Supervisory Control in a Dynamic and Unvertain Environment : A process Model of Skilled Human-Environment Interaction

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Supervisory Control in a Dynamic and Unvertain
Environment A process Model of Skilled
Human-Environment Interaction
Alex Kirlik, R. A. Miller, and Richard J.
Jagacinski
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Introduction
Human-Computer Interaction ? Human-Environment
Interaction
Interface design must be constrained by knowledge
of both the cognitive abilities of the Human
operator and the task-relevant properties of the
environment
Environment was described as a set of
quantitative, dynamic affordance
distribution Motivated by Gibsons Affordance
Theory
Displayed Information can be examined to
determine what information is available
to Specify the affordances, or action
opportunities, at each point in time
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Task, Experiment, and crew behavior
Problem solving Skilled performance in complex
multitask environments
Supervisory control Manual control (entering
waypoints)
Task demands and observed behavior

• Issues in psychological modeling
• decomposing the complex task resulting in
  minimal subproblem
• specify the nature of the information from
  environment
• decision-making in dynamic nature

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Theory
Language of environment description ? relevant
and irrelevant features in the world
Perceving opportunities for action Appropriate
actions via problem-solving, decisionmaking, or
planning processes
Framework based affordance
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A Process model Environmental Components
The environment for search behavior
Figure 1.
Figure 3. a) world map b) Locomotion
affordance map c) Sighting
affordance map d) total searching
affordance map
Figure 2.
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A Process model Environmental Components
Environment for discrete action selection
Top down (goal-based) bottom up
(environment-based)
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A Process model Cognitive and Action Components
The Appropriateness value (APP) The Affordance
value(AFF) F friendly craft E Enemy
Equation 1
Equation 2
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A Process model Cognitive and Action Components
Figure 7.
Figure 6.
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Modeling Individual Crew Behavior
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Discussion
Constructing the overall model as a pair of
highly interactive environmental and
cognitive components, both environmental and
cognitive factors could be shown
Frame of reference for environmental description
resulted in an action-oriented differentiation
of environment
Mechanisms underlying skilled behavior in the
task
The use of computer generated, possibly
graphical, information displays The use of
Computer-based assistant, possibly based on
artificial intelligence technology, which helps
the operator determine an appropriate course of
action