Title: Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels
1Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna
Longline Vessels
2History of Measures against IUU Large-Scale Tuna
Longline Fishery
- 1980s Sightings of unknown flagged large-scale
tuna longline vessels in the Mediterranean - 1992 ICCAT Bluefin Tuna Statistical Document
Program - 1994 ICCAT Bluefin Tuna Action Plan
- 1996 ICCAT trade sanction on bluefin tuna
starts - 1998 ICCAT IUU Action Plan for trade sanction
- 1998- Japan-Taiwan bilateral consultations
- 1999- Various countermeasures by RFMOs
- 2001 FAO IPOA on IUU Fishing
32. Problems
- - Flag hopping, change names
- - Almost all IUU tuna longline vessels are owned
and operated by Taiwanese residents - - Flag states are the victims of IUU vessel
owners - - Almost all catches are frozen tuna for sashimi
use - - Almost all IUU longline catches are landed on
Japanese market - Deterioration of tuna stocks
4Examples of Flag Hopping and Change Names
5Sample of ICCAT IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline
Vessel List
6A List of Flags Used by Taiwanese FOC Vessel
Owners(Number of vessels included in the ICCAT
IUU lists)
Flag 1999 2000 2001 2002 Current Situation
BELIZE 83 96 91 30
BOLIVIA 13 12 Trade sanction
CAMBODIA 3 3 10 8 Trade sanction
E. GUINEA 51 50 53 52 All vessels deregistered
GEORGIA 2 Trade sanction
HONDURAS 103 82 62 All vessels deregistered
INDONESIA 1 71 All vessels deregistered
PANAMA 6 13 7
PHILIPPINE 21 15 3 7
SEYCHELLES 3 12 28 20 Legalization
SIERRA LEONE 1 1 1 Trade sanction
SINGAPORE 7 1 1
ST. VINCENT 52 10 10 6
THAILAND 1
VANUATU 6 16 15 Legalization
Others 18 5 11 3
Unkown 2 16 12 217
Total 345 302 396 380
73. Countermeasures
- - Focused on persons who actually own and operate
the IUU vessels - - Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs to Eliminate
IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels (LSTLVs) - - Implementation of the programs of vessel
scrapping and vessel re-registration to Taiwan - Resolutions on non-purchase guidance of IUU
caught tunas by ICCAT IOTC - Establishment of OPRT
- Data collection on the history of vessels
including previous vessel and owner names - IUU vessel listing
8Outline of Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs
Program Implementation
Japan Scrapping of 62 Japan-built second-hand LSTLVs by 2003 2001 29 vessels 2002 8 vessels 2003 6 vessels Total 43 vessels Scrapping cost30 million US
Taiwan Re-registration of 67 newly Taiwan-built LSTLVs to Taiwan by 2005 2001 2 vessels 2002 17 vessels 2003 28 vessels 2004 1 vessels Total 48 vessels
9Scrapping at an Indonesian Scrap Yard
10Tunas Imported to Japan against the Non-Purchase
Guidance
Source Report from Importers
11Transition of number of IUU Large-Scale Tuna
Longline Vessels (LSTLVs)
124. New Problems
- - Tuna laundering
- - Use of forged documents
- - Non-effectiveness of measures based on IUU list
(negative list)
13An Implication of Tuna LaunderingAmount of
Japanese Bigeye Tuna Import from Taiwan and
Number of Vessels Exported over 350MT of Bigeye a
Year
Source Report from Importers
14Examples of Forged Documents
15A Sample of the Latest IUU-LSTLVs List
16(No Transcript)
17Examples of Notes of the IUU List
- 11 According to Seychelles, vessels flying the
Seychelles flag are monitored by VMS and provide
catch and effort data to the flag
State. - 12 St. Vincent and the Grenadines indicated in
2002 and 2003 that these vessels are properly
regulated and report daily catch-effort data and
their geographical position is monitored on a
daily basis - 13 In the view of Vanuatu, the listing of these
vessels should not be used as a basis for trade
embargo. - 14 Belize informed ICCAT in 2003 that these
vessels are now properly regulated under its High
Seas Fishing Act, and that Belize has undertaken
to delete these vessels upon receipt of
appropriate legal evidence to trigger
de-registration under Belize legislation.
185. New Countermeasures
- - ICCAT, IOTC and IATTC adopted a new measure
based on positive list - Japan started a new measure based on the positive
list in November 2003 on a global basis --- only
tunas caught by the LSTLVs on the positive lists
are allowed to enter the Japanese market.
19 6. Newly Emerging Problems
- Rapid increase of the number of large-scale purse
seine vessels - Shifting of longline fishing with vessels less
than 24m
20Number of Pure Seine Vessels of Major Fishing
Members Registered to FFA Regional Register
(Data Source FFA Regional Register List)
21Purse Seine Catches of Major Fishing Members in
the western central Pacific
(1,000MT)
22List of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
23Increase of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
24Number of Longliners of Major Fishing Members
Registered to FFA Regional Register
(Data Source FFA Regional Register List)
25Conclusion
- Measures focused on flag states including trade
measure had a limited effectiveness. - Trade tracking and its resulting accumulation of
information by market countries are an enormous
task but it provides the most important
fundamentals for creation of effective measures
to combat IUU fishing. - Direct consultations with IUU vessel owners
played an important role toward termination of
the problem.
26Conclusion - continues
- Measures based on positive list are effective but
there may still continue tuna laundering and use
of forged documents. - FOC/IUU fishing is a part of overcapacity.
- All FOC flag states are developing states.
- Even after elimination of IUU fishing, as far as
developing states accept limitlessly
registrations of foreign fishing vessels,
overcapacity problem continues.
27Recommendations
- IUU measures should be specific to each fishery
and based on trade and other data for
identification of real operators. - FAO should establish a global record of tuna
fishing vessels, compiling the existing records
of tuna fishing vessels of relevant RFMOs and
RFMOs should cooperate with FAO in establishment
of the record. - Developed states, parties and fishing entities
should stop construction of new tuna fishing
vessels except for those replacing the existing
licensed vessels with equivalent fishing capacity
whatever flag is used.
28Recommendations - continues
- FAO should request RFMOs to establish, as a
matter of priority, a system to transfer fishing
capacity from developed states, parties and
fishing entities to developing states smoothly. - A nation, party or fishing entity whose residents
caused rapid expansion of fishing capacity in
recent years should cut at least that expanded
portion of fishing capacity. - RFMOs should develop market oriented measures for
purse seine caught tuna. Countries importing
purse seine caught tuna must play a vital role.