Introduction to Aquaculture

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Introduction to Aquaculture

• Laura Tiu
• Aquaculture Specialist
• Ohio Center for Aquaculture Development
• OSU South Centers at Piketon

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Aquaculture/Fish Farming

• The rearing of aquatic organisms under controlled
  or semi-controlled conditions

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Peter F. Drucker

• Its going to be fish farming, he said,
  because on the oceans we are still hunters and
  gathers.
• 20 years ago, all salmon and shrimp consumed was
  wild, today 60 of each is farmed.
• Oceans overfished, yield decreasing
• Population growth peaking in 25 years requires
  expansion of protein

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Peter F. Drucker

• Expansion of terrestrial domesticated animals is
  becoming increasingly expensive and, above all,
  increasingly detrimental to the environment
• The big problem for the next 20 years is the cost
  control of fish farming, too expensive today,
  however, the technology and demand are here.

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Global Status

• 70 of Commercial species fully exploited
• U.S. trade deficit is 7 billion for seafood
• Aquaculture supplies 10 of consumed seafood
  consumption is increasing
• Aquaculture needs to double by 2010
• 5xs by 2025
• Demand will increase
• 70 in next 30 years

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National Outlook

• Aquaculture development is a national interest
• 1 billion dollar Farm Gate in U.S.
• 5.6 billion economic impact
• 181,000 jobs
• 4000 farms

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Regional Outlook

• Midwest consume 1 billion pounds/year
• Midwest produces lt 2 of that
• 1000 producers
• Close to major population centers
• Good water

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Ohio Aquaculture

• OSU Aquaculture at Piketon
• In the 1998 census-33 farms
• Currently-168 permitted farms
• Ohios climate suitable for aquaculture
• Ohio has plenty of water
• Close to 3/4 of U.S. Population

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Ohio Status Report 2002

• 75 Farms are family operations
• 87 Not primary source of income
• 76 Less than 5000 annual profit
• 37 Food fish, 34 game fish, 21 fingerlings
• 66 ponds, 43 tanks, 13 cages
• YP 35, RT 33, LMB 29, BG 29, CCF 24, Minnows
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• 57 market to pond owners, 32 direct retail

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Grants Loans

• Are their grants available???
• Some, but most go to existing fish farmers
• SARE www.sare.org
• Tobacco farmers
• Loans
• Farm Service Agency
• www.fsa.usda.gov
• Family Farm Loan Guarantee
• Ohio Dept. Agriculture/Dev.
• 800-282-1955  
• http//www.state.oh.us/agr/guidelines.htm

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On-line Resources

• Websites
• www.aquanic.org
• worlds greatest aquaculture site!
• Really deep!
• Links to many other websites
• http//southcenters.osu.edu
• aqua-ohio list serve
• yellow perch list serve

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Printed Resources

• Newspaper
• Fish Farming News
• http//www.fish-news.com/ffn.htm
• 1-800-989-5253
• Magazine
• Aquaculture Magazine
• Buyers guide
• www.aquaculturemag.com
• 828-254-7334

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Networking Resources

• Associations
• Join the OAA!
• NAA
• Access to leaders in the industry
• Networking
• Impact
• Control of your industry

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Permitting Resources

• Ohio Department of Natural Resources
• Permitted annually according to your district
• Aquaculture
• A (unrestricted) - 50.00
• B (restricted) - 100.00 inspection
• These permits include transportation permit and
  bait dealers permit.
• Ohio EPA
• Storm water notice of intent
• Anything over 1 acre
• 200-500

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OSU South Centers _at_ Piketon?

• Laura Tiu, Aquaculture Specialist
• Geoff Wallat, Aquaculture Specialist
• Dr. Hanping Wang, Researcher
• Dean Rapp, Research Technician
• Christina Leighfield, Research Aide
• Paul OBryant, Research Aide

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Roadblocks to Aquaculture

• Limited Extension support
• Tough for small producer to make a profit
• Lack of Infrastructure
• Feed mills
• Live haulers
• Processors
• Fingerling supplies
• Marketing
• Fish Health Issues
• Environmental Issues

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What are my options?

• Production methods
• Ponds
• new construction 10,000.00/ac
• Cages
• existing water sources
• Indoor recirculation systems
• hog barns
• chicken/turkey barns
• expensive/technical

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Ponds

• 1/4 to 20 acres
• average of one acre in Ohio
• Suitable species
• yellow perch
• largemouth bass
• hybrid striped bass
• hybrid bluegill
• shrimp
• catfish
• baitfish

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Cages

• Cheapest way to start
• Uses existing water
• High mortalities
• Easy for one person
• Hard to get to commercial scale

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Recirculation

• Old Hog and Chicken Barns
• Expensive
• Year Round
• Future?

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Processing

• Must be HACCP certified to process fish
• Traditionally processed at Lake Erie Processing
  Plants
• Price dependent on wild supply
• Competition from Zander

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Processing

• Two new processing plants
• Focus on farm raised fish
• Niche markets
• Steady Price
• 3.00/lb
• Value-added products
• Breading

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Case Study Betty Jo

• New shrimp farmer
• Tobacco farmer
• Sunflowers
• Fair Pigs
• ½ acre 2003
• ½ acre 2004

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Case Study Bob

• Life-long fish farmer
• 3 brothers
• 12 seasonal
• 90 acres water
• Starting to diversify
• Shrimp
• Bait
• LMB
• Ohios 1st shrimp
• nursery 2004

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Case Study Tom

• New Farmer
• Former Hog Farmer
• Indoor Recirculation
• Perch, LMB, BG
• 2 Brothers
• Market locally
• Thinking about processing

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Aquaculture Resources

• Websites
• www.aquanic.org
• worlds greatest aquaculture site!
• Really deep!
• Links to many other websites
• http//southcenters.osu.edu
• aqua-ohio list serve
• yellow perch list serve

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We are here to help!