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Finalizacin y explotacin de los telescopios MAGIC Completion and Exploitation of the MAGIC Telescope

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Title: Finalizacin y explotacin de los telescopios MAGIC Completion and Exploitation of the MAGIC Telescope


1
Finalización y explotación de los telescopios
MAGICCompletion and Exploitation of the MAGIC
Telescopes
Juan Cortina IFAE Barcelona
FPA2009-07474
2
  • Scheme of the talk
  • MAGIC-I some scientific highlights.
  • MAGIC-II construction and current status.
  • MAGIC-I upgrade.
  • Description of the project.

3
MAGIC-I
The MAGIC-I Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov ?-ray
Telescope was built is operated by a
collaboration of 150 Physicists in
IFAE Barcelona, UCM Madrid, UA Barcelona, U
Barcelona, IEEC, Instituto Astrofísica de
Canarias, Instituto Astrofísico Andalucía MPI
Munich, U. Würzburg, DESY Zeuthen, U. Dortmund,
INFN/U. Padua, INFN Pisa/Siena, U. Udine, INAF
(Italy), ETH Zurich, U. Lodz (Poland), Tuorla
Observatory (Finland), UC Davis (US), Physics
Institute Sofia (Bulgaria), Croatian
Consortium. Location La Palma, Canary Islands,
Spain
4
Emphasis on high tech
5
MAGIC-I performance
  • Energy resolution ?E/E 25 above 100 GeV
  • Point-source flux sensitivity in 50 hours 1.6
    crab
  • Lowest energy threshold IACT 25-50 GeV new
    trigger allows overlap with satellites (Fermi)

6
IFAE _at_ MAGIC-I
  • Major contributions to telescope
  • Camera RD and construction
  • Camera Control and Central Control
  • Telescope Calibration System
  • Camera Access Tower
  • MAGIC Control House
  • Telescope commissioning
  • Good part of Analysis and MC software
  • Telescope characterization
  • Physics Analysis
  • Common Fund administration

7
IFAE _at_ MAGIC-I
  • IFAE has also organizational responsabilities
  • J.Cortina
  • Technical coordinator (2005-06) Operations
    coordinator (2008-)
  • Convener Galactic Group (2006-08)
  • Deputy Physics Coordinator (2007-08)
  • One of the 7 members of Executive Board
    (2005-06, 2008-)
  • M.Martinez
  • Co-spokesperson (1998-2003)
  • Spokesperson (2003-2005)
  • Chairman of Collaboration Board (2008-)
  • One of the 7 members of Executive Board (2008-)
  • A. Moralejo
  • Software coordinator (2006-)
  • One of the 7 members of Executive Board (2006-)
  • J. Rico
  • Convener Galactic Group (2008-)

8
Four years of data
  • We are about to complete our 4th year of
    observations
  • About 4000 hours dark time (high efficiency 65)
  • About 1300 hours of moon time (impossible by
    other telescopes)
  • We have published 47 papers in the last 3 years,
    more than one paper/month.
  • Among them we have published 3 papers in Science
  • First variable microquasar at Very High Energies
    (VHE) a quasar at short distance, i.e. easier to
    study.
  • The farthest quasar at VHE impact on density of
    Extragalactic Background Light.
  • First pulsar discovered at VHE most energetic
    photons ever emitted by a pulsar.

9
MAGIC-I scientific highlights
  • I focus on only a few relevant results
  • ?-ray binaries LSI 61 303.
  • Quasar 3c279 and implications for Extragalactic
    Background Light.
  • Flare of Mrk 501 and Lorentz invariance.
  • More highlights will be presented in next talk.

10
Binary system LS I 61 303
11
VHE radiation from LSI 61
  • First discovered by MAGIC Science 312 (2006),
    corresponding author N. Sidro (IFAE)

12
LSI 61 303 Periodicity
  • Astrophys. J. 693 (2009) 303 and PhD thesis of
    N. Sidro (IFAE)
  • Source is periodic in VHE with a period
    consistent with orbital period correlation to
    relative position of the two stars.

