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Marine Debris in Hawaii

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Title: Marine Debris in Hawaii


1
Marine Debris in Hawaii
Capitol Hill Ocean Week 14 June 2006

Mary J. Donohue, Ph.D. University of Hawaii Sea
Grant College Programdonohuem_at_hawaii.edu
2
Outline
  • The Problem
  • Impacts
  • Mitigation
  • Science
  • Challenges
  • Recommendations

3
Marine Debris Movement
  • Oceanic currents atmospheric winds North
    Pacific Subtropical Gyre
  • Subtropical Convergence Zone
  • (Kubota 1994, Ingraham and Ebbesmeyer 2001,
    Donohue et al. 2001, Timmers et al. 2005)

4
Marine Debris Impacts
  • Degraded Aesthetics
  • Navigational Hazard / Vessel Damage
  • Wildlife Ingestion
  • Wildlife Entanglement / Ghost Fishing
  • Habitat Damage
  • Alien Species Vector

5
Degraded Aesthetic Value
Images courtesy NOAA Fisheries
6
Navigational Hazard / Vessel Damage
Courtesy Environment Canada
Courtesy WESPAC
Courtesy WESPAC
7
Wildlife Ingestion
Harmful effects
  • Intestinal blockage
  • Starvation
  • Death
  • Decreased food consumption
  • Loss of nutrition
  • Internal injury

Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Courtesy UH Sea Grant
8
Wildlife Entanglement
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
9
Ghost Fishing
  • Commercial fish shellfish stocks up to 30 of
    landings (Laist 1996)
  • 50 of CA derelict lobster traps actively fishing
    (Gilardi, Pers. Comm.)
  • Ghost catch of octopus in Kyushu, Japan
    commercial landing (200 - 500K animals)
    (Matsuoka, Pers. Comm.)

Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
10
Habitat Damage
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
11
Diadumene lineata
Introduction of Alien Species
Invasive sea anemone found on net at Pearl
Hermes Atoll, 2000
(Zabin et al. 2004, Godwin, Pers. Comm.)
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
12
Selected Hawaii Marine Debris Projects
  • Debris removal Waiohinu - Ka Lae Coast, Hawaii
    Island
  • Debris removal - main Hawaiian Islands
  • Honolulu port reception recycling program
  • Get the Drift and Bag It Beach Cleanup (TOC)
  • Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Marine
    Debris Removal

Funded by NOAA ORR Marine Debris Program The
Ocean Conservancy annual beach cleanup
13
Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsMulti-Agency
Marine Debris Cleanup
1998-2003

Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
14
Tow Survey
Net Removal
Net Analysis
Net Haul
On-loading
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
15
Kure Atoll
Survey tracks and debris recovery locations
Courtesy National Ocean Service
16
Debris Recycling
  • 100 tons of derelict fishing net
  • 552 barrels of oil
  • 323,019 KwH
  • 43 homes/year
  • US 50,000

Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corporation (formerly
Hawaii Metals Recycling), City County of
Honolulu, Covanta Energy Wigg, Pers. Comm.
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
17
Science Informing Policy
18
NWHI Fishing Net Marine Debris,1998-2002
N 3979
EPO Tuna FADs?
(Boland and Donohue 2005, Donohue et al. 2001,
Timmers and Donohue 2000, Donohue 2005)
19
Debris Analysis
Twisted Knotted
Twisted Knotless
Braided Knotted
Braided Knotless
Double Stranded
Multi-panel Trawl
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
20
(No Transcript)
21
Debris Analysis Monofilament Gill Net
80 140 mm Mesh Size Salmon Squid
N 198
(Timmers and Donohue 2000)
22
Oceanography/Remote Sensing
(Donohue and Foley, in review)
23
Monk Seal Entanglements 1982-2004
EL Niño
(Henderson 2001, Donohue and Foley, in review)
24
Biweekly marine debris deposition and El Niño at
French Frigate Shoals, 1990-2006


P lt 0.05
(Morishige et al., Pers. Comm.)
25
Debris Accumulation
(Boland and Donohue, 2003)
26
Challenges
  • Polluters transfer costs
  • Economic and ecological costs
  • International scope
  • MARPOL Annex V
  • Enforcement

27
Recommendations
  • Expand international / industry participation
  • Source identification
  • Economic analyses of impacts
  • Scientific studies of impacts
  • Maintain removal efforts
  • Expand recycling
  • Expand outreach / education

