NPOESS Entering a New Era National Polarorbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Deliveri

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NPOESSEntering a New EraNational
Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental
Satellite SystemDelivering Global Data Polar
Max ConferenceJohn D. CunninghamSystem
Program DirectorOctober 21, 2004
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Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities

• Mission
• Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting
  remote-sensing capability
• Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings
  by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs
• Incorporate new technologies from NASA
• Encourage International Cooperation

1730
1330
2130
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
Saves as much as 1.3B from the cost of
previously planned separate developments
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Building A More Capable SystemThe Historical
Context
First Image from TIROS-1
EOS-Aqua MODIS Image-250 m
Saharan Dust off the Canary Islands 18 February
2004
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NPOESS Requirements
Convergence of Alternatives

• Integrated Operational Requirements Document
  (IORD-I)
• 59 Data Products
• 9 Enhancement Products
• 1 System Characteristic KPP
• Validated by JARC 1996
• IORD-II
• 55 Data Products
• 21 Enhancement Products
• 2 System Characteristic KPPs
• Validated by JARC Dec 2001

Convergence of Requirements
Converged Requirements Provide Foundation for
Combined Program
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Atmospheric Vertical Temperature ProfileHighly
accurate measurement of the vertical distribution
of temperature in the atmosphere in layers from
the surface to 0.01 mb
Integrated Operational Requirements Document
(IORD) Example

• Major Applications
• Initialization of Numerical Weather Prediction
  Models
• Complementary data for derivation of
  moisture/pressure profiles and cloud properties

Iterative, Disciplined Requirements Process
Ensures Users Needs are Met
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NPOESS EDR-to-Sensor Mapping
Cloud Top Pressure
Atm Vert Moist Profile
Precipitable Water
Atm Vert Temp Profile
Precipitation Type/Rate
Cloud Top Temperature
Down LW Radiance (Sfc)
Imagery
Pressure (Surface/Profile)
Sea Surface Temperature
Down SW Radiance (Sfc)
Sea Ice Characterization
Electric Fields
Sea Surface Winds
Sea SFC Height/TOPO
Soil Moisture
Electron Density Profile
Snow Cover/Depth
Energetic Ions
Aerosol Optical Thickness
Solar Irradiance
Aerosol Particle Size
Geomagnetic Field
Supra-Therm-Aurora Prop
Ice Surface Temperature
Aerosol Refractive Index
Surface Type
In-situ Plasma Fluctuation
Albedo (Surface)
Active Fires (Application product)
Auroral Boundary
In-situ Plasma Temp
Surface Wind Stress
Ionospheric Scintillation
Auroral Energy Deposition
Suspended Matter
Med Energy Chgd Parts
Auroral Imagery
Total Water Content
Land Surface Temp
Cloud Base Height
Vegetative Index
Net Heat Flux
Cloud Cover/Layers
LEGEND
Net Solar Radiation (TOA)
Cloud Effective Part Size
Neutral Density Profile
Cloud Ice Water Path
VIIRS (24)
CMIS (19)
Cloud Liquid Water
Ocean Color/Chlorophyll
CrIS/ATMS (3)
Cloud Optical Thickness
Ocean Wave Character
OMPS (1)
Outgoing LW Rad (TOA)
Cloud Particle Size/Distrib
SESS (13)
O3 Total Column Profile
Cloud Top Height
- Key Performance Parameters
To be moved to P3I when SESS change implemented
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Pre-Planned Product Improvement (P3I) EDR
Candidates
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NPOESS Acquisition and Operations (AO) Overview

• Contract awarded on August 23, 2002 to Northrop
  Grumman Space Technology
• Contract consists of
• 6 satellites
• Taking over all government instrument contracts
• Buying all leveraged instruments
• Integrating Government-provided instruments (ADCS
  and SARSAT)
• Building and deploying all ground segments
• Command, Control and Communications (C3)
• Interface Data Processing (IDP)
• Software for worldwide users (field terminals)
• System Operations through IOC (2011)
• with option to 2020

A Shared System Performance Responsibility
(SSPR) Contract
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Program Schedule

• 2002 AO Contract Award
• 2003 NPP Delta Critical Design Review
• 2005 NPOESS ?Preliminary Design Review
• 2006 NPOESS Critical Design Review
• NPP Ground Readiness
• 2006 NPP Launch
• 2009 NPOESS Ground Readiness
• 2009 NPOESS C1 Launch
• 2011 NPOESS C2 Launch
• Field Terminal Segment Readiness
• Initial Operational Capability
• 2013 NPOESS C3 Launch