13
Attenuation of ?-rays in the Extragalactic
Background Light
AGN
?max 1.24 ?m (E / 1TeV)
14
Spectrum of Extragalactic Background Light
  • An imprint of the history of the Universe (star
    formation, galaxy evolution)
  • Direct measurements challenging (foregrounds)
  • ? Large uncertainties

Redshifted star light
Redshifted dust emission
15
3C 279 (z 0.536) the most distant VHE ?-ray
source
Science 320 (2008), corresponding author D.
Mazin (IFAE)
  • MAGIC detects a clear signal from 3C 279 in
    February 2006
  • First quasar detected at VHE
  • Measurements constrain EBL models under safe
    assumptions about the intrinsic spectrum

16
EBL constraints
17
Tests of speed of light invariance
L
observer
source
  • Need fast-varying source (AGN flares...)

18
Results before MAGIC
Pulsars, E up to 2 GeV, L about 10 kpc, (Kaaret,
1999)
Mrk 421, E up to 10 TeV, L about 100 Mpc
(Biller et al, 1999)
35 GRBs, E up to MeV, L beyond 7000 Mpc (Ellis
et al, 2005)
19
MAGIC observations of Mrk 501 in July 2005
Astrophys. J. 669 (2007)
  • z 0.034
  • (L?100 Mpc)
  • Hint (2.5 ?) of energy-dependent delay of fast
    flare

20
MAGIC results Phys.Lett B 668 (2008)
Linear
Quadratic
MQG lower limits (95 C.L.)
gt 6 times better than previous limits
gt 4 times better than previous limits
Strong involvement of IFAE (M. Martínez, PhD
theses of J. López, O. Blanch and M. Errando, ApP
19 (2003) 245-252, arXiv0803.2120 -subm. to NIM)
21
(obvious) caveat of method
  • Source-intrinsic E-dependent delays are possible.
  • Limits depend on the assumption of simultaneous
    emission at all Es
  • Many sources at different distances are needed

22
Upgrade to stereo MAGIC-II
23
MAGIC-II
  • The MAGIC collaboration has completed the
    installation of a second telescope, dubbed
    MAGIC-II.
  • MAGIC-II is currently in commissioning phase
    until the end of the Summer.
  • Together, MAGIC-I and MAGIC-II will operate in
    stereoscopic mode.
  • The telescope and its status will be introduced
    in the next talk. Here I will focus on main
    IFAEs contributions readout and datacenter.

First Light Ceremony, April 2009
24
Ultrafast FADCs
  • GOAL equip the MAGIC telescopes with ultrafast
    (gt2 Gs/s) high-resolution (gt10 bit) digitizers.
  • Why faster digitizers ?
  • -gt Use shower timing information to
    discriminate ?-rays from hadrons and muons at low
    threshold.
  • -gt Better discriminate Cherenkov pulses from
    night sky noise (and single-phe calibration?)

25
Timing information
gamma candidate
hadrons
muon
Three events of different type showing the energy
(left) and arrival times (right)
It will improve the time resolution to make a
better g/h separation.
26
Ultrafast compact FADCs
  • How to build them ?
  • 1) need a fast and accurate signal sampler -gt
    Domino Ring Sampler (DRS) -gt Siena/Pisa
  • 2) need a fast and efficient event building
    and data transmission -gt Pulsar boards S-link
    -gt IFAE
  • -gt Non-trivial instrumental development which has
    industrial applications and is under
    consideration for future telescopes (CTA)

27
Domino Ring Sampler
Domino Ring Sampler developed by Stefan Ritt in
PSI 2-4 GSamples/sec with gt10bit resolution DRS
is integrated into acquisition boards
28
MAGIC-II readout general scheme
29
Readout Receiver boards
  • Interfaces analog optical signals from the
    camera with the L1 trigger and the digitization
    electronics.
  • Discriminator programmable threshold, time
    delay and width of output pulse.
  • Online monitoring of individual pixel trigger
    rate and temperature.
  • Generates reference levels for domino
    calibration.

30
Readout Pulsar boards
  • 9U VME board
  • Designed for CDF L2 trigger
  • 4 mezzanine cards per domino board.
  • 2 domino chips per mezzanine
  • Each domino (DRS2) chip digitizes 10 channels.

FILAR 4 S-link 360 MB/s
HOLA 160 MB/s
31
Readout production
  • Initial idea work share on 577 channel
    readout
  • - Siena/Pisa -gt Complete system to upgrade
    MAGIC-I
  • - IFAE -gt Complete system for MAGIC-II
  • However, collaboration decided to extend camera
    to 1039 pix, so we decided to build only the
    readout for MAGIC-II
  • - Siena/Pisa -gt Mezzanines with DRS chips
  • - IFAE -gt Receiver boards with optical
    conversion, signal conditioning and
    discriminators Data AcQuisition domino
    receiver control software cooling racks
  • Time line to construction
  • - Design and prototyping -gt 2006 - 2007
  • - Full production and installation -gt 2007 -
    2008
  • -Commissioning 2008 - 2009.

