ESP

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ESP
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ESP

• The way in which English varies according to its
  use in particular situations gt
• English for Special/Specific Purposes
• (vs General English/Everyday English)
• examples...

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• Language used in technical communication, in
  formal speech, business letters, texts written
  for specific purposes and similar specific uses.

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• ESP is classified in terms of
• Field of discourse gtshared vocabulary
• Purpose (functional tenor)
• Description, report, exposition, instruction,
  argumentation
• MEDIUM
• ESP is more strongly oriented towards written
  forms

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• The complete grammar of General English belongs
  to ESP
• Same processes of morphology and word formation
• The selection of vocabulary is influenced by the
  field
• Terminology is at least partially standardised to
  avoid ambiguity
• Special visual elements may be employed.
• English is selected, restricted, special

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• Clarity
• Precision
• Conciseness
• It is generally believed that these features
  produce morphosyntactic characteristics among
  which we are going to treat the following
• Passive verb structures
• Premodification
• Monosemous terminology
• Absence of Metaphorical meaning

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Passive verb structures

• In most cases if you have to talk or write about
  something in a specific context, you are more
  interested in highlighting the effects or the
  results of an action rather than the person or
  the fact which determined it.
• In such cases you tend to depersonalise the
  discourse by recurring to impersonal form.
• Passive verb structures are frequent in business
  texts and in medical texts for the above
  mentioned reasons.

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Premodification

• English left-handed sentence structure,
  particularly evident in adjnoun groups a green
  car, a large nose, a beautiful girl, a boring
  book, etc.
• we may also add details to a noun by employing
  another noun or a verb or an adverb as a
  premodifier apple tree, children playground,
  sleeping dog, rising sun, after-shave (cream).
• we may premodify not only nouns but even adjs
  (dark brown, sugar-free), verbs (download,
  make-believe), adverbs (stand off).

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• gt creation of COMPOUND WORDS
• a compound word is a word formed by two different
  and autonomous words which once put together
  create a new meaning.
• If you have a look at the names of financial
  products you will notice that almost all the
  financial products carry a compounded name.

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• If you have a look at the names of new jobs in
  any field which is experiencing fast development
  such as media communication, marketing or
  finance, you will find that most of them are
  compounds as well.
• Lets take a page of job ads from a newspaper
  almost every job which is advertised carries a
  compound name

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• From the syntactic point of view premodification
  enables us to create shorter sentences. Thanks to
  p. you avoid relative clauses
• Generally speaking premodification implies an
  increase in conciseness but a decrease in clarity
  because you take less time to read but more time
  to understand as it is as if you had to read
  again going backward in order to understand the
  meaning of the sentence.