Pasteurellaceae of Ruminants

1
Pasteurellaceae of Ruminants

• A Review of Research Activities
• Alton (Al) C. S. Ward, PhD, Professor Emeritus
• University of Idaho
•  Caine Veterinary Teaching Center
• Caldwell, Idaho
•  

2
Background

• Research in animal diseases gt35 yrs Diseases
  affecting reproduction and survival of neonates
• Diagnostic microbiology gt20 yrs
• Isolation of bacteria in Pasteurellaceae family
  from clinical specimens
• Development and use of selective media for
  Pasteurellaceae isolation

3
Pasteurellaceae family genera

• Actinobacillus (example equuli)
• Haemophilus (example somnus)
• Pasteurella (example multocida, and trehalosi)
• Mannheimia - New genus for identification of some
  isolates formerly identified in Pasteurella genus
  (example haemolytica)

4
Pasteurellaceae

• Obligate bacterial parasites of vertebrates
• Common commensals of upper respiratory tract
• Associated with disease as primary or
  opportunistic pathogens
• Extremely diverse

5
Initiation of bighorn sheep
studies at CVTC

• 1988 An ongoing respiratory disease epizootic
  in Central Idaho bighorn sheep
• Two bighorn ewes taken to CVTC for diagnostic
  evaluation
• Question Do these bighorn sheep have
  Pasteurella, and if they do, did they get it
  from domestic sheep?

6
Objectives

• Culture samples from multiple sources
• Differentiation of Pasteurella strains
• Evaluation of strain distribution
• Evaluation of disease potentials

7
Isolation of Pasteurella from multiple sources
Objective 1

• Bighorn sheep from 14 western states, British
  Columbia and Alberta Canada
• Domestic sheep on private land and on bighorn
  sheep habitat
• Additional animal sources
• Archived collection of gt6,000 isolates

8
Biovariant Classification System (M.D. Jaworski,
et al., Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic
Investigation 1998 1049-55)

• Biovariants determined by differences in
• Fermentation of
• -Trehalose
• -Xylose
• -Arabinose
• -Salicin
• -Sorbitol
• -Cellobiose
• -Maltose
• Production of enzymes
• -Ornithine decarboxylase
• -a-Fucosidase
• -ß-Glucosidase
• -ß-Galactosidase
• Catalase

9
Benefits of biovariant identification

• Differentiates isolates into multiple groups
• Provides basis to detect geographic and host
  distribution
• First step in identification of Pasteurella types
  colonizing individual animals and populations
  (Population compatibilities?)
• First step in detecting transmission of strains
  between individual animals or populations
• Number of biovariants
• identified to date
• P. multocida 32
• P. haemolytica 184
• P. trehalosi 45

10
DNA Fingerprinting

• Allows differentiation, as well as tracking
  transmission, of unique strains(M.D. Jaworski,
  et al., Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1993
  31831-835)
• Restriction Enzyme analysis (REA)
• Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
• Provides second step to evaluate
• compatibilities of animal populations

11
Pasteurella dendogram
Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida a (Weiser
et al., Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2003
39536-544)
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
12
Bighorn sheep pneumonia epizootic a case
study (Rudolph et al., Journal of Wildlife
Diseases in review)

• Disease in Hells Canyon in 1995-96 after contact
  with a feral goat (30 augmentations)
• 72 sheep were removed to prevent disease spread
• Multiple strains of each P. multocida, trehalosi,
  haemolytica were isolated
• Mycoplasma sp was isolated from 5
• PI-3 virus isolated from lung of one sheep
• Serological tests suggestive of active PI-3 and
  RSV viral infections
• DNA profiles did not incriminate goats

13
Conclusions

• Essentially all animals harbor Pasteurellaceae
• Most Pasteurellaceae strains have narrow host
  range
• Pasteurella spp are very diverse
• Multiple procedures used for strain
  differentiation
• Multiple factors associated with strain disease
  potential
• Pasteurella strains indigenous in bighorn
  populations critical factor to be considered
  prior to translocation of animals

14
Questions?
Presentation Created by Vienna Ward