Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels

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History of Measures against IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Fishery. 1980s Sightings of unknown flagged ... Almost all catches are frozen tuna for sashimi use ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels


1
Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna
Longline Vessels
2
History of Measures against IUU Large-Scale Tuna
Longline Fishery
  • 1980s Sightings of unknown flagged large-scale
    tuna longline vessels in the Mediterranean
  • 1992 ICCAT Bluefin Tuna Statistical Document
    Program
  • 1994 ICCAT Bluefin Tuna Action Plan
  • 1996 ICCAT trade sanction on bluefin tuna
    starts
  • 1998 ICCAT IUU Action Plan for trade sanction
  • 1998- Japan-Taiwan bilateral consultations
  • 1999- Various countermeasures by RFMOs
  • 2001 FAO IPOA on IUU Fishing

3
2. Problems
  • - Flag hopping, change names
  • - Almost all IUU tuna longline vessels are owned
    and operated by Taiwanese residents
  • - Flag states are the victims of IUU vessel
    owners
  • - Almost all catches are frozen tuna for sashimi
    use
  • - Almost all IUU longline catches are landed on
    Japanese market
  • Deterioration of tuna stocks

4
Examples of Flag Hopping and Change Names
5
Sample of ICCAT IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline
Vessel List
6
A List of Flags Used by Taiwanese FOC Vessel
Owners(Number of vessels included in the ICCAT
IUU lists)
Flag 1999 2000 2001 2002 Current Situation
BELIZE 83 96 91 30
BOLIVIA 13 12 Trade sanction
CAMBODIA 3 3 10 8 Trade sanction
E. GUINEA 51 50 53 52 All vessels deregistered
GEORGIA 2 Trade sanction
HONDURAS 103 82 62 All vessels deregistered
INDONESIA 1 71 All vessels deregistered
PANAMA 6 13 7
PHILIPPINE 21 15 3 7
SEYCHELLES 3 12 28 20 Legalization
SIERRA LEONE 1 1 1 Trade sanction
SINGAPORE 7 1 1
ST. VINCENT 52 10 10 6
THAILAND 1
VANUATU 6 16 15 Legalization
Others 18 5 11 3
Unkown 2 16 12 217
Total 345 302 396 380
7
3. Countermeasures
  • - Focused on persons who actually own and operate
    the IUU vessels
  • - Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs to Eliminate
    IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels (LSTLVs)
  • - Implementation of the programs of vessel
    scrapping and vessel re-registration to Taiwan
  • Resolutions on non-purchase guidance of IUU
    caught tunas by ICCAT IOTC
  • Establishment of OPRT
  • Data collection on the history of vessels
    including previous vessel and owner names
  • IUU vessel listing

8
Outline of Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs
Program Implementation
Japan Scrapping of 62 Japan-built second-hand LSTLVs by 2003 2001 29 vessels 2002 8 vessels 2003 6 vessels Total 43 vessels Scrapping cost30 million US
Taiwan Re-registration of 67 newly Taiwan-built LSTLVs to Taiwan by 2005 2001 2 vessels 2002 17 vessels 2003 28 vessels 2004 1 vessels Total 48 vessels
9
Scrapping at an Indonesian Scrap Yard
10
Tunas Imported to Japan against the Non-Purchase
Guidance
Source Report from Importers
11
Transition of number of IUU Large-Scale Tuna
Longline Vessels (LSTLVs)
12
4. New Problems
  • - Tuna laundering
  • - Use of forged documents
  • - Non-effectiveness of measures based on IUU list
    (negative list)

13
An Implication of Tuna LaunderingAmount of
Japanese Bigeye Tuna Import from Taiwan and
Number of Vessels Exported over 350MT of Bigeye a
Year
Source Report from Importers
14
Examples of Forged Documents
15
A Sample of the Latest IUU-LSTLVs List
16
(No Transcript)
17
Examples of Notes of the IUU List
  • 11 According to Seychelles, vessels flying the
    Seychelles flag are monitored by VMS and provide
    catch and effort data to the flag
    State.
  • 12 St. Vincent and the Grenadines indicated in
    2002 and 2003 that these vessels are properly
    regulated and report daily catch-effort data and
    their geographical position is monitored on a
    daily basis
  • 13 In the view of Vanuatu, the listing of these
    vessels should not be used as a basis for trade
    embargo.
  • 14 Belize informed ICCAT in 2003 that these
    vessels are now properly regulated under its High
    Seas Fishing Act, and that Belize has undertaken
    to delete these vessels upon receipt of
    appropriate legal evidence to trigger
    de-registration under Belize legislation.

18
5. New Countermeasures
  • - ICCAT, IOTC and IATTC adopted a new measure
    based on positive list
  • Japan started a new measure based on the positive
    list in November 2003 on a global basis --- only
    tunas caught by the LSTLVs on the positive lists
    are allowed to enter the Japanese market.

19
6. Newly Emerging Problems
  • Rapid increase of the number of large-scale purse
    seine vessels
  • Shifting of longline fishing with vessels less
    than 24m

20
Number of Pure Seine Vessels of Major Fishing
Members Registered to FFA Regional Register
(Data Source FFA Regional Register List)
21
Purse Seine Catches of Major Fishing Members in
the western central Pacific
(1,000MT)
22
List of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
23
Increase of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
24
Number of Longliners of Major Fishing Members
Registered to FFA Regional Register
(Data Source FFA Regional Register List)
25
Conclusion
  • Measures focused on flag states including trade
    measure had a limited effectiveness.
  • Trade tracking and its resulting accumulation of
    information by market countries are an enormous
    task but it provides the most important
    fundamentals for creation of effective measures
    to combat IUU fishing.
  • Direct consultations with IUU vessel owners
    played an important role toward termination of
    the problem.

26
Conclusion - continues
  • Measures based on positive list are effective but
    there may still continue tuna laundering and use
    of forged documents.
  • FOC/IUU fishing is a part of overcapacity.
  • All FOC flag states are developing states.
  • Even after elimination of IUU fishing, as far as
    developing states accept limitlessly
    registrations of foreign fishing vessels,
    overcapacity problem continues.

27
Recommendations
  • IUU measures should be specific to each fishery
    and based on trade and other data for
    identification of real operators.
  • FAO should establish a global record of tuna
    fishing vessels, compiling the existing records
    of tuna fishing vessels of relevant RFMOs and
    RFMOs should cooperate with FAO in establishment
    of the record.
  • Developed states, parties and fishing entities
    should stop construction of new tuna fishing
    vessels except for those replacing the existing
    licensed vessels with equivalent fishing capacity
    whatever flag is used.

28
Recommendations - continues
  • FAO should request RFMOs to establish, as a
    matter of priority, a system to transfer fishing
    capacity from developed states, parties and
    fishing entities to developing states smoothly.
  • A nation, party or fishing entity whose residents
    caused rapid expansion of fishing capacity in
    recent years should cut at least that expanded
    portion of fishing capacity.
  • RFMOs should develop market oriented measures for
    purse seine caught tuna. Countries importing
    purse seine caught tuna must play a vital role.
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