights with
  them for the rest of the war. Fights in
  Virginia, Connecticut and Rhode Island.

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Treaty of Paris of 1783

• American negotiators Ben Franklin, John Jay and
  John Adams
• United States free and independent nation
• Boundaries
• North Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River
• West Mississippi River
• South Florida
• British abandon forts in the Northwest
• United States pay loyalists for property

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