Title: Developing Measures and Actions to Address Limiting Factors and Threats
1Developing Measures and Actions to Address
Limiting Factors and Threats
- Todd Alsbury
- District Fish Biologist
- North Willamette Watershed District
2Presentation Outline
- Limiting factors threats to Lower Gorge
populations - Bonneville Hatchery complex
- Land Use-Highway and R/R
- LF T to Sandy populations and brief discussion
of management actions - Sandy Hydro
- Sandy Hatchery
- Sandy Land Use
- LFT to Clackamas populations and overview of
management actions to address specific threats - Clackamas Hydro
- Clackamas and Eagle Creek hatcheries
- Clackamas Land Use
3Bonneville Cascade Hatchery
Oxbow Hatchery
Lower Gorge Populations
4Current Status of Lower Gorge Populations
5Lower Gorge-Hatchery Threats
3 - Interbreeding of stray hatchery Tule Chinook
from Bonneville, hatchery coho from various
sources. Redd superimposition from hatchery
strays.
6Lower Gorge-Hatchery Key Threats
- Chinook and Coho
- Specific Threat
- Interbreeding and redd superimposition of
hatchery strays - Tule fall Chinook from Bonneville Hatchery URB
fall Chinook from Bonneville Coho from Cascade,
Oxbow, and Bonneville Hatchery Steelhead from
various hatcheries. - Management Action
- Hatchery operations designed to reduce impact of
hatchery strays. - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain evaluate to determine success in
relationship to recovery goal - Modifications Needed?
- Not determined at this time.
- Timelines
- Ongoing
7Lower Gorge Land-use Threats
8b - Simplified habitat in both Hwy and railroad
lands for all steelhead life stages, chum eggs,
alevins, fry, returning adults, and spawners, and
fall Chinook returning adults and spawners.
8Lower Gorge-Land useKey Threat
- Coho, Chum, Fall Chinook, Winter Steelhead
- Specific Threat
- Simplified habitat in both Hwy and railroad lands
for all steelhead and coho life stages, chum
eggs, alevins, fry, returning adults, and
spawners and fall Chinook returning adults and
spawners. - Management Action
- Restore habitat adversely affected by Hwy and
railroad lands. - Work with Union Pacific Rail to develop habitat
friendly track management options - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain evaluate in relationship to recovery
goal. - Modifications Needed?
- Not determined at this time.
- Timelines
- Ongoing
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10Sandy Hatchery
Sandy Populations
11Current Status of Sandy Populations
12Sandy Harvest Threats
No in-basin harvest threats identified
13Sandy Hydro Threats
1c-Direct mortality from hydropower production at
Marmot and Little Sandy Dams
14Sandy Hydro-Secondary Threats
- Fall and spring Chinook
- Specific Threat
- Direct mortality from hydropower production
associated with Marmot and Little Sandy Dams - Management Action
- Eliminate direct mortality associated with PGE
Bull Run Hydropower Project (Marmot and Little
Sandy Dam decommissioning). - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain
- Once action is complete, threat will be
eliminated - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing pending dam removal in 2007
15Sandy Hydro-Priority Locations
16Marmot/Little Sandy Dam
- Marmot Dam scheduled to be de-commissioned in
2007 - Little Sandy Dam scheduled for 2008
- Both dam structures and all associated facilities
will be removed - Fish ladder, flume, Roslyn Lake, Bull Run
Powerhouse - Concerns related to deposition of accumulated
sediment downstream from Marmot Dam - Fish management issues related to dam removal
- Sorting of hatchery and wild fish
- Loss of fish monitoring capabilities
17Marmot Dam
- Built in 1909
- 45 feet high
- 345 feet long
- Water diversion structure
18Marmot Dam
19Little Sandy Dam
- 15 feet high
- 115 feet long
- No fish passage
- Almost all flow diverted through flume and into
Roslyn Lake
20Sandy Hydro System
21Sandy Land-use Threats
22Sandy Land Use-Key Threats
- All species
- Specific Threat
- Fine sediment inputs from variety of sources
(above and beyond natural background levels) - Management Action
- Identify fine sediment sources contributing to
excess fine sediment in tributaries (timber,
agricultural, urban) - Work with ODOT to improve management of road sand
from Hwy 26 - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
23Sandy Land Use-Key Threats
- All species with the exception of chum
- Specific Threat
- Impact of land use practices on physical habitat
