What differences can you see in these maps Why do you think they are so different

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What differences can you see in these maps? Why
do you think they are so different?
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The Atlantic World did not exist before 1492.
Why not? Why is 1492 an important year?
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Christopher Columbus was the first recorded
explorer to discover North America.
Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in Genoa,
Italy. He went to sea as a young boy, and spent
most of his life at sea. Columbus wanted to find
a new route to the Far East. In India, China,
Japan and the Spice Islands he could get valuable
silks and spices. Columbus knew the world was
round. He believed that by sailing west, instead
of current route east around the coast of Africa,
he would find the East and the Spice Islands. He
moved to Portugal trying to get money to support
his journey. He eventually got support from
Ferdinand and Isabella, the king and queen of
Spain. In 1492 Columbus set sail from Palos,
Spain with three ships the Nina, the Pinta and
the Santa Maria.
 
 
 
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The Spice Trade Route Columbus Route to the
New World Route Traveled by the Early
American Colonists
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Words you need to know

• Colony
• Colonization
• Founding
• Expedition
• Harsh
• Livestock
• Cargo
• Merchant
• Pelt
• Thrived
• Tolerance
• Transport
• Navigation
• Reproduction
• original

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• How did they know where they were going?
• A navigator would use these tools to help him
• A compass rose
• A traverse board-every ½ an hour the peg would be
  moved to show which direction and how fast the
  ship was traveling.
• A sand hourglass would be used to know how much
  time had passed.
• A chip log-this was thrown overboard and marked
  with a rag, the amount of string moved away from
  the ship was how fast the ship was moving. This
  is the speed you used to mark the traverse board.
• 5) The North Star and a quadrant-the brightest
  star in the night sky could be looked at using
  the measuring unit called a quadrant. The
  quadrant told you which direction you were
  traveling.