Reliable and timely collection, delivery, and
processing of quality environmental data
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NPOESS Operational Concept
2. Downlink Raw Data
1. Sense Phenomena
3. Transport Data to Centrals for Processing
Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to
Centrals
Field Terminals
SafetyNetReceptors
4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to
Centrals
Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements
AFWA
NESDIS/NCEP
MMC (Suitland) Schriever MMC
FNMOC
NAVO
Full Capability at each Central
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NPOESS Satellite and Sensors
X change since last Maxi
Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor
Locations and ring Data Bus Allows Rapid
Reconfiguration and Easy Integration
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NPOESS Top Level Architecture
GPS
SpaceSegment
NPP(1030)
NPOESS1330
NPOESS1730
NPOESS2130
Low Rate Data/High Rate Data(LRD/HRD)
Command ControlSegment
NPP Science Data Segment
Field Terminal Segment
Svalbard
CLASS
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites
FNMOC
NAVOCEANO
AFWA
NESDIS/NCEP
Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland
Alternate MMCat Schriever AFB
Interface Data Processing Segment
NOAA Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship
System
NPP Data Control Flow
NPOESS Data Control Flow
CLASS
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SafetyNet The Key to Low Data Latency and High
Data Availability
Portugal
75 of NPOESS Data Products at the Nations
Weather Centrals within 15 min........the rest
in under 30 min
Forteleza
Perth
SafetyNet -- 15 globally distributed SMD
receptors linked to the centrals via commercial
fiber -- enables low data latency and high data
availability
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NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline
Requirement 95 of data delivered within 28
min. Capability Delivering in 23.6 minutes
Requirement gt77 of data delivered within 15
min. Capability Delivering 80.3
Average lt 10 min
Earliest Data Delivered lt 3 min
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Average Data Latency
Latency (minutes)
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Mission Data Flow
Timely, Accurate, Reliable Data from Sensors to
Users
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NPP C3S Development Roadmap - Baseline
DCDR E03 (10/03)
CDA (9/03)
NPP GR E08 (3/06)
SAT Complete E07 (12/05)
NPP Launch (10/06)
FVS Sensor Sims Available (4/05)
Bld 1.2 Design
CUT / SWIC
QUAL
Bld 1.3 Design
QUAL
CUT / SWIC
QUAL
HW Checkout
HW Design
Segment Integration
Install
FIST
FAT
SAT
FVS in C3S Critical Path For SAT (Red Line) CT
Sim used for FAT
SO Validation
Delta-SAT

• FVS Sensor Sim Integration
• Sensor Sim integration pulled in by 2 months
• Schedule margin for sensor sim availability
  reduced

FVS QUAL
Sensor Sim Int.
SC Sim / GLS Development
SC Sim / GLS Int.
Bld 1.4 Design
CUT / SWIC

• Build 1.4
• Starts after MOR (7/05)
• Requires delta SAT

QUAL

• Build 1.4
• Go / No Go

NCT-4 (7/06)
NCT-1 (12/04)
NCT-2a (6/05)
NCT-2b (9/05)
NCT-3 (1/06)
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NPP IDPS Development RoadmapRequirements
CDA (8/03)
DCDR E03 (10/03)
NPP GR E08 (3/06)
SAT Complete E07 (12/05)
NPP Launch (10/06)
Effect of Bld 1.2 Qual Test Slip
Build 1.2 Design
CUT / SWIC
QUAL
CUT / SWIC
Bld 1.3 Design
QUAL
NESDIS Install
AFWA Install
SAT
Interface Testing (Build 1.4) MMC AFWA IDP
6/19-23/2006 NPP Op. Readiness Test 7/27
8/9/2006
CUT/SWIC
QUAL
1.4 Design
FAT/SAT Regression
Interface Testing (Build 1.4) MMC NESDIS IDP
4/13-20/2006
Interface Testing 11/2005 1/2006 MMC NESDIS
IDP 11/4-22 MMC AFWA IDP 12/19 1/9
NCT-1 (12/04)
NCT-2a (2/05)
NCT-2b (7/05) (1st NCT for IDPS)
NCT-3 (2/06)
NCT-4 (6/06)
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Comprehensive Risk Reduction

• Validate technological approach to remote sensing
• Early delivery of NPOESS data to users
• Sensor demonstrations on non-operational
  platforms
• Lower risk to operational users
• Lower risk of launch delays due to
• operational schedule
• Share cost risk among agencies

Proteus
WindSat
NASA ER2 / NAST
LORE
SOLSE
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Real-Time Operational Demonstrations
NPP (2006) CrIS/ATMS VIIRS OMPS
Coriolis WindSat (2003)
Aqua (2002) AIRS/AMSU/HSB MODIS
METOP (2005) IASI/AMSU/MHS AVHRR
NPOESS (2009) CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS
ERBS
Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved Weather
Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction
NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline Ground
Station Scenario
NWS/NCEP GSFC/DAO ECMWF UKMO FNMOC Meteo-France BM
RC-Australia Met Serv Canada
NOAA Real-time User
NWP Forecasts
IDPS
C3S
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
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WindSat Observes Hurricane Ivan September 9, 2004
Coriolis is proving CMIS will work
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NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)Joint IPO-NASA
Risk Reduction Demo

• NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace
  May 2002
• Instrument Risk Reduction 2006 Launch
• Early delivery / instrument-level test /
  system-level integration and test
• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)
• CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)
• ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
  (NASA)
• OMPS Ozone Mapping and Profile Suite (IPO)
• Provides lessons learned and allows time for any
  required modifications before NPOESS first
  launch
• Ground System Risk Reduction
• Early delivery and test of a subset of
  NPOESS-like ground system elements
• Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products
• Provides algorithms / instrument verification and
  opportunities for instrument calibration /
  validation prior to first NPOESS launch
• Allows for algorithm modification prior to first
  NPOESS launch
• Continuity of data for NASAs EOS Terra/Aqua/Aura
  missions

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NPP Space Available
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Instrument Status
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Development Sensor Highlights

• Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)
• Raytheon Santa Barbara Prototype in
  assembly/qual, flight unit in production
• 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution
• 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 mm
• Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains
• Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated
• EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and
  3000 km
• Crosstrack InfraRed Sounder (CrIS)
• ITT Ft Wayne Prototype in qualification, flight
  unit in production
• 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 mm) channels
• 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 mm) channels
• 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 mm) channels
• 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground
  center-to-center
• 2200 km swath width
• Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) -
  NASA
• Northrop Grumman Electronics Flight unit
  in protoqual
• CrIS companion cross track scan
• Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz
• Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz

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EDU Status by Subassembly
EDU testing begins in November!!
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FU1 Status by Subassembly
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CrIS Sensor-Level TPMs
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CrIS EDU3 Ambient Performance Demonstrates
Excellent Correlation With CDR Flight Projections
CrIS is beating spec!!
SWIR Performance is Sensitive to Use of Doublet
Detector Optics in EDU3
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ATMS PFM Predicted NEDT Performance
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OMPS FPA Status Chart
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Development Sensor Highlights (cont.)

• Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)
  
  
  
  Boeing Space Systems Delta PDR complete
• 2.2 m antenna
• RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz
• Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz
• Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz
• 1700 km swath width
• Radio Interference (RFI) ECP complete,
  negotiations being wrapped up

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Leverage Sensor Highlights

• Radar Altimeter (ALT)
• Alcatel
• Measures range to ocean surface with a radar at
  13.5 GHz
• Corrects for ionosphere with 5.3 GHz radar
• Corrects for atmosphere with CMIS water vapor
  measurements
• Precise orbit determination with GPS
• Earths Radiation Budget Suite (ERBS)
  
• Northrop Grumman Space Technology
• Three spectral channels
• Total radiation measurement 0.3 to 50 mm
• Shortwave Vis and IR measurement 0.3 to 5 mm
• Longwave IR measurement 8 to 12 mm
• Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
  
• University of Colorado Agreements in
  place, design underway
• Two sensors for total irradiance (TIM) spectral
  irradiance (SIM)
• TIM measures total solar irradiance
• SIM measures spectral irradiance 200 to 2000 nm

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Highlights of Other Sensors

• Space Environment Sensor Suite (SESS)
  
• Ball Aerospace Final instrument suite
  being selected, ECP in negotiations
• Sensor suite collecting data on particles,
  fields, aurora, and ionosphere
• Suite includes a UV disk imager (BATC), charged
  particle detectors (Amptek/U. of Chicago),
  thermal plasma sensors (UTD)
• Will distribute suite on all 3 orbital planes
• Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search
  and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT)
  
  
  ITAR agreements
  done, first integration TIMs underway
• GFE to NPOESS from France and Canada
• ADCS supports global environmental applications
• SARSAT collects distress beacon signals
• Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS)
  
  Raytheon Santa Barbara
  Research Center Full development on hold pending
  NASA satellite Glory plans
• Aerosol characterizations of size, single
  scattering albedo, aerosol refractive index,
  aerosol phase function
• Multispectral (broad, 0.4 to 2.25 mm)
• Multiangular (175 angles)
• Polarization (all states)

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P3I

• Pre-Planned Product Improvement

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NPOESS P3I

• Need for continued evolution recognized from the
  very beginning of NPOESS program
• P3I requirements in paras 1.6 and 4.1.6.8 of IORD
  II
• NASAs role in NPOESS (per PDD) is technology
  development
• P3I is built into the NPOESS program to
• Respond to changing/modified user needs
• To track, monitor, and respond to identified
  user products that the current NPOESS system can
  not implement due to technological constraints.
• Two forms of NPOESS P3I are envisioned
• Modification of existing sensor to accomplish
  need
• New sensor development required to implement need

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Polar WV Loops Winds improve
Wx Fcst
sfc
mid-trop
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So how do we do this. . . . ?

