Jet Radiography of the Quark Gluon Plasma

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Jet Radiography of the Quark Gluon Plasma
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Quark Matter in the Laboratory ?
RHIC and LHC

• Colliding nuclei in the laboratory
• System must be dense and large
• Varying the nuclei size (A) and colliding energy
  (?s)

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Generating a Deconfined State
Nobel Price 2004
quark
Strong color field Force grows with separation !!!
white ?0 (confined quarks)
white proton (confined quarks)
white proton

• Present understanding of Quantum Chromodynamics
  (QCD)
• heating
• compression
• ? deconfined color matter !

Nuclear Matter (confined)
Hadronic Matter (confined)
Quark Gluon Plasma deconfined !
170 MeV
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Quark Matter in the Laboratory ?

• Colliding Pb (and other) nuclei in the
  laboratory

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Yes, Quark Matter in the Laboratory !

• We heat and compress a large volume of QCD
  matter
• At the Large Hadron Collider (and RHIC) by
  colliding heavy nuclei at high energies

Pb208
Pb208

• When 2 nuclei of 208 nucleons collide, each
  participating nucleon interacts around 4 or 5
  times, on average!
• At vs 5.5 TeV, an estimated 2200 hadrons per
  unit rapidity will be produced in central Pb-Pb
  collisions! (to be compared order 10 in pp
  collisions)

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Cartoon from Scientific American
QGP
Radiography
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Radiography at LANL

• Muon Radiography
• Electron Radiography
• Proton Radiography
• Now JET Radiography
• The transient nature of the system requires the
  use of an auto-generated well calibrated and
  understood probe - a JET

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What is a Jet?
A blast of particles from a hard partonic
collision, predicted by pQCD, all going in
roughly the same direction
Calorimeter View
Calculable in pQCD
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High Energy Physics Hadronization in QCD
Jet A localized collection of hadrons which come
from a fragmenting parton
c
a
Parton Distribution Functions Hard-scattering
cross-section Fragmentation Function
b
d
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Looks difficult but we CAN study Jets in AA
STAR AuAu Central Collision at 200 GeV
TPC
RICH
STAR-RICH
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High pT Particle Production in AA
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Radiography of the PLASMA

• Radiography in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Jet modification gives the density profile of the
  matter
• Radiography/Tomography in Medical Imaging
• Uses a calibrated probe, and a well understood
  interaction, to derive the 3-D density profile of
  the medium from the absorption profile of the
  probe.

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LHC Jet Studies First real QCD Machine
Enormous increase for hard probes

• Annual Yields

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The LARGE HADRON COLLIDER
LHC

• The most exciting scientific instrument ever !
• 27 Km accelerator in tunnel
• 6300 superconducting magnets
• Filament Five times to the sun and back
• Stored energy in proton beam 400t train at 200
  Km/h
• 14 TeV protons and 5.5 TeV lead on lead
• Bigger, hotter, longer lived plasma !

Factor 30 in Energy Discovery Potential !!!!!
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Large Hadron Collider

• LHC is about to start operations
• 2008
• proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV
• 2009
• pp at 14 TeV
• PbPb at 5.5 TeV per nucleon pair
• Heavy Ions
• Expect 106 seconds of heavy ion collisions each
  year (and 11 month pp)

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Beam Energy
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CMS - As a Heavy Ion Experiment
CASTOR
(5.2 lt ? lt 6.6)
ZDC
(z ?140 m, ? gt 8.2 neutrals)
Functional at the highest expected
multiplicities studied in detail at dNch/d?
?3000-5000 and cross-checked at 7000-8000
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CMS Coverage
HCAL (BarrelEndcapForward)
Designed for Jet Studies AND Muon Reconstruction
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h, e, g, m Measurement in the CMS Barrel
Si Tracker ECAL
muon-chambers
CalorimetersECAL PbWO4HCAL Plastic
Sci/Steel sandwich
Si TrackerSilicon micro-stripsand pixels
Muon BarrelDrift Tube Chambers (DT)Resistive
Plate Chambers (RPC)
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LDRD-ER06 Z0-tagging of Jets
G.J.Kunde and C.Mironov

• Z0-DiJet events at LHC !!!!!
• Replace one final parton with a Z0
• EM tag instead of strongly interacting one !
• INITIAL HARD SCATTER MEASURED !
• Better Background
• Physical and combinatorial are uncorrelated
  (flat)
• Lower cross section but not too low -)

Strong I.
Strong I.
Strong I.
Electromagnetic Interaction
Strongly Interacting Plasma
JET
JET
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LANL Studies - Z0

• Z0 tags look very promising
• Have now FULL reconstruction in CMSSW

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Real Fragmentation Function at LHC !!!!!