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How did they get there?
Christopher Columbus Voyage 1492 The Nina,
Pinta and Santa Maria    The caravel (also
spelled carvel) is a light sailing ship that that
was developed by the Portuguese in the late
1400's, and was used for the next 300 years. The
Portuguese developed this ship to help them
explore the African coast. The caravel was an
improvement on older ships because it could sail
very fast and also sail well into the wind
(windward). Caravels were broad-beamed ships
that had 2 or 3 masts with square sails and a
triangular sail (called a lanteen).
Jamestown, Virginia-1607 The Susan Constant,
Godspeed and Discovery The ships carried 105
passengers, only one died during the voyage. They
departed from England in December 1606 and
reached the Virginia coast, Jamestown in late
April 1607. After two weeks of exploration, a
site offering deep water for anchoring and a good
defensive position for protection was selected.
Plymouth, Massachusetts-1620 An English Merchant
Ship-The Mayflower The Pilgrims left Plymouth
Harbor in England on a ship called the Mayflower.
They were looking for freedom in America to
worship the way they wanted. The voyage was
difficult, but only one of the 102 passengers
died.
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Did the colonists cook their meals when they
traveled across the ocean on wooden ships?
Why is this pot surrounded by bricks? How
often do you think they cooked a hot meal? A)
three times a day B) once a week C) once a
day D) never Could a hot meal be made in rough,
stormy weather? Why or why not?
The answer is C.
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Jamestown First English Colony in America
Explorers had been landing in America for
some time before English settlers arrived in
Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. But it was in that
spot on the James River that English colonization
began and with it, the history of America.
James I was king of England at that time, and he
had granted approval for a group of
businesspeople to settle in this new land. They
were part of the Virginia Company, and they got
the go-ahead in 1606. By December of that year,
the expedition was ready.     In all, 214
people set sail for America. They reached it on
May 14, 1607. Very soon after they landed, the
English found themselves under attack from
Algonquians, a Native American tribe who had been
living in that area for some time and who didn't
exactly welcome new settlers. The English managed
to drive off the attackers, who came back every
now and then. The English, however, were there to
stay.      Under the leadership of Captain John
Smith the English built a fort and other
buildings designed to protect their new colony.
They also found friendly Native Americans, like
Powhatan, who was willing to trade with them.
The terrible winter of 1609 convinced most of
the settlers to abandon their new life. Only 60
of the 214 settlers survived this harsh winter,
which was also hard on Powhatan's tribe and other
neighboring Native Americans.
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This is a drawing of what the Jamestown colonists
saw in 1607 when they arrived in Virginia. What
do you see?
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King Powhatan ruled most of Eastern Virginia at
the time the colonists arrived. Pocahontas was
King Powhatans daughter. These pictures are of
Pocahontas. Why are they so different?
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The Pilgrims Voyage to Freedom 1620 The
Pilgrims wanted to be free. They disagreed with
the religious teachings of the Church of
England. They had different beliefs than the
rest of the English people. The Church of
England was the same as the Government of
England. In other words, King James I was the
head of both the country and the church. Not
belonging to the church meant not obeying the
king. This was treason. So the Pilgrims left
England, in search of a safe place to practice
their religion. They chose to go to Holland
where they stayed for 12 years. The Pilgrims
were very poor. Many of them were forced to work
difficult jobs all day long, for little money.
They had found religious peace in Holland, but
they were making barely enough money to survive.
What could they do? They finally decided
to sail to North America. The Pilgrims borrowed
money from a group of English men called
"merchant adventurers," who expected to make
money from them when they settled in their new
colony. Everything in the new land -- property,
livestock, profits from trading -- was to be
owned by both the merchant adventurers and the
Pilgrims for seven years.  After seven years,
everything would be divided between the colonists
and the merchant adventurers. The Pilgrims bought
two ships The Speedwell and The Mayflower. The
two ships began the voyage, but the Speedwell
leaked so badly that they had to return to
England. The Pilgrims had to set out from
Plymouth, England, on board the Mayflower alone.
The Mayflower was a cargo ship. She was used for
many years in the wine trade between England and
France. With the crowding of 102 passengers plus
crew, each family had very little space for
personal belongings.  The 66-day voyage was
frequently stormy. At one point, the Mayflowers
main beam cracked and had to be repaired using a
large iron screw.  
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Many of the Pilgrims wondered if they would ever
see land. Two people died, and one baby was born.
On November 9, they saw land. Two days later,
they dropped anchor off the coast of
Massachusetts. An group of men soon went ashore
and looked for food and shelter, while most of
the people stayed aboard the Mayflower. A group
of Pilgrims, led by William Bradford, signed the
Mayflower Compact, which said that they agreed to
govern themselves and not take orders from other
people. More scouting of the new land followed,
and the entire group finally went ashore and
began to build a settlement. It was December 23
and the place was Plymouth, Massachusetts. The
first winter was very hard. More than 40 people
died. The rest of the Pilgrims made it through
the winter.
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On March 16, Samoset and another Native American
entered the Plymouth settlement and said, in
English, "Welcome." The Pilgrims were amazed.
Samoset explained that he had learned their
language from English fishermen who had fished
there in the winter. They parted as friends. A
few days later, Samoset returned with Squanto,
another Native American leader. The Pilgrims
welcomed him, too. Soon, Massasoit the leader of
the large tribe of Indians, the Wampanoag,
visited Plymouth. The Native Americans taught
the Pilgrims how to plant wheat, barley, Indian
corn, and peas. Soon, the settlement was growing
lots of food. Later that year, in the fall, the
Pilgrims celebrated the harvest. They invited
their Native American friends to join them. This
has become known as the first Thanksgiving. The
"thanksgiving feasts" in England generally
occurred on September 29, not in November and
the Pilgrims would not have observed them because
they were Catholic holidays.  The Pilgrims did
not observe religious holidays in England, and
that is one of the reasons they fled to Holland
in the first place--the English were trying to
force holidays and ceremonies on the Pilgrims who
disagreed with them. The Pilgrims did not even
celebrate Christmas or Easter.  The Pilgrims
"First Thanksgiving" most likely occurred
sometime in October, and was not a religious
holiday or observance, but rather a harvest
festival that included feasts, sporting events,
and other activities.
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The Pilgrims made a living by farming and
trading. The Pilgrims major crop was corn, which
could be traded to Natives (Abenaki) in Maine for
furs. Fur, particularly beaver and otter, was in
great demand in Europe. The fur from beaver
pelts was matted together in a felting process,
and made into hats.   Beaver hats were very
fashionable!  Timber was also sent to Europe. The
trees in North America were straighter and larger
than any in Europe. These large trees were
perfect for making ships masts. By 1691 all
trees that were 24 inches around were The Kings
Trees and were used to make English Navy ships.
All the money the Pilgrims earned was sent to
England to pay the debt to the merchant
adventurers and to purchase supplies. In the
beginning the Pilgrims were unlucky in their
efforts to send goods to England. Ships were
lost at sea.  One setback occurred when a ship
sent with a load of beaver pelt to sell in
England was captured by pirates. Eventually
cargoes reached England.  The Colony received
livestock and finished goods like tools, shoes
and stockings, and household goods in exchange
for furs, fish and timber. The Plymouth colony
thrived. More people were born, and more people
arrived from Europe. Soon, other colonies sprung
up. It wouldn't be long before English colonies
filled the entire Eastern coast of North America.
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What the colonists left
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What the Colonists saw when they arrived.
What they created
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What happened after the Pilgrims settled in
Plymouth, Massachusetts? In 1630 the
Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in Salem,
Massachusetts by the Puritans. The Puritans came
from England and were a very strict religious
group who wanted a perfect Christian Colony. No
other religions would be allowed, the church was
the town meeting house (the local government),
church attendance and tax collection for the
church was mandatory. Maryland was founded in
1634 by the Calvert Family. Cecil Calvert wanted
to prove that Catholics could be loyal to England
yet have different beliefs. He got permission
from King James I in 1632 to form a colony in the
New World to be a place of religious tolerance.
This meant that no matter what religion you were
as long as you were a free man you could vote or
hold public office. No taxes were collected for
the church. The church was separate from the
government. What are the differences in the
founding of Massachusetts and Maryland?
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140 colonists arrived in Maryland in 1634
aboard the Ark. The Ark was to return to
England.The Dove (shown below) came to Maryland
with the colonists as a trading ship.Why would
the colonists want a trading ship?
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The small boat shown here in front of The Dove is
called a shallop. It is a small boat used to
transport people to land or to pull the anchor or
other heavy objects from the water. A shallop
could be broken down into pieces and stored below
deck until it was needed.