EFFICIENCY OF SOME LOCAL PLANTS ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST SEEDBORNE AND SEED TRANSMITED FUNGI OF RICE KA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EFFICIENCY OF SOME LOCAL PLANTS ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST SEEDBORNE AND SEED TRANSMITED FUNGI OF RICE KA

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Title: EFFICIENCY OF SOME LOCAL PLANTS ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST SEEDBORNE AND SEED TRANSMITED FUNGI OF RICE KA


1
EFFICIENCY OF SOME LOCAL PLANTS ESSENTIAL OIL
AGAINST SEED-BORNE AND SEED TRANSMITED FUNGI OF
RICEKABORE K.B1.   KOÏTA E1.  OUEDRAOGO I1.
et NEBIE R2. (1) Institut de lEnvironnement et
de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)(2) Institut de
Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et
Technologies  Département Substances
Naturelles (IRSAT) Burkina Faso
2
HEADLINES
  • Introduction
  • Objectives
  • Materials and Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusions and Perspectives
  • Aknowledgement

3
INTRODUCTION
  • Importance of rice as food crop
  • Biotic Constraints to production
  • Seed-borne fungi as major mean of rice diseases
    transmission and dissemination.
  • Increasing dependance of rice roduction upon the
    use of conventionnal pesticides.
  • Negative impact on Environment and health
  • Need in research of alternate biopesticides
  • Research Hypotheses Some traditionnal local
    plant species used as medical substances could
    have fungicide properties (Kaboré et al.,2002)

4
OBJECTIVES
  • OVERALL OBJECTIVE
  • Identify local plant species with bio pesticides
    properties that can be used in agriculture.
  • SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
  • Identify local plant species with essential oil
    presenting fongicide properties
  • Determine efficient level of application of
    essential oil for rice seed treatment against
    fungal mycoflor.

5
MATERIAL AND METHODS (contd)
  • local plants species used for study
  • Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. Common french
    name citronnelle (Poaceae )
  • Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov ( Poaceae )
  • Lippia multiflora Moldenke, (Verbenaceae) Common
    french name thé de Gambie
  • Ocimum basilicum L, (Lamiaceae).

6
MATERIAL AND METHODES
  • Rice variety used IR6623275-5-12
  • Seed-borne fungi and their contamination level
    ()
  • Bipolaris oryzae 28,5
  • Curvularia oryzae 11,5
  • Curvularia lunata 13,5
  • Fusarium moniliforme 48,5
  • Phoma sorghina 19,5

7
Cymbopogon citratus
8
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10
MATERIAL AND METHODS (contd)
  • Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation
    with a Clevenger apparatus from fresh leaves
    collected from the different species during rainy
    season 2004.
  • Essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L., Cymbopogon
    citratus (DC) Stapf, Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov.
    et Lippia multiflora Moldenke was used at the
    concentration of 1  1,5 et 2 corresponding
    respectively to 10 ml, 15 ml et 20 ml per litre
    of media ( PDA)

11
MATERIAL AND METHODS (contd)
  • The conventionnal control for cereal seed
    treatment fungicide was Calthio DS ( 20 of
    Lindane and 25 of Thiram. This product was
    incorporated into the media (2,5 g per litre of
    PDA media)
  • Seed treatment
  • Seed health testing by the blotter method
  • Four replicates of 50 seed (25 seeds per Petri
    dish) were soaked for 20 to 24 hours in essential
    oil emulsion (1, 1,5 and 2)
  • Incubation à 22C

12
MATERIAL AND METHODS (contd)
  • Radial growth measurement of the fungi
  • Essential oils were incorporated into the PDA
    media at the concentration of 1, 1,5 and 2.
  • Petri disheswere incubated at 28C under
    alternate cycles of 12h of NUV light and 12h
    of darkness.
  • Measurement of radial growth (cm) after 3, 5 , 7
    and 10 days of incubation (perpendicular
    diametre Method).
  • Experimental design Split plot with oils as
    main factor and concentrations as secondary
    factor.

13
MATERIAL AND METHODS (contd)
  • Efficiency of extracts (Greche et Hajjaji,
    2000) 
  • E() 100DMT-DMH/ DMT
  • where DMT represents the mean diametre of the
    control (non treated) and DMH the mean diametre
    of the treatment with essential oil.
  • Data were analysed for ANOVA with STATVIEW/SAS
    software and the means were separated by the
    Student- Newman- Keuls test

14
RESULTS
15
ANOVA
  • ANOVA indicated significant différencies between
    the traetments for the test of radial growth of
    the fungi as well as the test of seed germination
  • No significant difference was observed between
    the tested concentrations

16
Efficiency of essential oils
  • All the four tested essential oils inhibited the
    radial growth of the fungi Bipolaris oryzae,
    Curvularia lunata Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma
    sorghina.
  • When considering the different concentrations,
    these oils reduced significantly the incidence of
    the four seed-borne fungal species as compared to
    the controls.

17
a b c d e Pétri
dishes presenting efficiency of C. Citratus
essential oil against Curvularia
lunata (aconcentration 1, bconcentration 1,5
, cconcentration 2 , dnon treated control ,
e control calthio).
18
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19
Global seed contamination following treatment
with essential oil
20
Incidence of Seed borne fungi after seed
treatment with essential oil (B. oryzae, C.
lunata, F. moniliforme et P. sorghina
21
DISCUSSION
  • Essential oil of C. citratus, C. giganteus, L.
    multiflora and O. basilicum reduced significantly
    the incidence of seed contamination by the fungi
    and inhibited the radial growth of fungal
    colonies as compared to the different controls.
  • The presence of citral in the essential oil of
    C. citratus (Djibo., 2000), and also the presence
    of oxygenous components like linalol and eugénol
    in essential oil of O. basilicum (Nébié et al.,
    2002) could explain antifungic properties of
    these two plant species.

22
DISCUSSION (Contd)
  • These results are comparable to those of Dongma
    (2002) who evaluated in vito the antifungic
    activity of essential oil of Citrus limon and
    Citrus latifolia against the inciting fungus of
    citrus phaeoramulariosis  (Phaeoramularia
    angolensis).
  • Concerning the seed germination test by the
    blotter method, essential oils of C. citratus and
    C. giganteus were highly efficient against the
    fungi but were slightly phytotoxic. Dabiret
    (2004) came to the same conclusion that essential
    of the genus Cymbopogon has a negative effect on
    seed germination.

23
CONCLUSIONS
  • Essential oils of C. citratus, C. giganteus, L.
    multiflora and O. basilicum have antifongic
    properties.
  • For the firts time, efficency of L. multiflora
    oil in improving the germination capacity of rice
    seed under laboratory conditions was
    demonstrated.
  • Essential oil of Lippia did not exhibited any
    phytotoxic effect at the tested concentrations as
    compared to oils of Cymbopogon, and Ocimum
    moreover it reduced by up to 28,81 the
    incidence of seed-borne and seed-transmitted
    fungi.

24
PERSPECTIVES
  • The tested concentrations of some essential oils
    used in this study should be lowered because of
    the observed phytotoxicity they produced on the
    seed germination tested by the blotter method..

25
AKNOWLEDGEMENTWe like to thank Adama OUATTARA
and Raphaël SANOU for their technical
contribution to the realization of the present
work .
26
Thank you for your attention
ASANTE SANA
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