• Estimate of in-medium fragmentation function
  measurement

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Enough Yield for Discoveries

• Several thousand tagged jets in the first year

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High Density QCD with Heavy-Ions
170 pages 10 chapters 90 figures, 20
tables 20 CMS-AN-Notes
25 CMS-HI institutions 100 collaborators Approve
d by the CMS collaboration 2500 people
Athens, Auckland, Budapest, CERN, Chongbuk,
Colorado, Cukurova, Ioannina, Iowa, Kansas,
Korea, Lisbon, Los Alamos, Lyon, Maryland,
Minnesota, MIT, Moscow, Mumbai, Seoul,
Vanderbilt, UC Davis, UI Chicago, Vilnius, Zagreb
J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 34 (2007)
2307-2455
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The Future of High Energy Nuclear and Particle
Physics
Vitev Slide
Tevatron

• LHC will begin operation in 2008 and will
  dominate particle and nuclear physics at the high
  energy frontier in the foreseeable future

RHIC
LHC
2000
2010
2020
1990
2030

• LHC is high priority in both the HEP and NP
  programs of the DOE

CDF (f-r view)
NP
HEP
JETS
ET 633 GeV h -0.19

• Jets will play the leading role in the planned
  discovery of the Higgs (new), supersymmetry
  (new), and the search for large extra dimensions
  (new).

ET 666 GeV h 0.43

• Heavy Ion theory at LANL can lead an effort to
  determine the enhancement / suppression of BSM
  jet signals in nucleus-nucleus collisions (new)

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Theory Jets in Nuclear Collisions
Vitev Slide
Jet Shapes !!!

• Novel effective interactions and novel phenomena
  can arise in matter under extreme conditions
  (part of BSM challenge)

Vacuum

• Opportunity exists to develop and lead the
  theory of jets in nuclear collisions

• predict novel jet shapes (new) and jet
  topologies (new)
• develop radiography of strongly interacting
  plasmas
• (new point) on the EOS
• constrain the new effective interactions via Z0
  (new),
• heavy flavor (new) and ? tagged jets

Medium-induced
Constrain the new effective interactions,
determine the correct theory models
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DR proposal New Probes for Physics BSM at the
LHC P-23, P-25, T-8 and T-16
Vitev Slide
SUSY stau (Kitano)

• LHC is the premier facility for studies of
  Physics Beyond the Standard Model and Matter
  under Extreme Conditions
• pp collisions _at_ 14 TeV ? begins 2008
• Discovery potential for BSM Physics -
  Supersymmetry, Higgs, Extra Dimensions,
  Baseline for Heavy Ion Studies
• PbPb _at_ 5.5 TeV / A ? begins 2009
• Matter under extreme conditions
  Radiography of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Experimental signatures for new physics -
  combinations of high energy jets, heavy quarks
  and muons, which are each copiously produced at
  LHC
• Radiography of QGP using -
• PbPb ? Z0/g JET
• BBJET or DD JET
  ? m m- JET
• JET Shape Analysis

PbPb
QGP
Difference in dimuon and jet momenta gives
interaction with hot, dense matter
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DR proposal New Probes for Physics BSM at the
LHC P-23, P-25, T-8 and T-16
Vitev Slide

• LANL capabilities relevant to CMS / LHC program
• World leader in muon detection and reconstruction
  (FNAL, RHIC experiments) in heavy ion collisions
• Silicon vertex detectors (FNAL, LEP, RHIC),
  for CMS service work and for superLHC
  upgrades in 2013
• Large scale computing for event simulation and
  reconstruction
• Theory T-8 and T-16 expertise in HEP and NP
• Long history of DOE funded research in high
  energy nuclear physics
• LHC is future of High Energy Nuclear Physics
  programs and HEP
• Timely opportunity to establish a new program at
  LHC, pp collisions beginning next year
• Seed money needed to ensure long-term DOE funding
  for NP program
• Explore possible HEP experimental support from DOE

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Summary .

• Utilize CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiments
  excellent muon identification and
  calorimetry (for jets)
• FY06 LDRD-ER project explores jet tagging at CMS
  - Excellent rates, Z0 and jet identification
• DR proposal with P-25, P-23, T-8 and T-16
• New Probes for Physics BSM at the LHC

McGaughey Slide
CMS
LANL Studies C. Mironov, G.J.Kunde
Full CMS Simulation (Phythia and Geant 4)
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11 Science Questions for the New Century

• What is Dark Matter?
• What is the nature of Dark Energy?
• How did the Universe begin?
• Did Einstein have the last word on Gravity?
• What are the masses of the neutrinos, and how
  have they
• shaped the evolution of the Universe?
• How do cosmic accelerators work and what are they
  accelerating?
• Are protons unstable?
• What are the New States of Matter at exceedingly
  high density and temperature?
• Are there additional space-time dimensions?
• How were the elements from Iron to Uranium made?
• Is a new theory of matter and light needed at the
  highest energies?

It seems that the study of Quark Matter... matters