Development Through the Lifespan

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Chapter 5
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Piagets Theory Schemes

• Psychological structures
• Organized ways of making sense of
  __________________
• Change with age
• Action-based ________________________
• Later move to thinking before acting pattern
  creative and deliberate

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Building Schemes

• ______________________
• Building schemes through direct interaction with
  environment
• ____________________
• Using current schemes to interpret external world
• __________________-
• Adjusting old schemes and creating new ones to
  better fit environment

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Using Assimilation and Accommodation

• _________________ and Disequilibrium
• Use assimilation during equilibrium
• Disequilibrium prompts accommodation

• __________________________
• Internal rearranging and linking schemes

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Sensorimotor Stage

• ______________________
• Building schemes through sensory and motor
  exploration
• Circular reactions

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Sensorimotor Substages
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Object Permanence

• Understanding that objects _____________________
  when out of sight
• According to Piaget, develops in Substage 4
• Not yet complete
• A-not-B search error

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Mental Representations

• Internal, mental depictions of objects, people,
  events, information
• Can manipulate with mind
• Allow __________________ and _________________

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Deferred Imitation

• Piaget Develops about 18 months
• Newer research
• 6 weeks _______________
• 6 9 months copy
• actions with objects
• 12 14 months ____________________________
• 18 months imitate intended,
• but not completed, actions

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Evaluation of the Sensorimotor Stage
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Core Knowledge Perspective

• Born with ___________, special-purpose knowledge
  systems
• Core domains of thought
• Core domains allow
• quick grasp of
• related information
• Support rapid
• early development

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Suggested Domains of Core Knowledge

• _______________
• Psychological
• _______________
• Numerical

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Infants Numerical Knowledge

• Infants may be able to
• Discriminate quantities up to 3
• Do _______________________
• Findings are
• controversial

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Store Model of Information Processing
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Information-Processing Improvements
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Development of Categorization

• _________________
• Based on similar overall appearance or prominent
  part

• _________________
• Based on common function or behavior
• Later add event categories

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Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory

• _______________ (other people) contribute to
  cognitive development
• _______________________ tasks child cannot do
  alone but can learn to do with help of more
  skilled partners

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Toddler/InfantIntelligence Tests

• __________________________
• Cognitive
• ____________________
• ______________
• Social-Emotional
• Adaptive Behavior
• HOME
• Home Observation for Measurement of the
  Environment

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Meaning of Different IQ Scores
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Normal Distribution of IQ Scores
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Signs of DevelopmentallyAppropriate Child Care

• Adult-child interactions
• Teacher qualifications
• Relationships with parents
• Licensing accreditation

• ___________________
• ___________________
• Caregiver-child ratio
• _____________________

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IQ Improvement from Early Intervention Programs
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Three Theories of Language Development
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Getting Ready to Talk

• First speech sounds
• _________________
• __________________
• Becoming a communicator
• Joint attention
• Give-and-take
• Preverbal gestures

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Starting to Talk

• First Words
• ____________________
• Overextension
• Two-Word Utterances
• ________________________

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Individual Differences in Language Development

• Environment
• Child-Directed Speech (CDS)
• Gender
• Personality
• Language Style
• _________________
• _______________

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Supporting Early Language Learning