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World War I The Great War

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Title: World War I The Great War


1
World War IThe Great War
  • Starts August, 1914
  • Ends November, 1918
  • 25 million people died

2
WWI quotes...
  • The war to end all wars
  • - Woodrow Wilson
  • The war fought to make the world safe for
    democracy- Woodrow Wilson

3
Important dates for WW I.
  • June, 1914 -The Archduke Franz Ferdinand is
    assassinated
  • August, 1914 - World War I starts
  • March, 1917- Russian Revolution
  • April, 1917 - U.S. enters the war
  • Nov, 1918 - The armistice (Cease-fire)

4
Chapter 11 Sec. 1 WWI BeginsEssential
Questions
  • 1. What were the causes of WWI?
  • 2. What happened the first two years of the war?
  • 3. How did the US respond?
  • 4. What was US public opinion in regards to the
    war?
  • 5. Why did the US eventually declare war?

5
The M.A.I.N. causes of WWI...
  • MilitarismWeapons
  • AlliancesSecret
  • ImperialismEconomic
  • NationalismPride

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June, 1914 - The torch that set the world afire
with war...
  • Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the
    Austro-Hungarian Empire is assassinated in
    Sarajevo, Bosnia

9
The assassinGavrilo Princip
  • A Serbian nationalist trained in Serbia
  • The Black Hand

10
The assassination
11
Princip is captured
12
The funeral of Archduke Franz Sofia
Ferdinand
13
The chain of events
  • AFF assassinated in Bosnia
  • AH blames Serbia
  • AH makes harsh demands of Serbia
  • AH asks Germany for support
  • continued gtgtgt

14
The chain of events...
  • Germany responds with the blank check
  • Russia is allied with Serbia and mobilizes
  • Fearing a two front war Germany launches a plan

15
The Von Schlieffen Plan
  • Germanys plan was to hold the line against
    Russia (Dec. of War)
  • Germany was then to attack France
  • Germany marches through Belgium which brings
    Great Britain into the war

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Central Powers v. Allied Powers
  • Austro-Hungarian Empire
  • Germany
  • Ottoman Empire
  • Russia
  • Serbia
  • Belgium
  • France
  • Great Britain
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • United States

18
Americas response
  • President Wilsons message
  • Preparedness Movement- US should be ready for
    anything (Civilian Training)
  • Factors encouraging American sympathy for the
    Allies Trade, Money in Loans, and Cultural Ties
  • Ex. Great Britain
  • Why did some Americans support Germany?Ties to
    mother country

19
Americas response
  • The factors encouraging contempt for Germany
  • Allied Propaganda
  • Cutting of the Trans- Atlantic Cable by Great
    Britain
  • They were an Autocracy under Kaiser Wilhelm II,
    US a democracy

20
Violation of freedom of the seas
  • Germanys violation of freedom of the seas
  • U-Boat blockade of GB
  • Great Britains violation of freedom of seas
  • GB blockade of Germany

21
HMS Dreadnought
22
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare...
  • The sinking of the Lusitania May, 1915
  • The Uncivilized U-Boats, attack by stealth, and
    launch torpedoes
  • Wilsons diplomatic responseHarsh Words

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Burying the dead from the Lusitania
25
The election of 1916
  • Woodrow Wilson (D) vs Charles Evan Hughes (R)
  • Wilson has pushed for US neutrality, but were we
    neutral?
  • He kept us out of war
  • Wilson Wins!

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Reasons for American entry into WW I
  • Germany Resumes Unrestricted Submarine
    Warfare...
  • The Zimmerman Note (March,1917) German Letter to
    Mexico

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29
The Russian Revolution (1917)
  • The Russian government under Tsar Nicholas
  • Bolshevik Revolution (March, 1917)... Reds
  • Alexander Kerensky...Whites
  • Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky (Nov, 1917)...

