Major Events during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

1
Major Events during the First Half of the
Nineteenth Century
2
Who was the first president of the United States?

• George Washington

3
Define political party.

• A group of people with similar beliefs about how
  to run the government.

4
What were the first two political parties?

• Federalists
• Democratic-Republicans ( also called simply
  Republicans)

5
Who led the Federalists?

• Alexander Hamilton
• John Adams

6
What were the beliefs of the Federalists?

• Strong national government
• Industrial economy (factories or manufacturing)

7
What groups supported the Federalists?

• Bankers
• Businessmen

8
What part of the country gave the Federalists
their strongest support?

• Northeast (New England)

9
Who led the Republicans?

• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison

10
What were the beliefs of the Democratic-Republican
s?

• Weak national government
• Strong state governments
• Agricultural economy (farming)

11
What region gave the strongest support to the
Democratic-Republicans?

• The South

12
What groups supported the Democratic-Republicans?

• Farmers
• Artisans (Skilled Craftsmen)
• Frontier Settlers

13
Who was elected president in 1800?

• Thomas Jefferson

14
What president bought the Louisiana Territory?

• Thomas Jefferson

15
From what country did the United States purchase
the Louisiana Territory?

• France

16
How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size
of the United States?

• Doubled it

17
Who did President Jefferson send to explore the
Louisiana Territory?

• Lewis and Clark

18
Where did the Louisiana Territory lie?

• West of the Mississippi River

19
Who was the guide for the Lewis and Clark
Expedition?

• Sacajawea

20
What war lasted from 1812 to 1815?

• The War of 1812

21
What two countries fought the War of 1812?

• The United States
• Great Britain

22
What territory did the United States claim after
the War of 1812?

• The Oregon Territory

23
What territory did the United States acquire in
1819?

• Florida

24
From what country did the United States acquire
Florida?

• Spain

25
Who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
during the first 30 years of the 19th century?

• John Marshall

26
To what political party did John Marshall belong?

• The Federalists

27
Why were the Marshall courts decisions important?

• Made the federal courts a co-equal branch of the
  United States government

28
How did the Supreme Court rule in Marbury v.
Madison?

• Declared a federal law unconstitutional

29
What is the power of judicial review?

• A courts power to declare a law unconstitutional

30
What is the Supreme Courts main check on the
power of Congress?

• Judicial Review

31
How did the Marshall court rule in McCulloch v.
Maryland?

• Forbid the states from taxing agencies of the
  federal government
• Declared a Maryland state law unconstitutional

32
Who said the power to tax is the power to
destroy?

• John Marshall

33
Why was McCulloch v. Maryland important?

• Established the power of the federal government
  over the states
• Strengthened the federal courts power of
  judicial review

34
What issue did the Monroe Doctrine involve?

• Foreign Policy

35
What set forth the basic principles of American
foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the
19th century?

• The Monroe Doctrine

36
What were the 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine?
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• No more European colonies in the Americas
• Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics
  countries in Europe were monarchies
• If European countries threatened any country in
  Americas, then they threatened the United States
• U.S. would stay out of European affairs

38
What continents are in the Western Hemisphere?

• North America
• South America

39
What is a republic?

• A Representative Democracy
• The People elect representatives to make the laws

40
Who rules in monarchies?

• Kings and Queens

41
What was the most important point of the Monroe
Doctrine?

• European countries should stay out of the affairs
  of the Western Hemisphere

42
What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for
American presidents ?

• American presidents would consider it a threat to
  the United States, if European countries meddled
  with countries in the Western Hemisphere

43
What were two trends in American life during the
first half of the 19th century?

• Westward Movement
• Economic Development

44
What type of economy developed in the North
during the first half of the 19th century?

• An Industrial Economy

45
What two transportation improvements encouraged
westward movement and economic development?

• Canals
• Railroads

46
Who invented the cotton gin?

• Eli Whitney

47
What did the cotton gin do?

• Separated cotton seeds from the cotton fiber

48
What did the cotton gin cause to spread
throughout the Deep South?

• The Cotton Kingdom based on African-American
  slavery

49
Did the cotton gin increase or decrease the
demand for slaves?

• Increased

50
What resulted from American immigration into
Texas?

• An armed revolt against Mexican rule

51
What happened at the Battle of the Alamo?

• The Mexican army killed all the Texans.

52
What later happened when the Texans defeated the
Mexican army?

• Texas gained its independence.

53
What action did the U.S. eventually take in
regard to Texas?

• Annexed Texas
• Added Texas to the U.S.

54
What idea provided political support for
territorial expansion?

• Manifest Destiny

55
What was Manifest Destiny?

• The belief that it was Gods will for the United
  States to stretch from the Atlantic to the
  Pacific Ocean

56
What war lasted from 1846 to 1848?

• The Mexican War

57
What two countries fought in the Mexican War?

• The United States
• Mexico

58
Who won the Mexican War?

• The United States

59
What was the Mexican Cession?

• The territory the United States got from Mexico
  at the end of the Mexican War

60
What present-day states were part of the Mexican
Cession?
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• California
• Nevada
• Utah
• Arizona
• part of Colorado
• part of New Mexico