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The Church of Vatican Council II

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Title: The Church of Vatican Council II


1
Chapter 11
  • The Church of Vatican Council II
  • 1950-1977

2
Spiritual and Moral Crisis
  • End of World War II
  • World, specifically Europe, in chaos
  • Evils of the 20th century
  • Mass bloodshed of two major wars
  • Jewish Holocaust
  • Nuclear Weapons
  • Communism
  • Colonialism
  • Church as a voice of spiritual and moral concern

3
Pre-Vatican II Church
  • Four main issues
  • Nuclear Weapons
  • Necessity to address the issue of warfare
  • Communism
  • In the wake of Nazism and Fascism, communism
    began to spread throughout the world
  • Led to the subversion of the Church in many
    nations
  • Global Community
  • Movement away from colonialism to freedom and
    democracy for the nations of the world
  • Liberation Movements
  • Improved rights for women, minorities
  • Liberation Theology beginning in Latin America

4
Angelo Roncalli
  • Angelo Roncalli
  • Born in a peasant family in northern Italy
  • Archbishop Roncalli
  • Served in Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey
  • Began to dialogue with people from other
    religions
  • Able to secure safe passage for European Jews
  • Served in France after WWII
  • Helped to solidify the Churchs presence in the
    new French republic
  • Became Patriarch for Venice
  • Elected Pope John XXIII in 1958
  • Referred to himself as a transitional pope
  • Called the Second Vatican Council in 1959

5
Second Vatican Council
  • Twenty-third ecumenical council
  • Only the second since the Council of Trent in
    1545
  • Aggiornamento
  • The spirit of updating the Church that Pope John
    XXIII wanted to underlie Vatican II
  • open the windows and let in fresh air
  • Updating the Church to fit the needs of the
    modern world
  • October 11, 1962
  • 2,500 bishops processed into St. Peters
  • 500 from South America
  • 118 from Africa
  • 126 from Asia
  • Four Sessions
  • Produced Sixteen documents
  • Four Constitutions (most important)
  • Nine Decrees
  • Three Declaration

6
Theology of Grace
  • Pre-Vatican II
  • dispensed by the Church
  • only for Catholics
  • could be earned
  • Post-Vatican II
  • a gift from God
  • offered to all
  • absolutely and completely free

7
The Church itself
  • Pre-Vatican II
  • the reign of God on earth
  • not in need of reform
  • mainly composed of its hierarchy
  • Post-Vatican II
  • a mystery a sign of Gods reign on earth
  • always in need of reform
  • the people of God

8
Major turning point
  • Its not so much what the church teaches that
    matters . . .
  • Its who the church is and how it behaves that
    signals the world about Gods love
  • Its not so much what is the Church?
  • Its how is the Church being behaving in the
    world?

9
What does this mean?
  • Pre-Vatican II
  • language was terse, technical, juridical
  • it was often punitive -- Anathema sit
  • believe this or else!
  • follow this law, or else!
  • a need to prove ones enemies wrong
  • many condemnations and excommunications
  • unforgiving to ones enemies

10
More on this . . .
  • Post-Vatican II
  • language is invitational come and see
  • sounds like the writings of the early mothers and
    fathers of the church
  • no penalties, no condemnations, only love
  • the language of the Council the art of
    persuasion, of finding common ground
  • win assent based on the soundness of our
    teachings, rather than on force

11
How do we see this?
  • Vatican II moved away from top down thinking
    and behavior
  • To a way of thinking that is more horizontal
  • words like cooperation
  • partnership
  • and collaboration keep occurring
  • Also, significantly, collegiality
  • Repeatedly The People of God

12
How do we see this?
  • Vatican II called the church to a way of
    ministry, less like controlling
  • And more like serving!
  • the bishop stands among his people as one who
    serves -- Decree on Bishops
  • Immense pastoral implications
  • Combined with revision of canon law
  • we now seek pastoral solutions
  • rather than legal solutions

13
How do we see this?
  • Used words not heard in the Church for many
    centuries
  • development of doctrine
  • progress in matters of the church
  • even evolution
  • Left its own documents somewhat open ended
  • which confounds those who want no reform
  • who believe the Church is perfect as it is

14
How do we see this?
  • Vatican II did not use the vocabulary of
    exclusion
  • Condemned no one, despite pressure to
  • Filled with words of friendship
  • brother and sister churches
  • men and women of good will
  • First documents ever addressed to the whole world
  • the world was in the room, after all!

15
How do we see this?
  • Vatican II began to call all Catholics,
    Christians, and people of good will to active
    participation
  • This replaced absolute passive observance of the
    liturgy, for example . . .
  • Pastoral implications are huge
  • how we pray is how we believe!
  • how we believe is how we behave!
  • We are actively involved in the world!

16
The Councils Impact
  • Liturgy
  • Eucharist as source summit
  • Church Identity The People of God
  • The Church in the Modern World
  • Universal Call to Holiness
  • Flowing from Baptism
  • Role of Laity
  • Marketplace Church
  • Religious Freedom
  • Informed conscience
  • The Call to Discipleship
  • We are in communion for mission!

17
Pope Paul VI
  • Cardinal Giovanni Montini was elected Paul VI
    after the death of John XXIII
  • First Cardinal appointed by John XXIII
  • Immediately announced that Vatican II would
    continue
  • Identified his four goals for the council
  • The Church must impart to herself and to the
    world a new awareness of her inner nature
  • There must be a renewal and reform of the Church
  • The Church should work to bring about Christian
    unity
  • The Church should be in dialogue with todays
    world

18
Paul VIs Legacy
  • Ecumenism
  • Actions aimed at dialogue and restoring unity
    among Christians
  • Traveled to meet other Christian leaders
  • First meeting with the Patriarch of
    Constantinople since 1054
  • Apologized at Vatican II to the other Christian
    sects if Catholics had caused any harm
  • Important moment of the Council
  • Social Justice
  • Supported efforts to bring justice to oppressed
    people, especially in Latin America
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