complexity and off channel habitat - Management Action
- Improve habitat complexity and off channel
habitat availability, particularly in areas with
high intrinsic potential for high quality habitat
- Utilize established plans and inventories to
implement high priority restoration actions
(Anchor Habitat Report, Restoration Strategy) - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
24Sandy Land Use-Key Threats
- Coho
- Specific Threat
- Stress/mortality associated with high water
temperature - Management Action
- Improve summer water temperature in stream
reaches that fail DEQ criteria for water
temperature standards for salmonids due to
anthropogenic causes. - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
25Sandy Land Use-Key Threats
- Chum
- Specific Threat
- Passage at road crossings and other land use
related passage impediments - Management Action
- Identify and prioritize fish passage projects in
the basin - Improve access to high quality spawning and
rearing areas - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Success may depend on suitability of habitat made
available - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
26Sandy River Basin Partners-Developed Anchor
Habitat Report, Basin Characterization Report and
Restoration Strategy (All available through the
Portland Water Bureau website)
27Sandy Land Use-Key Threats
- Chinook (all) and Winter Steelhead
- Specific Threat
- Impaired gravel recruitment below Bull Run Dams
- Management Action
- Improve gravel recruitment in lower Bull Run by
augmenting gravel below Bull Run Dam 2 - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Feasibility of augmenting gravel and keeping it
in basin - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
28Bull Run 1
Bull Run 2 Spillway weir
29Sandy Land Use-Key Threats
- Spring Chinook and Winter Steelhead
- Specific Threat
- Impaired passage over Bull Run dams
- Management Action
- Improve upstream and downstream passage at Bull
Run dams (City of Portland is not proposing to
provide passage at Bull Run Dams) - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Pending City of Portland HCP outlines actions to
mitigate for not providing passage at the dams - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results of HCP actions - Timelines
- Ongoing
30Sandy Land Use-Key Threats
- All species with the exception of chum
- Specific Threat
- Altered streamflows due to Bull Run
- Management Action
- Improve streamflows altered by withdrawal of
municipal water - The City of Portland will maintain guaranteed
minimum streamflows in the lower Bull Run River
to benefit fall and spring Chinook, steelhead,
and coho - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
31City of Portland Habitat Conservation Plan
- Portlands Bull Run Water Supply Habitat
Conservation Plan will describe the commitments
the Bureau will make to improve habitat necessary
for the fish species that have been impacted by
the Bull Run supply system. Measures in the plan
will also address water temperature requirements
of the Clean Water Act. - Actions include Purchase of conservation
easements, riparian enhancement, fish passage
restoration, LWD placement, side channel
development - Current list identifies over 100 actions that
will improve habitat for listed fish throughout
the basin
32Sandy-Hatchery Threats
Sandy Threats
2a- Hatchery weir at Sandy Hatchery on Cedar
Creek 3-Hatchery strays from Sandy Hatchery
interbreeding with naturally produced fish
33Sandy Hatchery-Priority Locations
Sandy Hatchery
- Stray hatchery coho from Sandy Hatchery in Gordon
Creek - Stray hatchery spring Chinook in the upper Sandy
Basin
34Sandy Hatchery-Secondary Threats
- Coho and winter steelhead
- Specific Threat
- Hatchery weir at Sandy Hatchery on Cedar Creek
used to divert adult salmon and steelhead into
hatchery trap completely blocks passage - Management Action
- Improve impaired passage at Sandy Hatchery weir
- Implement trap and haul operation to selectively
pass unmarked fish upstream - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Passage plans and designs currently being
developed
35Sandy Hatchery
- Passage blocked since hatchery constructed in
1956 (over 12 miles of anadromous habitat above
hatchery) - Blocked to prevent possible pathogen introduction
into hatchery fish - Identified as one of the top priorities for
passage restoration in the Sandy Basin - Future direction
- Water intake upgrade (NMFS criteria screening)
- Passage plan (trap and haul?)
