Quotation

1
Quotation Documentation

• Dr. Steve Beatty

2
Choices when Using a Source

• Paraphrase
• Summarize
• Quote

3
Paraphrase

• Paraphrase
• Put in your own words. And is often longer
  than the original.
• Jones points out that some things that appear
  valuable at first glance, arent.

• The Original
• All that glitters is not gold.

4
Summary

• The original
• The new drug has a number of side effects,
  including headache, fever, nausea, and muscle
  ache.

• Summary
• Condensed version.
• Must be shorter than original.
• The new drug has a few minor side effects.

5
Quotation

• Should be minimized, so that when it is used it
  stands out.
• Just as too much spice in a recipe overwhelms
  the foods taste, too much quotation can
  overwhelm your voice as author.

6
When to use Quotation

• When it cant be said any better
• A fanatic is one who cant change his mind and
  wont change the subject.
• Sir Winston Churchill

7
When to use Quotation

• For Authority
• You might quote Sigmund Freud on dream
  interpretation because he literally wrote the
  book on the subject.

8
When to use Quotation

• For Evidence
• Some (but not all) evidence must be quoted.
  For example, if you are writing about
  alliteration in the poems of Robert Frost, at
  some point youre going to have to quote some
  alliteration from his poetry.

9
When to Use Quotation

• To argue against a key point in someones
  position
• Why quote? Because if you paraphrase or
  summarize the key point held by your opponent,
  your reader doesnt know whether you have
  accurately portrayed your opponents position.

10
Quotation Criteria

• Cant be said any better
• For Authority
• For Evidence
• To attack an Opponents Position
• If it doesnt meet one of these criteria,
  paraphrase or summarize.

11
Quotation Within a Quotation

• Original Text
• The problem with teachers is that theyve
  forgotten what its like to be students.
• Your quote
• The problem with teachers is that theyve
  forgotten what its like to be students.

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MLA Documentation

• Which of the following do you need to document
• a) paraphrase b) summary c) quotation
• Answer All of them. You must give credit where
  it is due or you are guilty of plagiarism.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• The key to understanding MLA in-text
  documentation is that you must give enough
  information so that your reader can (1) go to the
  Works Cited page and find the source, and (2)
  then go to your source and find what youve cited.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• The basic form for MLA documentation involves
  author and page number (Jones 7).
• Thus, the above documentation tells you that
  there is a source in my Works Cited by Jones and
  the idea expressed above comes from page 7 of
  that source.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• If I acknowledge the source in my text, then I
  usually only need the page number in my
  documentation.
• Jones writes that a healthy breakfast should
  includes a serving of fruit (7).

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• If there is more than one work by an author in
  your Works Cited, then youll need to give
  additional information so your reader can
  identify the work.
• Jones writes that a healthy breakfast should
  include a serving of fruit (Breakfast 7).

17
MLAParenthetical Documentation

• If I didnt identify the author in my text in the
  previous example, then I need more info in my
  parenthetical citation.
• A healthy breakfast should include a serving of
  fruit (Jones, Breakfast 7).

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• A healthy breakfast should include a serving of
  fruit (Jones, Breakfast 7).
• Note that quotation marks go before the citation,
  the sentence ending period goes after the
  citation.
• I dont need to include the entire title just
  enough to identify the source.

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MLA Parenthetical Documenation

• A healthy breakfast should include a serving of
  fruit. Assume Breakfast is a book and not an
  article. Now document.
• A healthy breakfast should include a serving of
  fruit, (Jones, Breakfast 7).
• Books are italicized. Articles are in

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MLA Parenthetical
Documentation

• To minimize the info in the citation, you can
  simply provide more info in your text.
• In Breakfast of Champions, Jones writes that a
  healthy breakfast should include a serving of
  fruit (7).

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MLAParenthetical Documentation

• 2 authors (Smith and Jones 7)
• 3 authors (Smith, Jones, and Ott 7)
• gt 3 authors (Smith et. al. 7)

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• Signal Phrase
• In research-based writing, writers often use
  signal phrases to identify their sources.
• e.g., According to Jones, Jones writes,
• Jones argues, etc.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• The effective use of Signal Phrases can minimize
  documentation and clarify your writing.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• This is sentence one (Beatty 8). The is
  sentence two (Beatty 8). This is sentence three
  (Beatty 8). This is sentence four (Beatty 8).
• Clearly such constant documentation is
  distracting.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• The Solution A cumulative note.
• This is sentence one. The is sentence two.
  This is sentence three. This is sentence four
  (Beatty 8).
• Now your audience assumes all four sentences
  are from Beatty page 8.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• What if you have a six sentence paragraph. The
  first three sentences are from Smith. The next
  three from Jones.
• This is sentence 1. This is sentence 2. This
  is sentence 3 (Smith 4). This is sentence 4.
  This is sentence 5. This is sentence 6 (Jones
  22).

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• More complicated. Six sentences. 1 and 2 are
  from Smith. 3 and 4 are your brilliant
  insights. 5 and 6 are from Jones.

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MLA Parenthetical Documentation

• This is sentence 1. This is sentence 2 (Smith
  2). This is sentence 3. This is sentence 4.
  Jones writes, sentence 5. this is sentence 6
  (22).
• The documentation for Smith tells us where
  Smith ends. The signal phrase tells us where
  Jones begins. Ergo, the middle is all you.

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Extended Quotation

• More than 4 lines in your text.
• Indent 10 spaces from left margin
• No quotation marks
• Documentation appears three spaces after the
  terminal period

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Extended Quotation

• This is a normal sentence in your paper
  introducing the quotation
• This is an extended quote. It
  goes on and on. And then
• on some more. It keeps on
• going because it is an
• extended quote. (Jones 5)

31
MLA Works Cited

• Organized alphabetically by author. If no
  author, by title.
• Indent second and following lines of entry 5
  spaces.

32
MLA Works Cited

• Works Cited
• Happiness. Boston Simon Schuster,
• 2006.
• Jones, Sue. Breakfast of Champions.
• Journal of Good Health 7 (2005)
• 7788.