Title: International Training Workshop on Groundwater Modelling for Arid and SemiArid Areas
1(No Transcript)
2- International Training Workshop on Groundwater
Modelling for Arid and Semi-Arid Areas -
- G-WADI Asia Meeting
Sustainable Groundwater Management in
Balochistan Province of Pakistan A Case Study
Dr Muhammad Akram Kahlown and Dr Ashfaq Ahmed
Sheikh Pakistan Council of Research in Water
Resources Ministry of Science and
Technology 11-17 June 2007
3Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
4CURRENT SITUATION
- In arid and semi-arid areas, the problems of
water scarcity are exacerbated by population
growth, expansion of agricultural activities,
induced salinity and agricultural/urban pollution - Pakistan has mainly arid to semi-arid climate
- Rainfall ranges from 125 mm in the extreme
southern plains to 1500 to 1900 mm in the
mountains and northern plains - More than 85 of the area receives rainfall less
than 250 mm - About 70 per cent of total rainfall in monsoon
and remaining during winter
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
5CURRENT SITUATION
5260
160 Million (2007)
WATER AVAILABILITY (MAF) POPULATION (Million)
1080 m3 (2007)
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6BALOCHISTAN
- Balochistan province is unique in its
geo-political position in Pakistan south-western
part (44 area) - An arid mountainous region receiving an average
annual rainfall of about 200 mm
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
7BALOCHISTAN
- Groundwater is the main dependable source of
water as most of the streams are ephemeral - Rainwater in small to large streams/rivers plays
a major role in groundwater development and arid
agriculture
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
8BALOCHISTAN
- Due to scarcity of water, out of 186,000 km2
culturable land, less than 50 area is under
cultivation - The province suffered due to inefficient use of
its resources water, bio-diversity, rangelands,
forest and soils -
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9GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
- Growing population is increasing water demand and
reduced rainfall increased groundwater
utilization.
10RIVER BASINS
- There are fourteen major basins in the province
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11GROUNDWATER BALANCE
12PILOT BASINS
Pishin Lora
Hamun-e-Mushkel
Mula
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13ASSESSMENT CASE
- The case study focused on assessment of status of
groundwater utilization, present potential,
responsible factors and future scenario - Data collection through monitoring and field
activities - Secondary data from relevant agencies WAPDA,
Irrigation and Power Department, Agriculture
Department, Population Census, etc. - Further strategic and research activities
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14Case Study 1 Pishi-Lora Basin
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15Pishin-Lora Basin
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16Groundwater Monitoring
17Groundwater Decline
18Water Balance in the Basin
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19Water Demand and Utilization
- Water is supplied through tubewells, hand pumps,
wells, karezes and springs
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
20Agriculture Water Utilization
- Basin is good for crops, fruits and vegetables
- Major crops wheat, sunflower, fodder
- Major fruits apple, apricot, almond, grapes,
peach, plum, cherry, pomegranate, pistachio etc.
21Agriculture Water Utilization
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22Water Quality
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23Main Observations
- High rate of electrical tubewells installation
due to flat charge rates and led to
indiscriminate and inefficient use of groundwater - Most agriculture by traditional irrigation
techniques (flooding) - Most tubewells either abandoned or further
drilling done to pump water - Situation led to drying of most fruit orchards
- Groundwater extraction beyond sustainable limit
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24Case Study 2 Mula Basin
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25Mula Basin
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26Water Demand and Utilization
- Water is supplied through tubewells, hand pumps,
wells, karezes and springs - No monitoring groundwater network
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27Agriculture Water Utilization
- Basin is good for crops, fruits and vegetables
- Major crops wheat, barley, cumin, fodder
- Major fruits apple, peach, plum, apricot
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28Agriculture Water Utilization
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29Water Quality
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30Main Observations
- High rate of electrical tubewells installation
due to flat charge rates and led to
indiscriminate and inefficient use of groundwater - Most agriculture by traditional irrigation
techniques (flooding) - No permanent monitoring network
- Sufficient groundwater potential available as
balance is 14 MCM, out of 23 MCM.
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31Case Study 3 Hamun-e-Mushkel
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32Hamun-e-Mushkel Basin
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33Water Demand and Utilization
- Water is supplied through tubewells, hand pumps,
wells, karezes and springs - Groundwater monitoring non-existent
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
34Agriculture Water Utilization
- Basin is good for crops, fruits and vegetables
- Major crops/vegetables wheat, fodder, onion,
potato - Major fruits apricot, pomegranate, dates, melon
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35Agriculture Water Utilization
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36Water Quality
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
37Main Observations
- High rate of diesel tubewells installation due to
scanty population in desert area - Most agriculture by traditional irrigation
techniques (flooding) - No permanent monitoring network
- Sufficient groundwater potential available as
balance is 56 MCM, out of 61 MCM - The quality of groundwater and sparse population
density have been limiting factors for
development.
38Overall Water Balance in Balochistan
39RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
- Enforcement of a water management authority
including community members to coordinate water
resources planning/ development - Long term sustainable resource management
strategy including reduced groundwater
utilization development of new surface supplies
involving storage dams, leaky dams for recharge
reduction in demand from some sectors notably
agriculture through adoption of efficient water
management techniques. - In rural areas, establishing a relationship
between power charges and water consumption for
agriculture. The present flat rate charges should
be abolished. - Future prices of water and electricity should
reflect the commodities opportunity cost. - A policy of controlled groundwater mining must be
acknowledged. A strategy should be established in
those areas where the aquifer storage can be
proven sufficient to provide resource until such
time as sustainable resources may be available. - Establishment of a regular groundwater monitoring
network - An awareness campaign to deliver the message of
efficient water conservation and management
techniques for all water users.
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
40ACTIVITIES AND PROPOSED ESTIMATE FOR PILOT BASINS
US
Total US 127,000
Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07
41Thanks
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