- Adult trapping facility upgrade
36Sandy HatcheryAdult diversion weir
37Sandy Hatchery
Wooden picket weir blocks passage at most flows
Adult trap and holding pens
38Sandy HatcheryWater intake dam fish screens
Concrete intake diversion dam -Old fish ladder is
not functional
39Sandy Hatchery-Secondary Threats
- Coho and spring Chinook
- Specific Threat
- Hatchery strays from Sandy Hatchery interbreeding
with naturally produced fish - Management Action
- Reduce impact of hatchery strays by increasing
homing to specific acclimation/release sites - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - Returns from recent program changes will not be
seen for 2-3 years - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Program modifications are ongoing
40Clackamas Hatchery
Clackamas Populations
41Current Status of Clackamas Populations
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43Clackamas Hydro Threats
1b-Injury, and direct mortality of downstream
migrating spring Chinook, steelhead, and coho
smolts at hydropower operations 7c-Inadequate
high quality spawning gravel for fall and spring
Chinook salmon due to impaired gravel
recruitment below hydro projects 8a-Reduced
habitat quality due to hydro project
operations 9a-Higher water temperature due to
project operations result in increase stress and
mortality on coho summer parr, spring Chinook
summer parr, steelhead summer parr, and
potentially fall chinook eggs
44- Injury and direct mortality of downstream migrants
Deep Creek
Clear Creek
Rivermill Dam
Eagle Creek
North Fork Dam
- Inadequate spawning gravel recruitment below
hydro projects
- Reduced habitat quality due to hydro project
operations
- Increased temperature due to reservoir heating
project operations
Hydro-PriorityLocations
45Hydro-Key Threats
- Spring Chinook
- Specific Threat
- Mortality of smolts at hydropower facilities (2nd
Threat for coho/StHd) - Management Action
- Retrofitting of hydro facilities to reduce
juvenile mortality per FERC Settlement Agreement - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain Potential survival gains have not been
demonstrated or evaluated in relationship to
recovery goals - FERC license not issued (pending 401 Water Qual.
Certification) - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations propose changes
based on recovery scenarios - Timelines
- Review and Recommendations Recovery Plan
- Implementation per Settlement Agreement
46Specific actions to address key
threats-Clackamas River Hydropower
- Portland General Electric is currently in the
process of renewing their FERC license for the
Clackamas Hydro project - The Settlement Agreement identified several
actions that are designed to address threats
related to juvenile mortality at hydro facilities - Reduce anadromous downstream migrant injury and
mortality through Clackamas River Hydro Project
(98 survival target) - Surface collector for out-migrating juveniles to
increase number of fish using juvenile bypass
pipeline and limiting turbine and spill related
mortality - Improve spillways to reduce injury/mortality
- Increase minimum flows needed to provide for
natural outmigration
47Hydro-Secondary Threats
- Fall and Spring Chinook
- Specific Threat
- Loss of spawning gravel due to impaired sediment
transport below projects - Management Action
- Add spawning gravel below projects annually per
FERC Settlement Agreement - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Uncertain
- Not clear if actions will be effective or
adequate to meet the goals of the recovery plan - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations propose changes
based on recovery scenarios - Timelines
- Evaluation and Recommendations Recovery Plan
- Implementation per Settlement Agreement
48Specific actions to address threats-Clackamas
River Hydropower
- Actions identified in the Settlement Agreement
between PGE and the Clackamas Settlement Working