32
Readout production
Crate with optical receiver boards cable
connections to trigger and FADCs (2008)
Receiver Crates (3U Backplane) Inside
water-cooled isolated racks to control temperature
FADC Crates (6U Backplane)
Full readout system in La Palma (2009)
33
Readout status
  • Currently
  • All channels are installed and read out.
  • Debugging the readout system.
  • Integrating it with the trigger and the other
    susbsystems.
  • Measuring performance of MAGIC-II and MAGIC
    system.
  • First stereo data recorded in the last month.

First events (January 2009)
34
MAGIC system datacenter
  • With the startup of MAGIC-II, the datacenter will
    be officially transfered from Germany to Spain.
  • During the past 3 years, the groups of IFAE, UCM
    and UAB have set up a scaled-down version of new
    datacenter at PIC Barcelona.
  • The datacenter now stores all MAGIC-I data in
    tape, makes it available to collaboration and
    performs an automatic standard analysis.

35
MAGIC system datacenter
  • Overall data yield of MAGIC system is 400 Tbyte /
    year, i.e. 4 times higher than for MAGIC-I alone.
  • We want to guarantee for the telescope system
  • Data transfer La Palma - PIC.
  • Data storages in tape robot.
  • Real-time automatic analysis.
  • Massive re-analysis on demand.
  • Data access to all processing levels.
  • Limited resources for private processing of
    collaborator members.
  • Access to the MAGIC data to the whole community
    (Virtual Observatory.)

36
MAGIC-I CAMERA AND READOUT UPGRADE
37
MAGIC-I upgrade
  • The collaboration has decided not to build any
    more telescopes.
  • However there are good reasons for one last
    upgrade clone the MAGIC-II camera to replace the
    old MAGIC-I camera, and accordingly clone the
    readout.
  • UCM and IFAE want to collaborate to build the
    clone of the readout.

38
Why to upgrade?
  • The total area (Field of View) of both cameras
    is roughly the same, but the trigger area is 50
    larger in MAGIC-II.
  • For MAGIC-II the whole FOV is homogeneously
    equipped with small diameter PMTs, i.e. the
    sampling of the showers is significantly better.

MAGIC-II 1039 pixels
MAGIC-I 577 pixels
39
Why to upgrade?
  • Physical reasons
  • Performance in general limited by the worst
    telescope the ?-ray acceptance is limited by the
    trigger area of MAGIC-I.
  • This is particularly true for extended and
    off-center ?-ray sources.
  • Technical reasons
  • Camera of M-I is degrading fast in the harsh
    mountain conditions and IFAE will have to pay
    more and more maintenance.
  • Current readout of M-I limited to 2 GSps and
    impossible to scale up to 1039 pixels.Difficult
    to trigger and acquire with both telescopes
    because buffer of M-I is too short.
  • MPI has bought 400 HPDs which can be installed
    easily in the new camera (but not in old one)
    without interference with M-II.

Off-center ?-ray source
40
MAGIC-I readout upgrade
  • 2010, 1st semester minor modifications to
    design, purchase of electronic components.
  • 2010, 2nd semester full production.
  • 2011, 1st semester full test at UCM.
  • 2011, 2nd semester installation commissioning.
  • Worth to mention Spanish groups want to build
    readout of CTA large telescopes. Domino chip is
    one of the two alternatives for readout of CTA.
    Expertise in readout production and in this chip
    may prove crucial for Spanish groups.

41
PROJECT OVERVIEW
42
FPA2009-07474 project overview
  • Datataking and scientific exploitation.
  • Maintenance of IFAE hardware.
  • MAGIC-I readout upgrade.
  • MAGIC system datacenter.

43
1. MAGIC III scientific exploitation
  • MAGIC-I is right now a highly productive
    instrument.
  • Our investment is now paying off!
  • We would like to keep exploiting MAGIC-I, along
    with MAGIC-II, in the 3 years of the project.

44
1. MAGIC III scientific exploitation
  • Budget is essentially travel
  • Datataking shifts 30 k
  • MAGIC meetings 50 k
  • Conferences and schools 50 k
  • Its an optimal time to make a PhD thesis in
    MAGIC
  • Two PhD grants of FPI program.

