Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool

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Physical EducationCurriculum Analysis Tool
Aaron Beighle, Ph.D. University of
Kentucky beighle_at_uky.edu
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CDCs Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool
(PECAT)1
1 Centers for Disease Control Prevention.
Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool. 2006
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Overview

• Introduction to the PECAT
• Rationale and development of the PECAT
• Organization and use of the PECAT

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Objectives (Part 1)

• The participants will
• Identify physical education as a component of the
  Coordinated School Health Program
• Define elements of a quality physical education
  program
• Relate the PECAT as a key ingredient to effective
  physical education

• Describe the approach and organization of the
  PECAT
• Distinguish the relationship of PECAT to
  research and national standards for physical
  education
• Discuss the next steps to use the PECAT

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Physical Education Integral to the Coordinated
School Health Program (CSHP)2
2 Burgeson C, Wechsler H, Brener ND, Young JC,
Spain CG. Physical education and activity
results from the School Health Policies and
Programs Study 2000. J Sch Health 200171(7)
279-293.
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School Health Education

• Is a planned, sequential K -12 curriculum,
  designed to help students develop knowledge,
  attitudes and skills needed to maintain and
  improve health, prevent disease, and avoid or
  modify health risk behaviors

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School Physical Education

• Is a planned, sequential K-12 curriculum,
  designed to provide students with the knowledge,
  attitudes, skills, behaviors, and confidence to
  adopt and maintain life-long physical activity

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Quality Physical Education

• Standards based
• Physical activity based
• Inclusive
• Student centered
• Teach social and personal responsibility
• Promote lifelong physical activity

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School Health Services

• Provide health screenings, ensure access and/or
  referral to health care services, prevent and
  control communicable diseases and other health
  problems, and provide emergency care for illness
  or injury

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School Nutrition Services

• Provide students with access to a variety of
  nutritious meals and snacks, and accommodate the
  health and nutrition needs of all students that
  meet U.S. dietary guidelines

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Health Promotion for School Staff

• Programs that encourage and support school staff
  to improve their health status and morale,
  thereby developing greater personal commitment to
  the schools coordinated health program

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School Mental Healthand Social Services

• Are the individual and group assessments,
  interventions and referrals intended to improve
  students mental, emotional, and social health

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Healthy School Environment

• Is the physical and aesthetic surroundings,
  psychosocial climate, and policies that support
  learning, and ensure students and staff are
  physically safe

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Family/Community Involvement

• Is an integrated parent/guardian, community, and
  school approach to respond to students
  health-related needs and enhance students health
  and well-being. Parent involvement in health
  education increases both student achievement and
  self-esteem

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Coordinated School Health Program
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What is the PECAT?
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The Purpose of the PECAT

• To help schools conduct a clear, complete, and
  consistent analysis of written physical education
  curricula

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The PECAT Encompasses

• An overview of high-quality physical education
• Information about physical education curricula
• Tools to assess a curriculum, and
• Resources for developing a curriculum
  improvement plan

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The PECAT

• Can be used to assess locally and
  commercially developed physical education
  curricula
• Can help schools identify strengths and
  weaknesses of written curriculum
• May help in the development of a written
• curriculum

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The PECAT

• Helps users create an improvement plan based
  upon the results
• Is user-friendly

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What is a High-Quality Physical Education
Program?
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Components of a high-quality physical education
program3

• Written curriculum
• Policies and environment
• Instruction
• Student assessment

3 National Association for Sport and Physical
Education. Moving into the future National
standards for physicaleducation. 2nd ed. Reston,
VA National Association for Sport and Physical
Education, 2004.
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Written Curriculum

• The map
• Standards based
• Systematically developed
• Based on a guiding philosophy
• A living document

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Policies and Environment

• Adequate instructional time
• Classes taught by qualified physical education
  specialists
• Reasonable class sizes
• Proper equipment and facilities.

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Instruction

• Inclusion of all students
• Opportunities to be physically active the
  majority of class time
• Out-of-school assignments that support learning
• Not using physical activity as punishment
• Efficient lessons

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Assessment

• Appropriate use of physical activity and fitness
  assessment tools

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Fitness, Exercise, or Activity?