• VIIRS does have a requirement to measure water
  vapor
• VIIRS DOES NOT have a requirement to image water
  vapor
• So how do we do this
• Modify VIIRS by adding a 6.7µ channel
• Requires redesign of sensor in midwave to long
  wave band split
• Treat as a block change in our production
  satellites
• First steps already taken by purchasing
  lenslets before vendor went out of business
• Change will take additional funds

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Microlens Fabrication

• Integrated Microlens arrays improve noise
  performance in IR bands
• Focus energy on detector, allow use of smaller
• detectors
• --Alignment critical 0.0025mm position
• accuracy
• --Each lens 500µm across
• - Bonded directly to detector and filter array

Proper etch depth achieved for radiometric bands
? Etch depth achieved? Registration and spacing
achieved
RSC Si Master Mask
ZTO Si Master Mask for 100 Fill Factor Approach
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CrIS Full Resolution Capability

• CrIS data fidelity was reduced to constrain data
  bandwidth prior to system source selection
• Full resolution is measured by the instrument
• What we had
• Band Data provided Resolution (cm-1)
• Short Fourth 2. 5
• Mid Half 1.25
• Long Full .625
• What were doing
• Examining capability to bring down full data
• Not a data rate problem due to 1394a data bus
• Studying best way to modify sensor
• Running simulations to show performance as part
  of the value trade
• Plan
• Complete study this winter, determine
  cost/benefit trades
• Present to SUAG

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Status

• IPO recognized user need for detailed interface
  
  information is essential
  for successful proposal
• Commissioned NGST to develop payload manual
• Provides detailed requirements and information
• Defines several levels of P/L (based on
  complexity)
• Status
• Midterm review held in June
• Final report/manual out in Oct

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How Were Going to Do This

• Announcement of opportunity
• Define dates, selection rules
• Establish priorities for NPOESS P3I needs
• Use NASA New Millennium and DoD Space Experiment
  Review Board (SERB) process to disseminate AOR
• Also ensures parent agency support
• IPO board review proposals, select candidates

Interested??... Talk to Mr Stan Schneider, our
Associate Director for Tech Transition
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Landsat Data Continuity Missionon NPOESS
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White House Direction on Landsat
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OLI Accommodation on NPOESS
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NPOESS C1 (2130 orbit) Provides Ample Mass and
Power Margin for OLI
Mass
Power
Margins to host additional missions designed into
NPOESS from beginning
Mass/power budgets from include P/L and S/C
contingency
Mass margin 32 Power margin 34
NPOESS C1 literally has greater than one ton of
mass margin and over 1 kW of power margin
available to support OLI
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NPOESS Program Schedule EMD Replan
Last NOAA (N) Launch
Last DMSP (F-20) Launch
CY
Mar
May
02 03 04 05
06 07 08
09 10 11
PAC
CDR
D PDR
IBR
Before Replan
Feb
Oct
Apr
Apr
Apr
Replan Slip
Apr
After Replan
NPP Sensors Delivered
NPP Launch
Oct
Nov
Mar
May
NPOESS Grnd Ready
Feb
Mar
Mar
Aug
NPP Grnd Ready
C1 Avail (as 2130)
Nov
Apr
C1 Avail (as 1330)
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NPOESS Program Schedule Production Replan
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Improved Sensor Technology Provides New Weather
Insights
Increased spectral availability allows
discrimination of tough weather problems
Dust cloud Over sand
DMSP/POES OLS / AVHRR 1 vis band 1 to 5 IR bands
Tough Problems Solved
Gray shades
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Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy
NPOESS
Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone
Forecast Accuracy Reduced Impact on Maritime
Forces
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Advanced Sensors Critical forOcean Predictions
Altimeter
Operational Global Ocean Modeling
Regional Scale Modeling Assimilation
VIRRS
Sea Surface Height (SSH)
Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS)
NPOESS EDRsSSH and SSTwill be
Critical, Fundamental Components of the
Militarys Ocean Analysis and Prediction
Capability
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
Wave Surf Modeling /Assimilation
Bathymetry Gravity
Warfare Applications
Tide Modeling
Active Passive Acoustic Propagation Predictions
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Summary

• Program is making solid progress
• Technical issues eating margin but were OK
• Finished FY04 in the black
• Instruments will all be in test by the end of the
  year
• Preliminary tests show excellent performance!!
• Budget support appears fine
• There ARE technical challenges
• VIIRS has faced and overcome significant
  technical problems
• OMPS detectors are pacing assembly and test
• CrIS and ATMS are doing fine in test

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