Group - Augment spawning gravel lost due to impaired
gravel transport processes - 10,000-25,000 cubic yards of spawning sized
gravel will be added to the river below Rivermill
Dam - Action will restore natural geomorphic processes,
increase available spawning gravel, and
potentially reduce temperature downstream - Benefits
- fall Chinook spawning (Threat Code 7c) and egg
incubation (9a) - spring Chinook spawning (7c) and rearing (9a)
- winter steelhead - egg incubation and rearing
(9a) - coho rearing and migration (9a)
49PGE/Clackamas Hydro System
50- State of the art fish ladder improves upstream
migration - New concrete spillway reduces mortality of
juvenile (1b) and adult StW downstream migrants - Gravel augmentation program (7c)
River Mill Dam
51River Mill Fish Ladder
52North Fork Dam
- Improve downstream migrant survival by guiding
fish to pipeline entrance (1b) - Reduce turbine related mortality and delay (1b)
- Improve spillway to limit spillway related
mortality (1b)
53Hatchery Threats
3-Hatchery Strays from Eagle Creek Hatchery
interbreeding with naturally produced fish in
lower Clackamas (Deep Eagle Cr) 3-Hatchery
Strays from Clackamas Hatchery interbreeding with
naturally produced fish in the lower Clackamas
River
54Hatchery-Key Threats
- Coho
- Specific Threat
- Hatchery strays from Eagle Creek Hatchery
interbreeding with naturally produced fish in
lower Clackamas (Deep Eagle Cr) - Recent monitoring indicates some level of
temporal and spatial separation between hatchery
and wild coho in lower basin - Management Action
- Currently Under evaluation by HSRG and USFWS
- Proposals range from maintaining current program,
reducing smolt releases, changing broodstock, to
elimination of the program - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Unknown evaluate range of proposals in relation
to recovery goal - Modifications Needed?
- None pending further monitoring and analysis
revise as necessary based on results - Timelines
- Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG) process
ongoing - Public comment period on USFWS review through
March 8
55Clear Creek
Eagle Creek NFH
Clackamas River
Rivermill Dam
North Fork Dam
- Hatchery Priority Locations
- Stray hatchery coho from Eagle Creek Hatchery in
Rock, Deep and Eagle creeks
56Specific actions to address threat-USFWS review
of Eagle Creek NFH developed a range of
recommendations to address potential threats to
wild Clackamas coho
- Maintain current program (500,000 early-run coho)
- Implement full range of program specific
recommendations - Provides tremendous benefits to important sport
and commercial fisheries close to Portland/Metro
area - Reduce smolt release numbers
- Reduce level of risk to naturally produced fish
- Minimize swamping the natural population
- Transfer some portion of production to Youngs
Bay net pens - Modify broodstock source
- Current program is segregated and is a
combination of numerous sources both inside and
outside the basin - Clackamas River late wild stock?
- Integrated Eagle Creek stock?
- Eliminate program
- Completely removes risk to lower river coho
- Reduces fishery benefits since fishery targets
early run fish from this program
57Hatchery-Secondary Threats
- Spring Chinook
- Specific Threat
- Spring chinook from Clackamas Hatchery
interbreeding with naturally produced spring
chinook in the lower Clackamas River - Management Action
- Modify hatchery practices to reduce interactions
between hatchery origin spring Chinook and
naturally produced spring Chinook. - Options include developing new acclimation
facilities, maintaining fish on-station,
improving hatchery facility, reducing release
numbers, improving fishery benefits. - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Unknown Benefits from recent changes not
realized and additional changes are in process - Potential actions will be evaluated in
relationship to recovery goals - Modifications Needed?
