Title: Transportation and Distribution in the New York Metropolitan Area
1Transportation and Distribution in the New York
Metropolitan Area
- Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue
- Dept. of Economics Geography
- Hofstra University
- Hempstead, NY
- http//people.hofstra.edu/faculty/jean-paul_Rodrig
ue/
2Outline
- Basic historical considerations
- Transport context and profile
- Main public transport agencies
- Congestion
- Challenges in freight distribution
3Basic Historical Considerations
- Initial location
- Port site.
- Hinterland access (Hudson).
- Canal era
- Erie Canal (1825) expanded the ports hinterland.
- By 1850, the dominant seaport of the Eastern
Seaboard. - Rail
- Emergence as a rail hub in the late 19th century.
- Industrialization.
- Highway / air
- Regionalization BostWash
- Globalization.
Location
Canals
Rail
Highway / air
4Transport in New York Context
- Transport capital New York / New Jersey
- Population of 21.2 million (7.5 of the national
population). - 2nd largest passengers and air freight gateway in
the world. - 3rd largest container port in the US.
- Largest public transit system in North America.
- The gateway function
- Large international terminals (port and
airports). - Serves the Eastern Seaboard.
- Local economy
- Significant deindustrialization.
- Service oriented.
- High level of consumption.
5Modal Split for Some Cities, 1990
6Mean Travel Time to Work for Selected American
Cities (in minutes), 1980-1990
7Trips by Public Transport in the United States,
1980-2001
8Largest Subway Systems in the World by Annual
Ridership and Metropolitan Population, 2000
9Mode Share for Commuting, New York, 1980-2000
10Passengers handled at New Yorks Major Airports,
1989-2002
11Main Public Transport Agencies in New York
- PANYNJ (Port Authority of New York New Jersey)
- Founded in 1921 to address jurisdictional issues.
- New York harbor and the lower Hudson River are
the boundary between the states of New York and
New Jersey. - MTA (Metropolitan Transport Authority)
- Founded in 1965 to provide one comprehensive
authority to manage New Yorks public transport
system. - Annual budget of 7.5 billion.
- Handles 7.7 million passengers per day.
12Sectors of Activity of the PANYNJ
13Sectors of Activity of the MTA
14Congestion in New York
- Factors specific to the region
- Geographical factors
- Major bottlenecks bridges over the Hudson and
East River. - Manhattan a limited access high density island.
- Long Island a dead-end with 6 million
inhabitants. - Early suburbanization
- High density single family homes with small lots.
- Prior to the development of the Interstate system
and the boom in motorization. - Highways of lesser capacity or not designed to
handle heavy traffic. - Little if any room for additional capacity.
- Affluence and land values
- Consumption effect.
- Sprawl (fixity of existing ownership).
15Congestion in New York
- Electronic toll system
- Congestion pricing has been applied since the
construction of trans-Hudson bridges and tunnels. - Known as Ez-Pass.
- Implemented between 1993 and 1997.
- A response to substantial delays at toll booths
- More transactions per hour.
- Each vehicle has an electronic tag linked to an
account. - Vehicle must slow down to 15 mph (25 km/h) at
tool. - For bridges accessing NYC, tolls are collected in
one direction only (inbound). - 1.5 million vehicles per day.
- Implementation of fast gates (50 mph) starting
from 2004.
16Toll Bridges and Roads, New York Metropolitan
Area (1000s of vehicles per day)
Hudson River
Long Island Sound
GWB
300
New Jersey
TNB
Bronx
110
100
LT
100
Manhattan
WSB
Garden State Parkway
125
TBB
80
100
QMT
Long Island
HT
Queens
60
BBT
20
20
75
BYB
Brooklyn
CBB
GTB
210
NJ Turnpike
VZB
20
Staten Island
MPB
Lower New York Bay
75
Raritan Bay
OCB
17Daily Vehicle Traffic, 1998
Traffic per Day
lt 30,000 30,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000
175,000 gt 175,000
18Volume to Capacity Ratio, 1998
VCR
lt 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 gt 1.5
19Challenges of Urban Freight Distribution
- Distribution facilities
- Migrating to more affordable locations in the
periphery. - Growth in tons-km.
- Competition between passengers (commuters) and
freight traffic. - Urban supply chains
- Difficulties to maintain just-in-time and timely
supply. - High distribution costs.
- Adaptation of modes and delivery times.
20Truck Freight Corridors
New York
New Jersey
TZB
Connecticut
GWB
Bronx
TBB
TNB
LT
WSB
Manhattan
LGA
Long Island
HT
Queens
EWR
GTB
BYB
Brooklyn
JFK
VZB
Staten Island
Major Crossing
OCB
About 70 million trucks crossings per year
21Rail Freight Corridors and Port Facilities
New York
New Jersey
Bronx
Manhattan
NJ Distribution Cluster
Long Island
Queens
Brooklyn
Staten Island
Port Terminal
Intermodal Terminal
22Distribution of General Cargo Operations, Port of
New York, 1959, 1987 and 2000
23Container Traffic Handled by the Port of New
York, 1991-2003
24Intermodal Facilities and Navigation Channels of
the Port of New York, 2003
Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection
East River
40
45
Hudson River
1- Port Newark 2- Port Elizabeth 3- Global Marine
43
Newark Bay Channel
40
Red Hook
40
1
3
Upper Bay Channel
South Brooklyn
2
45
Brooklyn
45
Daily Truck Movements (one way), 2001
37
Kill Van Kull Channel
Howland Hook
New Jersey
45
37
Arthur Kill Channel
The Narrows
Staten Island
Navigation Channel
Ambrose Channel
45
45
30
Control Depth (feet)
Main Ship Channel
N
Intermodal Terminal
37
Arthur Kill Channel
37
Container Port (proposed)
Raritan Bay Channel
Major Highway
Proposed rail tunnel
25Freight handled at New Yorks Major Airports,
1985-2002 (in short tons)
26Port Inland Distribution Network
Albany
Syracuse
Boston
Hartford / Springfield
Worcester / Framingham
Davisville
New Haven
Bridgeport
Potential Regional Barge Port
New York
Reading
LO/LO Barge Service
Philadelphia
Inland Rail Terminal
New York Metropolitan Area
Wilmington
Inland Rail Route
Hanover
Camden
Volume to Capacity
LOS
Salem
Potential Freight Catchment Area
0 0.30 (A) 0.31 0.50 (B) 0.51 0.71 (C) 0.72
0.89 (D) 0.90 1.15 (E) gt 1.15 (F)
Baltimore
Freight Cluster
Washington