Completing the Revolution 17891815

1
Completing the Revolution1789-1815

• Chapter 8

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Establishing the Government 1788-89

• Washington elected President (1789)
• Senate creates title for President
• 1st controversy in Congress
• - What title did Congress settled on?

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The First Congress

• 1st business- Money
• Source of income- tariff on imports
• Amending the Constitution
• - Madison proposed 19
• - 10 survived became the Bill of Rights
• Bill of Rights
• Guarantees Individual liberties limits the
  power of the national govt

4
The First Congress (continue)

• creates framework of new government
• creates Federal Courts
• - Judiciary Act of 1789
• - Supreme Court
• - 13 district courts 3 courts of appeal

5
The National debt (1789)

• Congress focused on natl debt
• - payment ensures credibility of new govt
• Hamiltons report on debt
• US debt- 59 million

6
The National debt (continue)

• Hamilton proposes plan
• - consolidate / charter bank / tax on spirits
• Plan creates controversy
• - approved in 1791
• Where does compromise move the capital?

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Problem on the Frontier

• Whiskey Rebellion 1794
• Western Pennsylvania

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Whiskey rebellion

• Problems with the spirit tax
• Settlers on frontier refused to pay tax
• 6k whiskey rebels threaten to attack Pittsburgh

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Whiskey rebellion, 1794

• Washingtons reaction to crisis
• - calls in federal troops (12k)
• Rebellion suppressed with little resistance

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Troubles abroad

• French Revolution (1789)
• - King Louis XVI beheaded in 1793
• - declare war on Britain (1793)
• Americas hopes of peace in jeopardy
• - Treaty w/ France (1778)

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Troubles abroad (continue)

• Washington declares neutrality (1794)
• US in no condition to fight a war
• America divided over outbreak of war
• Need to maintain good relations with Great
  Britain
• National Debt

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The Jay Treaty (1794)

• France resumes trade with US (1793)
• British retaliate by seizing US ships
• - refuse to leave US northwest
• Jay is sent to negotiate w/British (1794)
• - trade / British abandon forts
• - neutrality maintained / war avoided
• - Jay Treaty (1795)

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Washingtons Farewell

• Washington decides not to seek reelection
• Set precedent for executive office
• - appearance / 2 terms (1789-1797)
• Oversaw creation of Natl govt
• Suppressed rebellion
• Avoided war with Great Britain

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Election of 1796

• Adams (Federalist) Jefferson (Dem Rep)
• 1st contested election
• France threaten war unless Jefferson is elected
  (Jay Treaty)
• gt seized US ships trading with Britain

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Adams elected 2nd President of US
France severed relations with US
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XYZ Affair

• Adams sends statesmen to France
• - 3 Frenchmen demand a bribe loan
• - What did the Frenchmen identify themselves
  as?
• - delegates return to US
• Adams ask Congress to prepare for war
• 1798- conflict between US French
• British intervene
• French expelled / treaty signed

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Crisis at home

• Troubles with France produced hostility toward
  the French and, to some extent, toward their
  Republicans friends in the US.

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The Alien Sedition Acts

• Passed 1799, in response to France
• - gave President power to deport aliens
• - punishment for speaking against the govt
• Republicans claim act violates constitution
• - journalist, Congressmen, others jailed
• Act damages Adams presidency for election of 1800

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Jefferson wins election of 1800
3rd President of US
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The Jefferson Presidency

• Jeffersonian Politics
• Cut backs on military spending (1802)
• gt maintain a small, well trained professional
  army for defense
• Repealed Alien Sedition Acts
• Natl debt fell from 80 to 57 million

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Louisiana Purchase (1803)

• Westward expansion vital for survival of Republic
• - vital New Orleans
• Louisiana territory owned by France
• - Napoleons plans for an empire
• Troubles of war slaves revolts
• Jefferson sent delegates to buy N.O.
• Jefferson purchases Louisiana Territory for 15
  million
• What did this do to the size of US?

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Louisiana Purchase 1803
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Justifying the Purchase

• Too good to refuse
• Access to rivers gulf
• Protection
• New farm land
• Congress ratified purchase (1803)
• big govt (opposite Jeffersons beliefs)

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Jeffersons reelection

• Dismantled govts power to coerce citizens
• Cut down natl debt
• increased size of US
• Maintained peace
• Reelected in 1804

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Napoleonic Wars

• Napoleon declares war on Britain (1803)
• US profits by remaining neutral
• War reaches stalemate in 1805
• - Napoleon controlled Europe Britain
  controlled the seas
• - both begin to seize US ships

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Jeffersons ending term

• Jefferson maintains neutrality
• - passed embargo act on Europe (1807)
• - peaceable coercion
• - US lost 86 million in 1807 (trade)
• - economy slowed / unemployment
• Jefferson endorces Madison as successor

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Madison elected (1809-1817)
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The Road to War

• Madisons Non-intercourse Act
• British continue seizing US ships
• - 6k US sailors impressed between 1803-12
• War Hawks fed up with Britain

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Madisons war message (1812)

• Whether the United States shall continue passive
  under these accumulating wrongs or apply force
  in defense of their national rightsshall commit
  a just cause for war

• 1st declared war

• Congress declares war (06-18-1812)

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War of 1812

• US advantages
• England already at war
• War close to US
• US Disadvantages
• Unpopular war
• Poor inexperienced militia

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War of 1812

• Land invasion / Canada
• US campaign leads to disaster
• British defeat Napoleon (1814)
• - concentrate on US forces
• - attack Washington, D.C.
• War reaches a stalemate
• Peace negotiations begin

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Battle of New Orleans (1/8/1815)

• British focus on N.O.
• Jackson commands US troops
• British (6k) troops invade US forces (4k)
• Causalities
• gt British
• gt US

• Revived American nationalism
• Jackson viewed as a war hero
• Treaty of Ghent (1814)
• What was unique about the battle of New Orleans?

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The Star-Spangled Banner

• During the war of 1812, Francis Scott Key peered
  through clearing smoke to see an enormous US flag
  flying proudly after a British naval bombardment.
  He was inspired to write a poem (1814), which was
  later set to music
• made the national anthem by Congress on March 3,
  1931

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Conclusion

• America establishes sovereignty
• - constitution / debts
• Washington establishes presidency
• Louisiana Purchase
• War of 1812
• Peace in Europe US