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European Colonialism and Imperialism

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Title: European Colonialism and Imperialism


1
European Colonialism and Imperialism
2
What was Colonialism?
3
Colonialism
  • Oxford English Dictionary definition an
    alleged policy of exploitation of backward or
    weak peoples by a large power.
  • Must involve colonies

4
What was Imperialism?
5
Imperialism
  • OED the policy of extending the rule or
    influence and power of one people/ruler/country
    over another
  • Many forms and degrees
  • Economic influence
  • opening (i.e. China and Japan)
  • Colonialism

6
The Rise of Global Inequality
  • In 1750 European standard of living about the
    same as the Rest of the world
  • Industrial Revolution left the Rest behind,
    Britain leading
  • Non-Western parts of the world stagnated
  • Imperialism extended these gains
  • The Rest are still recovering

7
Economic imperialism
  • Growing World Market
  • Globalization
  • Why?

8
Trade became faster, more efficient. How?
  • Railroads, after 1830

9
Steam ships
10
Suez Canal (completed 1869)
11
Suez Canal (completed 1869)
12
Panama Canal (completed 1914)
13
Panama Canal (completed 1914)
14
From the mid-nineteenth century France, Germany,
and Britain invested massively abroad
15
The Opening of China and Japan
  • Opium triangle Britain-India-China
  • Opium wars 1839-1860
  • British force Qing Dynasty to trade Opening
    of China
  • China divided into spheres of influence
  • US Navy forced Japan to open its ports to foreign
    trade (1853-1858).

16
Emigration from Europe, 1800s
  • The Great Migration
  • Population of Europe increased from 188 million
    to 432 million between 1800 and 1900
  • An underestimate, because between 1815 and 1932
    60 million people left Europe
  • Emigration peaked, 1900-1914
  • About one third of all European emigrants came
    from Britain and Ireland
  • German emigration peaked later (1880s) than
    British, and Italians and East Europeans left
    even later (increasing through 1914).

17
Emigration from Europe (cont.)
  • Less than half of European emigrants went to the
    USA.
  • Others went to Asiatic Russia, Canada, Argentina,
    Brazil, Australia, and New Zealand.
  • Most European migrants were young, unmarried
    peasant farmers or village craftsmen.
  • Some ethnic groups, such as Italians or those
    from the Balkans, had a high rate of return to
    their homelands.
  • For some emigrants, such as Jews from the Russian
    empire, and the Irish in the British empire,
    emigration was an escape from oppression and
    poverty.
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