• Fitness A set of attributes that people have or
  achieve relating to their ability to perform
  physical activity (USDHHS, 1996)
• Exercise Leisure time physical activity
  conducted with the intention of developing
  physical fitness.
• Physical Activity Bodily movement that is
  produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle
  and that substantially increases energy
  expenditure (USDHHS, 1996)

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Physical Activity
Dance
Recreation
Exercise
Leisure Activities
Others
Sports
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Traditional Fitness Assessment

• Genetics dictate up to 80 of a childs
  performance on a fitness test (Bouchard, 1993)
• Elementary school youth show little physiological
  response to training (Payne Morrow, 1993)
• Fitness assessment batteries are not accurate for
  youth and will fail a majority of students
• Focusing on fitness testing has NOT worked and
  marginalizes moderate to low intensity activity

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Assessment

• Appropriate use of physical activity and fitness
  assessment tools,
• Ongoing opportunities for students to conduct
  self-assessments and practice self-monitoring of
  physical activity

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Fitness Self-Assessment

• An appropriate use of fitness testing
• Makes fitness testing educational
• Is confidential
• Allows students to demonstrate their knowledge
  about fitness content
• Is more efficient than traditional testing

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Physical Activity Self-Assessment

• Pedometers
• Questionnaires
• Self-management is key to lifelong physical
  activity
• Emphasizes the product

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Skill Assessment

• Is it really the issue?
• Peer assessment
• Product v Process

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Assessment

• Appropriate use of physical activity and fitness
  assessment tools
• Ongoing opportunities for students to conduct
  self-assessments and practice self-monitoring of
  physical activity
• Communication with students and parents about
  assessment results
• Clarity concerning the elements used for
  determining a grading or student proficiency
  system
• Provides data for meaningful change to the
  curriculum

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What is the frameworkfor the PECAT?
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Framework for the PECAT

• Based upon the National Standards for Physical
  Education
• Uses the student expectations and components of
  each standard

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Relevance and Use of National Physical Education
Standards

• The National Standards are
• consistent,
• widely accepted, and
• directly related

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Who are the intendedusers of the PECAT?
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The PECAT can be used by

• State education agency staff
• Curriculum committees or physical educators at
  school districts, schools, or community
  organizations
• Other curricula developers
• Colleges and other pre-service teacher training
  programs

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What is the rationale to support the PECAT?
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Rationale

• Students need to be more physically active
• A. Can PE promote physical activity?

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Daily and PE Step Counts by Activity Group
Disparity
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Parity (Inclusive, Equitable)
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4
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PEs Contribution to Daily Physical Activity
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Rationale

• 2. Schools must play a role in improving physical
  activity habits and health of students.
• a. Physical education must be the foundation
• 3. The physical education curriculum is the
  primary means by which schools deliver
  physicaleducation

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Rationale

• 4. Federal documents support the importance of
  providing high quality, daily physical education
  for all students
• 5. No tool was available to analyze written
  physical education curricula

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How was the PECAT developed?
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PECAT Development

• National Standards framework
• Drafts based on research and other guidance

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How is the PECAT organized?
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PECAT Organization

• Front Material Introduction and Instructions
• Part One Curriculum Description and Preliminary
  Curriculum Considerations
• Accuracy Analysis
• Acceptability Analysis
• Feasibility Analysis, and
• Affordability Analysis
• Part Two Content and Student Assessment Analyses
• Part Three Curriculum Improvement Plan
• Appendices

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The PECAT

• Helps users analyze written physical education
  curriculum
• Content and Student Assessment
• Accuracy
• Acceptability
• Affordability
• Feasibility

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Content and Student Assessment
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Accuracy
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Acceptability
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Affordability
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Feasibility
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Steps to PECAT completion
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Next Steps

• Step 1. Select a PECAT coordinator, then
• form a PECAT committee
• identify roles of each member
• Step 2. Review materials, the PECAT, and any
  additional state or local standards

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Next Steps

• Step 3 Complete the Accuracy, Acceptability,
  Feasibility, and Affordability Analyses
• Step 4 Score the PECAT
• Step 5 Create a plan for improvement

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What are YOUR next steps?
BREAK TIME
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Who do you know?
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Objectives (Part deux)

• The participants will be able to
• Describe how the PECAT can be used to improve
  physical education and thereby influence
  students motor skills and physical activity
  behaviors.
• Practice using the components of the PECAT.
• Discuss how to incorporate the PECAT into your
  professional practice.