28
Thank you
  • For additional information
  • UH Sea Grant www.soest.hawaii.edu/seagrant
  • Mary J. Donohue donohuem_at_hawaii.edu

29
Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsMulti-Agency Marine
Debris Cleanup Partners
  • National Marine Fisheries Service
  • Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef
    Ecosystem Reserve
  • Pacific Sea Grant College Programs
  • Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program
  • US Coast Guard
  • US Fish Wildlife Service
  • Hawaii Metals Recycling/ Schnitzer Steel Hawaii
    Corporation
  • Horizon Waste Services, Inc.
  • City County of Honolulu
  • US Navy
  • Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management
    Council
  • US State Department
  • Natural Resources Consultants, Inc.
  • Hawaii State DLNRHawaii Audubon Society
  • Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine
    SanctuaryHawaii Ocean Safety TeamThe Ocean
    ConservancyOcean Futures SocietyHawaii State
    DBEDTCovanta Energy
  • Any omissions unintended

30
References
  • Boland, R. and M.J. Donohue. 2003. Marine debris
    accumulation in the aquatic habitat of the
    endangered Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus
    schauinslandi an impediment to species recovery?
    Marine Pollution Bulletin 46(11)1385-1394.
  • Donohue, M.J., 2005. Eastern Pacific source of
    Northwestern Hawaiian Islands marine debris
    supported by errant fish aggregating device.
    Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(6)886-888, doi
    10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.05.003.
  • Donohue, M.J., 2003. How multi-agency
    partnerships can address large-scale pollution
    problems a Hawaii case study. Marine Pollution
    Bulletin 46(6)700-702. Invited manuscript.
  • Donohue, M.J., R. Boland, C.M. Sramek, and G.A.
    Antonelis. 2001. Derelict fishing gear in the
    Northwestern Hawaiian Islands diving surveys and
    debris removal at two atolls confirms threat to
    coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin
    42(12)1301-1312.
  • Donohue, M.J. and D. Foley. In review. Remote
    sensing links Hawaiian monk seal conservation,
    pollution and El Niño. Marine Mammal Science.
  • Gilardi, K. Personal Communication.
  • Godwin, S. Personal Communication.
  • Henderson, J.R. 2001. A pre- and post-MARPOL
    Annex V summary of Hawaiian monk seal
    entanglements and marine debris accumulation in
    the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 1982-1988.
    Marine Pollution Bulletin 42(7)584-589.

31
References
  • Ingraham, W.J. Jr. and Ebbesmeyer, C.C. 2001.
    Surface current concentration of floating marine
    debris in the North Pacific Ocean 12-year OSCURS
    model experiments. In Proceedings of the
    Internationl Conference on Derelict Fishing Gear
    and the Ocean Environment, 2001. Hawaiian Island
    Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary
    Publication.
  • Kubota, M. 1994. A mechanism for the accumulation
    of floating marine debris north of Hawaii.
    Journal of Physical Oceanography 24, 1059-1064.
  • Laist, D.W. 1997. Impacts of marine debris
    entanglement of marine life in marine debris
    including a comprehensive list of species with
    entanglement and ingestion records. In Marine
    Debris Sources, Impacts, and Solutions, eds. J.M.
    Coe and D.B. Rogers. Springer-Verlag, New York,
    Inc. pp.99-139.
  • Matsuoka, Tatsuro. Personal Communication.
  • Morishige, C. Personal Communication.
  • Timmers, M.A., C.A. Kistner and M.J. Donohue.
    2005. Marine debris of the Northwestern Hawaiian
    Islands ghost net identification. University of
    Hawaii Sea Grant College Program publication.
    UNIHI-SEAGRANT-AR-05-01.

32
References
  • Timmers, M and M. Donohue, 2003. Identifying
    putative fisheries from derelict fishing gear
    recovered in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
    Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology
    International, Sixth Regional Symposium PACON
    2003 Ocean Capital Year. Kaohsiung, Taiwan
    Jun. 29 Jul. 2, 2003
  • Wigg, H. Personal Communication.
  • Zabin, C.J., J.T. Carlton and L.S. Godwin, 2003.
    First report of the Asian sea anemone Diadumene
    lineata from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum
    Occasional Papers, Records of the Hawaii
    Biological Survey for 2003, Part 2 54-58.
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