- Increase homing to existing and pending
acclimation/release sites - Timelines
- Evaluation and Recommendations Recovery Plan
- Implementation - Ongoing
58Deep Creek
Clear Creek
Eagle Creek
Rivermill Dam
North Fork Dam
Clackamas Hatchery
Hatchery Priority Locations
- Hatchery spring Chinook in the Lower Clackamas
River
59Specific actions to address secondary hatchery
threat-Clackamas Hatchery Spring Chinook
- Develop new acclimation facilities
- Utilize sites that have a unique water source to
increase homing to specific areas - Benefit anglers by slowing fish down and
spreading them throughout the lower river - Off-station release sites include Eagle Creek
(160,000), Cassidy Pond (80,000), Foster Creek
(80,000), and Clackamette Cove (160,000) - Maintain fish on-station to improve homing to
Clackamas Hatchery - Juvenile spring chinook are transferred to two
different rearing facilities out of basin - May effect homing to hatchery or Clackamas basin
- Upgrade hatchery facility
- Utilize all hatchery space to provide for
management flexibility - Allows for marking and monitoring of special
release groups
60Specific actions to address secondary hatchery
threat-Clackamas Hatchery Spring Chinook
- Reduce release numbers to manage level of risk
- Current program releases 1.15 million spring
Chinook - Roughly 900,000 are currently released on-station
- Modify broodstock source
- Current program is segregated but is based on
in-basin stock - Due to increased numbers of wild fish, the
opportunity to integrate the program may exist - Minimizes risk to natural populations if hatchery
produced fish interbreed with naturally produced
fish
61Clackamas Land-use Threats
62Land Use-Key Threats
- Coho, fall and spring Chinook, winter steelhead
- Specific Threat
- Physical habitat quality/quantity (a loss of
complexity /or off-channel habitat due to land
management activities) - Management Action
- Use existing assessment and action plans (i.e.
Clackamas Basin Action Plan to focus restoration
efforts) - Continue to conduct habitat inventories as needed
to identify and prioritize future restoration
opportunities - Continue to work with state and federal agencies,
municipalities, watershed councils, and
landowners to conduct collaborative projects - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Unknown
- Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations propose changes
based on recovery scenarios - Timeline-Ongoing
63- Land Use Priority Locations
- Reduced habitat complexity due to floodplain and
riparian development, stream channelization, and
limited large wood input
64Specific Actions to Address Key Land Use
Threats-Clackamas Land Use
- Utilize established plans (i.e. Clackamas Basin
Action Plan) and inventories to identify and
prioritize habitat actions based on their ability
to improve viability parameters - Action Plan identifies projects that would
restore habitat complexity by adding large wood
and re-connecting side channel habitat as
priorities - Numerous projects already completed by local
groups (Clackamas River Basin Council, PGE,
METRO, ODFW, and many others) - Habitat inventories can assist in identifying
reach specific actions - Inventories complete in Clear, Deep, and North
Fork Eagle Creek - Need to update old inventories and complete
inventories in basins yet to be surveyed
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67Clackamas Action Plan- Priority Locations
In general terms ecological integrity is
generally higher on forestland, and decreases in
agricultural and urban landscapes. Restoration
and enhancement actions will therefore generally
focus on the much smaller but more altered
landscapes in the lower Clackamas River basin
that is primarily in private ownership.
Strategies and actions are organized by ten
major geographic groupings. These groupings are
based on land ownership and land use
considerations as well as natural
characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the
private lands area in the Lower Basin, consistent
with the Councils mission.