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Purpose of PECATSchoolsConduct analysis of
written PE curriculumUse results to enhance,
develop, or select curriculumDeliver quality
PEImprove students motor skills and physical
activity behaviors
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Now, its YOUR turn to look at the PECAT!
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Develop an Understanding of

• Accuracy Analysis
• Acceptability Analysis
• Feasibility Analysis
• Affordability Analysis
• Content Analysis
• Student Assessment Analysis

Share your understanding with others!
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Next Steps for Group Activity

• Form groups
• Choose one each Accuracy, Acceptability,
  Feasibility, Affordability, Content, Student
  Assessment
• Read component/section

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Next Steps for Group Activity

• Answer guiding questions about each of the
  components/section
• What is the purpose? What does it provide?
• Who completes it?
• What examples need to be considered? (For
  accuracy and acceptability only)
• What forms are included?
• How helpful is this to you?
• Is it applicable to your local situation?

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Next Steps for Group Activity

• Share your answers to the guiding questions
  with your group
• You have 20 minutes to complete!

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Review and Clarification

• Lets review and clarify the sections/components
  together!

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Accuracy Analysis
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Accuracy Analysis

• Assess accuracy of health, medical, and
  scientific information in the written PE
  curriculum.
• Identify inaccurate, unsound, exaggerated,
  distorted, outdated information and degree of
  difficulty.
• Determine what needs to be done to correct the
  problems.

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Acceptability Analysis
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Acceptability Analysis

• Determine if anything in curriculum is
• Incompatible with school norms
• Promotes biased or stereotypical perceptions or
• Is inconsistent with state or school district
  policies or codes.

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Feasibility Analysis
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Feasibility Analysis

• Can the curriculum be implemented
• By physical education teachers?
• Within available instructional time?
• With existing PE facilities and equipment?

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Affordability Analysis

• Identify needed changes and costs, to purchase
  or revise curriculum, in
• Staffing
• Facilities
• Schedule

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Content Analysis

• How well does the curriculum
• Cover what students should know?
• Cover what students should be able to do?
• Align with the National Physical Education
  Standards?

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Student Assessment Analysis

• How well does the curriculum
• Integrate standards-based assessment protocols?
• Provide age-appropriate student assessment
  protocols for each standard?

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Steps to Completing the PECAT

• Step 1 Identify the roles and responsibilities
  of each committee member.

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Steps to Completing the PECAT

• Step 2 Review curriculum materials, the PECAT,
  and any additional state or local standards.
• Complete the Curriculum Description Form
  together and,
• Determine organization of the committee for
  completion of other forms.

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Steps to Completing the PECAT

• Step 3 Complete the Accuracy, Acceptability,
  Feasibility, and Affordability Analyses.
• Assess curriculums accuracy, alignment with
  school and community norms (acceptability),
  feasibility, and affordability.
• Complete before proceeding to the Content and
  Student Assessment Analyses.
• Make choices early.

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Steps to Completing the PECAT

• Step 4 Scoring the PECAT
• Each of the Preliminary Curriculum Consideration
  Analyses should have been scored during the
  process of completing each one. These scores do
  not contribute to the Overall PECAT Scorecard.
• Content and Student Assessment Analyses
• Importance of sequential written curriculum
• What content, skills, and activities should be
  covered yearly, and throughout K-12?
• Premise students need to be taught increasingly
  advanced skills and concepts.

