WEL COME

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WEL COME
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FOOD BASED STRATEGY TO IMPROVE IRON AND
VITAMIN-A NUTRITURE OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
Kaml G.Nath Professor Department of Food Scinece
Nutrition University of Agricultural
Sciences Bengalure 560 024
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Introduction
Increasing dietary diversification is the most
important factor in providing a wide range of
micronutrients To achieve this objective in a
development context requires an adequate supply,
access and consumption of a variety of foods
Agricultural and food policies tend to be
oriented to primary agricultural productions, but
they could also be formulated to promote and
support home gardens. This process could be
achieved by encouraging and creating awareness
regarding consumption of fresh green leafy
vegetables during season and also to consume
greens powder by incorporating into recipes in
daily diet --- a vitamin mineral and
phytonutrient rich vegetables.
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Continue.....
The low bioavailability of some key
micronutrients from foods, such as Fe, are
substantially enhanced with the right food
combinations and with appropriate food
processing and preparation techniques. Simple
appropriate technology for the preservation of
micronutrient rich food would need further
development and promotion for their year-round
availability. Linking community development
policies to national programmes for the
alleviation of hunger and malnutrition, with an
emphasis on increasing the variety of foods
consumed, is probably the best strategy for
improving micronutrient malnutrition
sustainably.
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Objectives
Broad objective
Specific objective
To identify and utilize the under utilized
greens to improve the iron and vitamin A status
of school children
To study the impact of feeding knolkhol greens on
iron and vitamin A status of school children.
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Methodology
Selection of under-utilized greens
Nutrient composition of knolkhol greens in
comparison with commonly used greens
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Processing of Knol-Khol greens
Spreading
Trimming
Soaking in 5 salt solution
Washing in running tap water
Packing
Sieving
Chopping
Cabinet drying at 600C (8 hrs)
Powdering
Nutrient Composition of Knol-Khol Greens Powder
Computed
Computed
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Locale of the study
A cross sectional study was carried out among the
school children residing in an Ashram named
Sumangali Sevashram at Cholanayakanahlli,
Bengaluru Rural District.
Selection of the subjects
School children 13 - 15 yrs
(n80) Screening for Hb and serum retinol
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Distribution of subjects by haemoglobin level
Anonymous (1986)
Distribution of subjects by vitamin A status
Anonymous (1982)
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Assessment of Nutritional Status of Children

• Anthropometry - Height (cms), Weight (kg),
  MUAC (cms),
• Triceps skinfold (mm)
• Jelliffe
• Dietary status seven days 24 hour
  Recall method
• Computation of nutrient content of the food
  consumed by
• each chilled per day
• Comparison with RDA
• Computation of percent adequacy Actual
  intake
• Percent adequacy
  -------------------------- X 100
• 
  RDA
• Health and morbidity status - ICMR schedule
• Biochemical - Hb cyanomethaemoglobin
• method Serum
  retinol - (Anon 1983)

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Product Formulation
Organoleptic evaluation

• 13 semi trained panel
• 5 point hedonic scale

Masala roti Masala bun Laddoo
Products had Knol-Khol greens powder incorporated
at various levels
Nutrient composition of value added products
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Total and bioavailable iron was estimated in all
the products (Luten et al., 1996)
Total and bioavailable iron in selected value
added products.
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Dietary Intervention Programme
60 children
Experimental 30
Control 30
Masala bun
Masala roti
Laddoo
Masala bun
Masala roti
Laddoo
(3) (3) (2) (with
added greens powder)
(Without knol-khol greens powder)
Feeding each product for 30 days Total
number of feeding days 90
Masala roti
Laddoo
Masala bun
(3 nos.133g)
(2 nos.120g)
(2 nos. 75g)

• Deworming of the subjects was carried out in
  the beginning of the
• intervention programme

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Results
Prevalence of anaemia in study population
Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in study
population
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Percent deficit in the anthropometric
measurements
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Mean intake of food stuffs with percent deficit
a-Swaminathan,(2000), NS-Non significant ,
Significant at 5 percent level Significant at
1percent level
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Mean nutrient intake with percent adequacy
a-Gopalan et al., (1999), NS-Non significant ,
Significant at 5 percent level Significant
at 1percent level
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Mean hemoglobin and serum retinol level of
children
Significant at 1 percent level
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Mean hemoglobin and serum retinol level of
children before and after intervention
NS Non Significant, Significant at 5 percent
level, Significant at 1 percent level
Percent increase in the biochemical parameters
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Mean anthropometric measurements of children
before and after intervention
NS Non-Significant, Significant at 5
percent level
Percent increase in the anthropometric
measurements
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CONCLUSION

• These findings revealed that the health and
  nutritional status of school children is
  inadequate, especially with iron and vitamin A
  status.
• The under-utilized greens powder being a
  potential source of the same and they are
  inexpensive.
• Thus information, education and communication
  must be made an essential component in all the
  intervention programmes to create an awareness
  regarding the utilization of greens powder to
  better the micronutrient malnutrition among this
  population

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Thank you
Slide design by Mr. B.K. Viswanath, AICRP(FN),
UASB