68City of Portland-Actions to benefit habitat in
the Lower Willamette River and tributaries within
city limits
- Sustainable Stormwater Management Program (SSMP)
- Provides outreach, financial and technical
assistance, and education for new and
redeveloping properties that incorporate
innovative stormwater techniques performance
evaluation of stormwater management facilities - Erosion Control Program
- Identify proactive practices that can be taken to
prevent erosion, releases of sediment and other
pollutants generated at a site of ground
disturbance - City-wide Revegetation Program
- Revegetation Program restores native vegetation
in riparian, wetland and upland habitats to
provide habitat, protect water quality and
protect infrastructure - Habitat Restoration Program
- Projects designed to restore fish and wildlife
habitat, improve water quality, restore normative
flows and improve flood management
69Specific Actions to Address Key Land Use
Threats-Clackamas Land Use
- Reduced physical habitat quality/quantity (a loss
of complexity /or off-channel habitat due to
land management activities) - Restore side-channel habitat lost due to
channelization, reduced large wood loading, and
bank armoring - Increase habitat complexity in streams
experiencing reduced wood loading due to
floodplain/riparian development and past timber
harvest practices
70Parsons Side Channel Restoration
71Parsons Side Channel - Project Location
Project Location
USGS DAMASCUS QUAD
72Parsons Project Groundwater Channel, Overflow
Channel Side Channel
73Overflow Channel - Located on left bank looking
downstream from Barton Bridge
74Parsons Overflow Channel
- Before
- 4-6 feet of accumulated sediment
- Reed canary grass, blackberry
- Fish entrapment
- After
- Over 400,000 cubic yards removed
- River gravel exposed
- 1800 feet of channel restored
75Overflow Channel
- Winter rearing and refuge habitat for juvenile
salmonids. - Actively flowing when Clackamas River discharge
exceeds 1,000 cfs (Oct - Jun)
76Overflow Channel
Engineered logjam at side-channel entrance
77Overflow Channel - Low high water
78Groundwater Channel Located on left bank
downstream of Barton Bridge
Clackamas River
Groundwater Channel
Barton Park
Bakers Ferry Rd.
79Parsons Groundwater Channel
- 1-3 cfs of groundwater flow in summer
- 2-5 cfs of groundwater flow in winter
- Back-watered during flood events
Channel construction and large woody debris
installations
80- Measurements of stream temperature taken to
assess potential benefits to salmonids - Affect of hyporheic flow provides benefits during
summer and winter
81River Island Goose Creek
82River Island Goose Creek
- Reshape Floodplain (G)
- Lower/remove dike (F)
- Fill and grade northern and middle ponds (B and
C) - Open lower end of abandoned channel (A)
- Preserve southern pond (D)
- Preserve former settling basin (E)
83Land use-Secondary Threats
- Coho, chum, fall Chinook, winter steelhead
- Specific Threat
- Fine sediment inputs from variety of sources that
impacts the survival of coho, fall Chinook, chum,
and steelhead eggs and alevins - Management Action
- Reduce fine sediment inputs that adversely impact
incubating eggs and alevins (agricultural, timber
harvest, roads, urban development) - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Unknown evaluate in relationship to recovery
goal - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
84- Land use-Priority Locations
- Fine sediment inputs from a variety of land use
sources
85Specific Actions to Address Secondary
Threats-Clackamas Land-use
- Fine sediment inputs from variety of sources that
impacts the survival of coho, fall Chinook, chum,
and steelhead eggs and alevins - Inventory and monitor sediment sources in order
to prioritize restoration actions (Clackamas
Action Plan) - Streambank bio-engineering in urban landscapes
- Riparian planting projects
- Volunteer opportunities
- Landowner incentives
86Land use-Secondary Threats
- Coho, fall and spring Chinook, winter steelhead
- Specific Threat
- High water temperatures due to degraded riparian
conditions result in increase stress and
mortality on coho summer parr, spring Chinook
summer parr, steelhead fry and summer parr, and
potentially fall chinook eggs. - Management Action
- Improve summer water temperature in stream
reaches that fail DEQ criteria for water
temperature standards for salmonids due to
anthropogenic causes. - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Unknown evaluate in relationship to recovery
goal - Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
87- Land use-Priority Locations
- High water temperatures resulting from degraded
riparian conditions
88Specific Actions to Address Secondary
Threats-Clackamas Land-use
- High water temperatures due to degraded riparian
conditions result in increase stress and
mortality on coho summer parr, spring Chinook
summer parr, steelhead fry and summer parr, and
potentially fall chinook eggs. - Improve riparian conditions in all tributaries
- Protect existing healthy riparian areas
throughout the basin - Increase instream flow during summer months when
temperature effects are greatest - Purchase/lease water rights
- Eliminate illegal water withdrawal
- Promote water conservation
89Land use-Secondary Threats
- Chum
- Specific Threat
- Road crossings and other land use related passage
impediments impairs the upstream migration of
returning adult chum - Management Action
- Utilize existing inventory information to
prioritize passage restoration actions to benefit
chum salmon - Is Action Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Unknown
- Need to evaluate in relationship to recovery goal
- Modifications Needed?