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President Wilson delivers his War Message to
Congress April 2, 1917
33
The U.S. Declares WarApril 6, 1917
  • President Wilson requests a declaration of war
  • Senate approves 82 - 6 to declare war
  • The House votes 373 - 50 to declare war

34
Ch 11 Section 2 American Power Tips the Balance
35
Ch 11 Sec 2 American Power Tips the Balance
  • How did the US mobilize for war?
  • Where were US successes on the battlefield?
  • What were the new weapons of WWI?
  • What were the US offensives that helped end the
    war?

36
Raising the Manpower
  • Woefully unprepared
  • The Selective Service Act
  • American Expeditionary Force
  • The Convoy System
  • Doughboys
  • General John Pershing led the AEF

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WWI African Americans
  • Many were forced to work behind the lines jobs
  • The 369th Harlem Hellfighters fought with the
    French
  • US Troops were segregated black and white

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41
A.E.F. Doughboys
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43
The Convoy System
44
General Blackjack Pershing
45
Alvin York
  • Conscientious Objector
  • Meuse-Argonne
  • Killed 25 Germans
  • With help captured 32 more

46
Fighting on the western front 1914 to 1917...
  • the most gigantic, tenacious, grim, futile and
    bloody fight ever waged in the history of war.
    David Lloyd George

47
The Western Front France
  • Trench- Warfare
  • No mans land
  • Stalemate
  • New and more powerful weapons

48
In the trenches
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Manfred Von RichtohofenThe Red Baron
61
American Ace Eddie Rickenbacker
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Flame Thrower
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66
WW I Tank
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70
Significant battles US Involvement
  • Chateau Thierry
  • Belleau Wood
  • Mueuse-Argonne
  • Verdun
  • Final Armistice 11/11/18

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Fighting the war on the eastern front (Russia)
  • What were the results of fighting on the eastern
    front between 1914 and 1917?
  • Russia exits under Lenin when the USSR is
    established

73
Dead Wounded Stats
74
Allied Powers Mobilization, Dead, Wounded
Casualties
  • Country Dead Tot. Casual./ of
  • Mobilized Wounded
  • Russia 12m 1.7m 5.0m 9.2m/ 76
  • France 8.4m 1.4m 4.3m 6.2m/ 73
  • Britain 8.9m 900k 2.1m 3.2m/ 36
  • Italy 5.6m 650k 947k 2.2m/ 39
  • USA 4.4m 126k 234k 350k/ 8

75
Central Powers Mobilization, Dead, Wounded
Casualties
  • Country Dead Tot. Casual./
  • Mobilized Wounded
  • Germany 12M 1.7m 4.2m
  • Aust-H 7.8m 1.2m 3.6m 7m/ 90
  • Turkey 2.8m 325k 400k 1m/ 34
  • Bulgaria 1.2m 87.5k 152k 267k/ 22

76
Chapter 11 Sec. 3 The War at Home
77
Essential Questions
  • How did business and government cooperate during
    the war?
  • How did the government promote the war?
  • What attacks on civil liberties occurred?
  • What social changes affected women and African
    Americans?

78
Mobilizing hearts and minds with propaganda
  • George Creel head of the CPI
  • Committee for Public Information (CPI)US Gov.
    Propaganda
  • Various Creel Committee techniques

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Anti German hysteria
  • No German in schools
  • Increased alien hostility
  • German books music are banned
  • Name changes
  • Sauerkraut
  • Dauschund
  • Hamburger
  • Frankfurter

83
WW IRaising the Money
  • WWI will cost 35 billion
  • Money was raised two ways1.)Increase in Taxes
    and

84
2.)WW I Liberty Bond
85
Liberty Bond poster..
86
Support for Liberty Bonds
  • Sec. of the Treasury William McAdoo raised
    millions selling Liberty Bonds
  • Liberty Bond Booths were set up by the Boy/Girl
    Scouts
  • Four Minute Men Gave presentations in theaters
    to sell bonds
  • Hollywood stars helped out
  • EX. D. Fairbanks, C. Chaplin

87
Suppressing dissent
  • Espionage Act 1917- No aiding the enemy (10,000)
    20yrs
  • Sedition Act 1918 No Anti-US Language
    (10,000) 20yrs.
  • Government actions designed to suppress dissent
  • Eugene Debs jailed (1,500)
  • Schenck v. U.S. Free Speech can be limited if
    it posed a clear and present danger to the US