45
2. MAGIC III technical maintenance
  • We are responsible for maintenance of all IFAE
    hardware in M III camera and readout.
  • Hardware (5 production cost/yr) 120 k
  • Maintenance trips 55 k
  • Collaboration common fund 54 k

46
3. M-I readout upgrade budget
  • Readout will again be built along with INFN Pisa.
  • We will build an exact clone re-use design and
    components.
  • We know the budget accurately.
  • We will build our part with UCM, equal shares
    IFAE applies for 303.5 k.

47
3. MAGIC-I upgrade personnel
  • Small design changes, production, test setups,
    installation and commissioning at the island all
    demand technical manpower
  • We request a support technician 40 k expense
    in the project.

48
4. MAGIC system datacenter
  • Spanish groups (IFAE, UCM, UAB) committed
    themselves (via MoU) to contribute the new
    datacenter.
  • However little funding and manpower were
    allocated in the last project application.

49
4. MAGIC system datacenter
  • To fully deploy and run the datacenter in the
    next years the following resources are necessary
  • UAB group requests 50 k (see talk in the
    afternoon), so IFAE requests the remaining 200
    k.
  • For technical developments and maintenance, we
    will need technical manpower
  • Computing scientist for 3 years 120 k

50
Available manpower for FPA2009-07474
Staff researchers engineers (FTE2.5) Postdocs
students (FTE9.5) TOTAL FTE12
51
Project total budget
  • Personal - Personnel 160 k
  • Compl. salariales/salary supplements
    0 k
  • Equipamiento - Equipment 15 k
  • Fungible- Consummable 678 k
  • Viajes Travel 175 k
  • Varios - Others 0 k
  • TOTAL COSTES DIRECTOS 1027 k

52
Outlook
  • IFAE has successfully achieved the goal of
    participating among the leading institutes in the
    construction of MAGIC-I and physics analysis of
    the four years of MAGIC-I data. MAGIC-II is now
    ready and will start to operate regularly in
    stereo mode after the Summer.
  • IFAE wants to keep its profile as one of the
    strongest institutes in extracting physics from
    the telescope system.
  • The MAGIC telescopes will be completed with the
    upgrade of the MAGIC-I camera and readout and
    will stay as a very powerful and productive
    instrument until the advent of CTA in 2015.
  • IFAE wants to contribute to complete the
    instrument by building a clone readout system for
    MAGIC-I and deploying the datacenter.

53
Backup
54
Microquasar Cyg X-1
  • Microquasar stellar equivalent of quasar
    (active galaxy).
  • The compact object is a black hole of Mgt13M
  • Power released by the (dark) jet is of the same
    order or the bolometric x-ray luminosity and 2
    orders of magnitude higher than what inferred
    from the radio spectrum.

Map in radio extended bow-shock produced by jet
in interaction with interstellar matter.
A natural LHC pumping protons into the galaxy
55
Hint of VHE emission
  • The source was detected with MAGIC for only one
    night in September 2005 (ApJ Lett. 665 (2007)
    L51).
  • First evidence of VHE emision of a stellar mass
    black hole.
  • There is correlation between MAGIC detection and
    increase in soft and hard X-rays i.e. when a blob
    is ejected in the jet.

56
HESS observation of PKS2155 (z 0.116) flare in
2006
  • No delay observed ? MQG1 gt 0.52 x 1018 GeV

MQG2 gt 1.4 x 109 GeV
57
MAGIC-II sensitivity and angular resolution
58
Current FADC vs. DRS
59
Manpower request
60
Consummables
61
The threshold
  • We are publishing with a threshold of 90 GeV
  • We detect significant signal above 50 GeV
  • Understanding our efficiency towards the goal of
    50 GeV. A special task force (UHU) has been set
    up preliminary physics results at 50 GeV.
  • Substantial improvement on DM studies and
    determination of cosmological constants

62
FADC layout
P 1
DRS CRAB
VME
TRIGGER, BUSY
I / O
P 0
DRS CRAB
IPR SCALER
P 2
CTRL
DIGITAL MODULE
DRS CRAB
I / O
P 3
DRS CRAB
S-LINK HOLA
VME Backplane (Configuration)
Pulsar Board (VME 9U) Incl. Digital modules
Auxiliary Board
63
MAGIC-II readout production
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