Surface topography of Hungary

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Surface topography of Hungary
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The BRGM report Typologie des systèmes
géothermiques HDR-HFR en Europe Rapport final.
BRGM/RP-53452-FR identified in 2004 the
Pannonian basin in general, and its part situated
in Hungary in particular, as the most promising
region in Europe for EGS systems. A follow-up
study (European HDR/EGS resources Future
potential development in Hungary, WP11, European
Hot Dry Rock Project Soultz, Order no.
G109/05-22.13, 2005) provided further
clarifications about the geologic-geothermal
conditions as well as about the relevant legal,
institutional, regulatory, market and social
matters.
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Authors and Affiliations In alphabetic
order Dr. Peter Dövényi (Institut of Geography
and Earth Sciences,
Geophysical Department, Eötvös Loránd
University, Budapest, Hungary) Dipl.Ing. Viktor
Homola (Member, Chamber of Hungarian Engineers,
Budapest, Hungary) Prof. Dr. Ferenc Horváth
(Institut of Geography and Earth Sciences,
Geophysical Department, Eötvös Loránd University,
Budapest, Hungary) PD Dr. Thomas Kohl (GEOWATT
AG Zurich, Switzerland) Prof. Dr. Ladislaus
Rybach (GEOWATT AG Zurich, Switzerland) also
Report Editor
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• The following necessary prerequisites for EGS
  siting are now defined and evaluated
• sufficiently high in-situ rock temperatures (
  200 C), preferably at shallow depth
• suitable lithologies (mostly crystalline rocks
  with relatively low degree of anisotropy)
• favorable seismo-tectonic settings, (extensional
  regime, low level of natural seismicity).
• In parallel, a suite of legal and market issues
  has been clarified.

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The geoscientific results are based on the most
recent knowledge available in Hungary. The
geothermal conditions at depth have been
evaluated and presented in various maps (heat
flow, geoisotherms) the geologic conditions as
well (depth to the Pre-Tertiary basement
abundance and distribution of crystalline rock
types in the basement). Granitoid rock types
have been identified as the most promising
candidates for EGS reservoir development.
Special attention was given to the recent stress
field and seismicity. To this end, the now
available information has been assembled and
presented in two new maps.
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W-Carpathians
E-Alps
Transylvanian Basin
Pannonian basin
Dinarides
Surface heat flow density in the Pannonian Basin
and adjacent areas
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?250
?14
(35)
Histogram of borehole temperatures in Hungary
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Temperatures at 5 km depth in Hungary
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Temperatures at basement top
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Maximum horizontal stress directions and fault
kinematics in the Pannonian-Carpathian area.
Abbreviations NF normal fault, NS
normal/strike-slip transition, SS strike-slip
fault, TS strike-slip/thrust transition, TF
thrust fault, H Hungary.
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Earthquake epicenter distribution in the
Carpathian-Pannonian-Dinaric region (456 - 1998
a.D.). The radii of circles are proportional to
the magnitude
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CONCLUSIONS, OUTLOOK (1)
The geoscientific EGS evaluations boil down to
the identification of numerous geographic areas
with pronounced attributes for hosting future EGS
sites The most promising regions for EGS
realizations in Hungary are located in the
south-southeastern part of the country, on the
flanks of deep subbasins (i.e. Dráva, Makó,
Békés, Nagykunság and Derecske subbasins) or at
the top of basement highs between those, in
crystalline (preferable granitoid) basement at
4000 m depth.
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Besides the geoscientific aspects the legal,
institutional, regulatory, market, and social
matters have also been investigated.
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Authorities regulating geothermal enery
development in Hungary
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ELECTRICITY MARKET ISSUES

• There are numerous players (active in production,
  ransmission, distribution) on the Hungarian
  electricity market. Among them the Hungarian
  Power Companies Ltd. (main shareholder the
  Hungarian State) needs special mention. It
  supplies all public consumers, it owns the Paks
  Nuclear Power plant as well as the highV
  transmission (220, 400 and 750 kV) network.
• The electricity distribution is in the hands of
  the regional utilities
• ÉDÁSZ Rt., DÉDÁSZ RT., TITÁSZ Rt. (main
  shareholder E.On)
• ELMÜ RT., ÉMÁSZ Rt. (main shareholder RWE)
• DÉMÁSZ Rt. (main shareholder EdF).
• Electricity generation, transmission, and
  marketing in any given area of Hungary cannot be
  established without close cooperation with the
  regional utilities. At present, there are 6
  regional electricity suppliers in Hungary.
  Foreign companies like E.On, RWE, and EdF are
  significant shareholders of these utilities.

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Regional electric utilities in Hungary.
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CONCLUSIONS, OUTLOOK (2)
In Hungary there is, as in any other country, a
considerable (and not always simple and
transparent) set of legal, regulatory and other
issues relevant for geothermal development in
general, and for EGS systems in particular. For
licensing and permits there are numerous state,
regional and local authorities to be considered.
The responsible authorities are identified in our
study. The permits are given on the basis of
submitted applications. These must include proper
documentation. The documentation can be
prepared by foreign companies, but the
involvement of certified Hungarian specialists
will be indispensable.