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Scoring Criteria for Content Analysis

• 2 fully/sufficiently addresses each element
  of the question
• 1 partially addresses the question
• 0 does not address the question

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Scoring for StudentAssessment Analysis

• 2 Fully one or more specific protocols,
  plus multiple levels of student
  competency
• 1 Partially one or more protocols but not
  multiple levels of student competency
• 0 No does not include any protocol

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Calculating the Scores

• Add all of the 2s together
• Add all of the 1s together
• Add two sums together
• Place total number in the large box

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Scoring Content and Student Assessment Analyses

• KEY POINT
• Examples are only examples!!!

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Additional State or Local Standards

• What to do?
• Use template for Content Analysis and Student
  Assessment Analysis
• Write out the standard
• Identify the 4 essential components
• Score as usual

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Content and Student Assessment AnalysesWhats
Next?

• Transfer score for each standard to the
  corresponding grade-level scorecard.

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Content and Student Assessment AnalysesWhats
Next?

• Transfer the scores for each grade-level and each
  standard to the Overall PECAT Scorecard

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Sequence Considerations

• Standards are built on previous grade level.
• Content Analysis examines sequence one grade
  level to the next.
• Student Assessment Analysis determines if
  age-appropriate assessment protocols exist across
  the grade levels.

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Other considerations

• For each standard
• Identify answers with 2 points strengths
• Highlight answers with 1 or 0 points potential
  weaknesses or gaps
• Address weaknesses in the Curriculum Improvement
  Plan

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Other considerations

• For each standard
• Review scores on scorecards per grade level
  analyzed.
• Highlight discrepancies existing across two areas
  analyzed.
• Helps determine where improvement is needed most.

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For Multiple Curricula Analyses

• Transfer all scores to PECAT Multiple Curricula
  Comparison Scorecard.
• Identify strengths and weaknesses of each
  curriculum.
• Select the strongest that meets local needs.

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Locally Developed CurriculumCurriculum
Improvement Plan
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Curriculum Improvement Plan

• The Curriculum Improvement Plan guides users
  through a process of
• Interpreting scores.
• Completing worksheet.
• Implementing the plan.
• Reassessing for improvement.

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Curriculum Improvement Plan

• Follow through on Curriculum Improvement Plan
• Organize quarterly meetings
• Discuss progress
• Share progress with school officials

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Whats Next?

• Now, lets look at a curriculum!

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What else?

• Preparing for your PECAT committee meetings

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Assemble the Following Items

• Curriculum(s) to be reviewed
• Copies of the PECAT
• Copies of state or local PE standards
• Contact information of school or district-level
  physical education curriculum administrator or
  supervisor

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Assemble the Following

• For Accuracy Analysis, assemble individuals with
  expertise and experience in
• Science of physical education and/or kinesiology
• Science of youth physical activity

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Assemble the Following

• For Acceptability Analysis, assemble individuals
  with expertise and experience in
• School policy
• State guidelines and mandates for physical
  education
• State and local PE standards

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Assemble the Following

• For Feasibility Analysis, assemble individuals
  with expertise and experience in
• School and/or district-level PE Coordination
• Curriculum and Instruction
• School Administration
• Teaching of physical education

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Assemble the Following

• For Affordability Analysis, assemble individuals
  with expertise and experience in
• School finances
• Curriculum and Instruction
• School Administration
• Teaching of physical education

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Assemble the Following

• For Content Analysis and Student Assessment
  Analysis, assemble individuals with expertise and
  experience in
• Science of physical education and/or kinesiology
• Science of youth physical activity
• Curriculum and Instruction
• Teaching of physical education
• Protocols for assessment physical
  education(e.g., state/district requirements,
  fitness testing, etc.)

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Conclusions

• Use of the PECAT can provide valuable insight as
  to how well your curriculum aligns with national
  and/or state physical education standards.
• The Curriculum Improvement Plan should be
  utilized to guide your PECAT Committee through
  planning for revisions and enhancement to your
  curriculum.
• Identifying resources to assist with implementing
  the Curriculum Improvement Plan is an essential
  step.

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Thank You and Best Wishes!
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Questions and Answers

• Website address www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/PECAT