- None pending new evaluations revise as necessary
based on results - Timelines
- Ongoing
90- Land Use Priority Locations
- Road crossings and other passage impediments
restricting access to chum spawning habitat
91Specific Actions to Address Secondary
Threats-Clackamas Land Use
- Road crossings and other land use related passage
impediments impairs the upstream migration of
returning adult chum - Utilize existing inventories to identify passage
projects that will benefit chum salmon - Conduct inventory and assessment of historic chum
habitat in tributaries outside Clackamas
Sub-basin (Johnson, Kellogg, Abernethy creeks) - Provide unrestricted passage at the Hwy
99/McGloughlin Boulevard fishway on Kellogg Creek - Improve passage at Hwy 43 culvert on Tryon Creek
- Assess passage status at Hwy 99 crossing over
Abernethy Creek Beaver Lake fishway in Abernethy
Creek
92Clackamas Hatchery
Mt. Hood National Forest
93Federal Land Management in the Clackamas
Basin-Northwest Forest Plan
- Ecosystem Management approach
- Focus on restoring natural processes, improving
water quality, re-establishing connectivity,
providing for species and habitat diversity - Aquatic Conservation Strategy
- Key (priority) Watersheds
- Collowash River, Roaring River, Upper Clackamas,
Oak Grove Fork - Riparian Reserves
- 300 foot buffers on fish bearing streams, lakes
and ponds - 100-150 foot buffers on non fish-bearing streams
- Watershed Analysis
- Provides baseline information on health of
watersheds in forest lands - Watershed Restoration
- Focus restoration efforts in priority watersheds
94Key Land Use Threats
- Management Strategy Protect and conserve natural
ecological processes that support the viability
of populations and their primary life history
strategies throughout their life cycle - Specific Threat
- All degraded habitat limiting factors due to land
management activities - Management Actions
- Protect highest quality habitats through
acquisition and conservation - Adopt and manage Cooperative Agreements
- Conserve rare and unique functioning habitats
- Consistently apply Best Management Practices and
existing laws to protect and conserve natural
ecological processes - Range of Programs to Address Strategy
- Federal Wilderness, Wild/Scenic rivers, Key
Watersheds, CREP, CRP, etc. - State OWEB, ODA (AWQMP)
- NGOs Nature Conservancy, Water Trust, etc.
95Key Land Use Threats-Contd
- Management Strategy Protect and conserve natural
ecological processes that support the viability
of populations and their primary life history
strategies throughout their life cycle - Are Programs Sufficient to Address Threat?
- Generally No limited scope, socio-political
resistance, dependent on willing landowners, some
programs too new to evaluate - Modifications Needed?
- Expand out reach for programs like AWQMP,
evaluate effectiveness of new and existing
programs - Timelines
- Ongoing
96Landuse Summary
- Action Plan provides solid technical basis for
tributary-based recovery actions - Need to evaluate in relationship to other Hs
- Focus on private lands where restoration
potential is greatest - Need evaluation of program sufficiency
- Portland Watershed Management Plan provides
additional support for actions in tributaries and
the lower Willamette - Federal mgmt provides protection and restoration
strategy for best habitats
97Thank you!
Please call if you have any questions or need
specific information related to material in this
presentation 971-673-6011 Todd.Alsbury_at_state.or.us