The Gender Gap in Heart Disease in Eastern Europe

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Yehuda Neumark, Ph.D., M.P.H.Lecturer in
Epidemiology Braun School of Public Health
Community MedicineHebrew University-Hadassah
Jerusalem, Israel yneumark_at_md2.huji.ac.il
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The present era of epidemiology is coming to a
close. The focus on risk factors at the
individual level the hallmark of this era
will no longer serve. We need to be concerned
equally with causal pathways at the societal
level and with pathogenesis and causality at the
molecular level
Susser Susser, AJPH, 1996
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Individual
Molecular
Society
Family
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If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is
necessary that at least once in your life you
doubt, as far as possible, all things -
Descartes, Philosopher, 1596 -1650
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I had an immense advantage over many others
dealing with the problem inasmuch as I had no
fixed ideas derived from long-established
practice to control and bias my mind, and did not
suffer from the general belief that whatever is,
is right - Sir Henry Bessemer Inventor
Engineer, 1813 - 1898
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A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY today is to
become an effective instrument in the SHAPING AND
EVALUATION OF HEALTH POLICIES AND PRACTICES
Epidemiologists must OBTAIN AND ANALYSE THE
INFORMATION NEEDED and PRESENT IT to health
planners IN SUCH A WAY THAT THIS INFORMATION CAN
BE USED in policy, planning and evaluation.

• Michel Thuriaux, Epidemiology and Statistics
  Unit, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1992