88
WW I Mobilization
  • unprecedented control of civilian life and the
    economy
  • National War Labor Board (NWLB) - Improved
    Wages and Hours
  • War Industries Board WIB, Headed by Bernard M.
    Baruch Conversion and Raw Materials

89
WW I Organized Labor
  • The AFL boomed and increased membership
  • The International Workers of the World (IWW) was
    a target

90
Womens Service in WWI
  • Held Home Front jobs
  • RR Workers, cooks, bricklayers, dock workers,
    coal miners, clerks, teachers, and helped to sell
    liberty bonds
  • Warfront Jobs of Women
  • Red Cross Nurses
  • Radio operators
  • Ambulance drivers

91
WW I Suffrage-The Womens Movement
  • National American Women Suffrage Association
    (NAWSA) Carrie Chapman Catt
  • National Womens Party Alice Paul

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WW I American Society
  • The economyGov. and Business in partnership
  • DemographicsGreat Migration of Blacks from South
    to the Northern US (Race Riots 1917-19)
  • Social behaviorMoral Changes
  • Moral reformsProhibition
  • Civilian life changes.. War effort

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The Food Administration ran by Herbert Hoover
  • Increasing and conserving American agriculture
    output

96
Government Agencies
  • Fuel Administration- Regulated fuel supplies gas,
    and heating oil
  • RR Administration- Regulated the RR system during
    the war

97
Influenza Epidemic
  • Fall of 1918, ¼ of the US Population was effected
  • Offices, Factories, Mines were shut down
  • Many AEF troops and Germans died
  • 30 million people died worldwide

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Ch 11 Section 4 Wilson Fights for Peace
101
Chapter 11 Sec. 4 Wilson Fights for Peace
  • What was Wilsons Fourteen Points?
  • Why did the Allies not agree with Wilson?
  • What was the Treaty of Versailles?
  • Why did the US Senate reject it?
  • What were some consequences of the war?

102
Wilsons 14 Points
  • How did Wilsons attempt to forge a peace based
    on the Fourteen Points?
  • Freedom of the seas, Self-Determination, A League
    of Nations, Free Trade, Low Tariffs, No Secret
    Alliances
  • Wilsons forced compromise

103
Making peace
  • Three phases
  • The armistice11/11/18
  • The Paris Peace Conference
  • The Treaty of Versailles
  • Wilsons political mistake prior to the Paris
    Peace Conference

104
The Hall of Mirrors
105
The Hall of Mirrors
106
The Big Four
107
The Big Four
  • Great Britain- David Lloyd George
  • France- Georges Clemenceau
  • Italy Vittorio Orlando
  • United States -Wilson

108
Great BritainDavid Lloyd George
109
France George Clemenceau
110
Italy Vittorio Orlando
111
The United StatesPresident Woodrow Wilson
112
Wilson arrives
113
Wilsons concerns at the Paris Peace Conference
114
Imperialism v. self determination
  • The Germans felt betrayed Loss of Colonies,
    Land, Armed Forces, and 33 billion in
    Reparations
  • War Guilt Clause placing full blame on Germany
  • Punishment not Peace!
  • The positive accomplishments of the Treaty of
    VersaillesAllies

115
Opposition to the Treaty
  • Isolationist Senators refused to accept the
    Treaty in any form The Irreconcilables
  • Senator Henry Cabot Lodge rejected the Treaty for
    Article X or The League of Nations

116
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
117
Wilsons Demise
  • Wilson refuses to compromise on the Treaty and
    the League of Nations issue (Article X)
  • He travels the nation looking for support
  • Suffers a stroke and becomes bitter
  • Edith Wilson takes over
  • The US never ratifies the Treaty

118
The Legacy of the War
  • US gained a stronger military
  • Stronger US federal gov.
  • Accelerated social change
  • Massive loss of life, many injuries
  • First Communist state the USSR
  • Opened the door to future wars
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