???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? Statistical Quality Control Tools

1
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Statistical Quality Control Tools

• ?. ???? ?????????
• ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? - 2004
• m_aichouni_at_yahoo.co.uk

2
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????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???
?????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???????
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??????

• ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????
  Control Process
• ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?????? ??????
  Inspection and Testing
• ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ??????? Total Quality Management.

2000
3
???????? ??????? ???? ??????
??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
??????? ??

• ??? ?????? ????????
• Statistical Quality Control
• ??????? ???????? Histograms
• ????? ?????? ????????? Control Charts for
  Variables
• ????? ?????? ?????? Control Charts for Attributes

• ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????
  Process Control
• ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?
  ???????? Inspection and Testing
• ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ??????? Total Quality Management.

??? ????? ? ???????? Acceptance Sampling Plans
2000
4
?????????? ????????? ????????

• ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? (
  Mass Production) ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????
  ?????????.
• ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?
  ??? ????????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????,
  ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???
  ?????????? ? ?????????.
• ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????
  ??????????? ????????? (Manufacturing Variations).

5
????? ?????????? ?????????
??????? ?????? Man
????????? ? ?????? Machine
???????? Customer
?????? ????? Raw Material
???? ????? Environment
??? ??????? Methods
?????? ??????? Product
?????? ??????? Manufacturing System
6
??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ? ???? ??????

• ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????
  . ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ? ??? ?????? ???
  ? ??? ????? ?????? .
• ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??
  ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????
  ????????.
• ?? ????? ????? ?????? ((Quality Improvement
  ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????.
• ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???????.

7
????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ???????

• ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ????
  ??????? ??????? (Normal Distribution) .
• ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????
• 68.3 ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? .
• 95.4 ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? .
• 99.7 ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? .

8
??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
?????? ?????? X1 ?????? ??????? X2 ??????
??????? X3 ............ ?????? Xn N ????

?????? ??????
???? ?? ???????

• ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.
• ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???
  ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????.
• ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???
  ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????.

9
????? ???????? ?????? Statistical Quality Control

• ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????
  ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????
  ????? ????????? (Statistics).
• ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??
  ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??
  ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????
  ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????.
• ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
  ????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????
  ???????.

10
?????? ????? ???????? ?????? Statistical Quality
Control Tools

• ??????? ????????
• ????? ??? ?????? ?????????
• ????? ??? ?????? ??????.
• ????? ????????
• ???? ??????
• ..
• ..

• Histograms / Frequency Distribution
• Control Charts for Variables
• Control Charts for Attributes
• Cause and Effect Diagram
• Pareto Chart
• Run Chart
• Scatter Diagram
• Flow Charts

??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????
???????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????
????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ?????????
??????? ?? ??? ????.
11
????? ??????? ???????? Histograms / Frequency
Distribution

• ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ? ???? ????? ??????
  ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.
• ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ? ??????? (???????) ??? ???? ????? ?
  ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ????
  ???? ??? ????? ????? (Frequency) .

1 X1
2 X2
.. ..
N Xn
12
????? ??????? ???????? (2)Histograms / Frequency
Distribution

• ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
  ????????? ????????? ???????
• ???? ????? Range
• ?????? ???????? Average / Mean Value
• ???????? ???????? Standard Deviation

• ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????????
  ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?
  ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????
  ????????.

13
???? ????????? ?????????

• ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? n)) ???? ?????
  ??????? ?????? (Xi)
• ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????
• ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? Xmax
• ? ???? ???? Xmin
• ????? (???? ?????) Range
• ?????? ???????? Average / Mean Value
• ???????? ???????? Standard Deviation s
• ??????? variance (s2)

14
???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????

• ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???
  ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
• ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
  ???????.
• ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????
  ? ??? ??????? ???????? ???.

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ??????
3 6 4 5 4 3 6 3 4 5 3 2 ????? (??)
15
???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? (2)

• ???? ????????? ?????????
• ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? Xmax 6 mm
• ???? ???? ?? Xmin 2 mm
• ????? R 6 2 4 mm
• ?????? ???????? ????? ????? / ??? ?????
• Xm X 4 mm
• ???????? ???????? s 1.279

?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? Excel ?????
??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????
16
???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? (3)

• ????? ??????? ????????
• ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????

??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????
1/12 x 100 8.33 1 2
33.33 4 3
25 3 4
16.67 2 5
16.67 2 6
17
???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? (3)

• ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????

18
???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? (3)

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  ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???
  ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????.

19
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• ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ?????0

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21
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??????? ???????? ???? ?????? - ????? ?????
22
?????

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  ??????? 20 ????? ?? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???
  (?? L) ?? ????.
• ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ??? ???????
  ???????? ???.
• ??????? ??????? L (15 /- 1) cm
• ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ???????
  ??????.

17 11 17 13 14 15 18 13 12 14
16 16 15 12 15 15 15 14 16 11
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