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Title: LifeNet Project: A Vital Signs Monitoring Sensory Net with Telemetry Capabilities Preliminary Presen


1
LifeNet Project A Vital Signs Monitoring Sensory
Net with Telemetry Capabilities Preliminary
Presentation
  • Group Members Alex Li
  • Michael Riley Smith
  • Richard Zernikow
  • Mentor Dr. Dennis L. Barbour
  • Date 10/04/06

2
Triage - the sorting of and allocation of
treatment to patients and battle or disaster
victims according to a system of priorities
designed to maximize the number of survivors.
  • On-site triage performed by first responders at
    the site of a mass casualty incident.
  • Victims sorted according to severity of incurred
    injuries into the following groups
  • Red Immediate or critical
  • (seriously injured, but have a reasonable
    chance of survival)
  • Yellow Delayed
  • (can wait for care after simple first aid
    that is, wounds dressed , splints applied)
  • Green Minimal or walking wounded
  • (no impaired function, can self-treat or be
    cared for by a nonprofessional)
  • Black Death expectant or non-salvageable
    injuries (VHA, 5).

3
Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment System - START
Subsystem within the traditional, four-tiered
triage method
  • START system widely used by first responders and
    paramedics due to its simplicity of application.
  • Initial sorting of patients into minimal
    (green) and other categories
  • Minimally injured (green) moved to separate area
  • Remaining patients (designated other) evaluated
    according to three primary areas of focus
  • Respiratory status
  • Perfusion and pulse
  • Neurological status (VHA, 6).
  • Any project attempting to assist a paramedic or
    EMT in trauma cases should incorporate above
    mentioned criteria.

4
NEED the GOLDEN HOUR
  • Treating patient in hospital setting within the
    first hour after trauma shown to significantly
    increase the chance of survival.
  • This first hour after trauma referred to as
    Golden Hour
  • 10,389 soldiers suffered battle injuries in Iraq
    and Afghanistan Wars through mid-November of 2004
  • Only 1,004 soldiers actually died
  • Lethality rate of approximately 10
  • Compare with other lethality rates
  • World War II (30)
  • Korean War (25)
  • Vietnam and Persian Gulf Wars (both at 24)
  • Common consensus - Improvements in the evacuation
    of injured to ensure stabilization within the
    golden hour played major role in the decline of
    lethality rates (Hundley).

5
NEED CIVILIAN TRAUMA STATISTICS
  • Percent injured who die at scene
  • Urban 40
  • Rural 72 (rural injuries longer response time)
  • Percent who die in hospital during first 24
    hours
  • Urban 40 (urban injuries more serious)
  • Rural 16 (Rogers, 376)
  • Traffic accidents
  • the leading cause of death through unintentional
    injuries in U.S. (NSC)
  • 43,800 people killed in 2003 auto accidents
  • 2,366,030 people injured in 2003 auto accidents
    (NSC)
  • Worldwide, trauma from road traffic injuries
    ranks 10th among leading causes of death.
  • In 2000, 20.3 of deaths world wide due to road
    traffic injury (WHO).

6
Relevance Trauma is one of leading causes of
death world wide for both civilians and military.
Practice of triage is meant to counter trauma
effects by maximizing patient survival.
  • Inherent problem with triage - assessments and
    categorizations made quickly while continuing to
    monitor other patients not requiring immediate
    life saving medical attention.
  • Necessary to obtain information on patient vital
    signs to best stabilize those patients or
    casualties awaiting treatment.
  • Lesser injuries or perceived lesser injuries
    could progress to life threatening medical
    conditions quickly.
  • Solution - On-site triage made more efficient if
    vital signs of patient were continuously
    monitored so adjustments could made to stabilize
    patients condition.
  • Proposed project will increase efficiency of
    triage helping save more lives in the process.

7
LifeNet system - to address the problems of
triage categorization and patient stabilization
in emergency and/or battle situations.
  • Easily deployable sensory net built into an
    emergency blanket to monitor vital signs
  • Vital signs that will be monitored are
  • Heart Rate
  • Respiration Rate
  • Blood Oxygen Concentration spO2
  • Body Temperature
  • Blood Pressure
  • Vital sign data transmitted telemetrically to
    both hand held and ambulance carried interfaces
    for quick and efficient monitoring of patients
    vital signals.
  • Device not used to intervene with automated
    treatments and diagnoses
  • Device intended to help the paramedic to perform
    duties more efficiently.
  • LifeNet internal computer processor will store
    the patient physiologic data for later use by
    hospital.
  • LifeNet will act as vital sign monitoring
    interface so paramedic can easily monitor trauma
    patients vital signs prior to and during
    transport to a hospital.

8
Patents Concerning Overall Function, Design and
Telemetric Capabilities of LifeNet
9
Patents Concerning Signal Monitoring and
Telemetric Capabilities
  • Patents relevant to functionality and design of
    LifeNet
  • Self-Contained Transportable Life Support System
    (5,795,081, 6,488,029, and 6,899,103)
  • Patient Transport and Treatment Apparatus
    (5,749,374)
  • Transportable Life Support System (5,626,151)
  • Each describes a device or system with function
    very similar to the LifeNets - the continuous
    monitoring of trauma patients vital signs.
  • These devices and systems differ from the LifeNet
  • Endeavor to intervene on behalf of EMT or
    paramedic through automated patient stabilization
    treatments.
  • LifeNet only monitors trauma patients vital
    signs, while other devices attempt to
    automatically treat trauma patients.
  • Patents concerning telemetry broad enough that
    relevance to LifeNet will not be known till the
    design of LifeNet is more complete.
  • Universal/Upgradeable Pulse Oximeter
  • Patient Monitoring System

10
Of three companies developing similar devices-
one company has gone out of business- another
has yet to create a workable product.
  • Only one company (Integrated Medical Systems) has
    produced a working transportable, self-contained
    life support system.
  • Device referred to as Life Support for Trauma and
    Transport (LSTAT)
  • The current third generation model of the LSTAT
    (Model 9602) has
  • Ventilator with on-board oxygen
  • Fluid/Drug infusion
  • Suction
  • Defibrillator
  • Blood chemistry analysis
  • Patient physiological monitoring
  • Data logging and communications connectivity
  • Sophisticated power and system data management

11
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LSTAT SYSTEM
  • Advantages of LSTAT
  • Incorporation of a multiple medical monitoring
    and treatment systems
  • Litter can serve as surgical table if need be due
    to multiple medical monitoring and treatment
    systems
  • Disadvantages of LSTAT
  • Dimensions and weight hinder practical use in
    primary projected settings (crowded MCIs or
    turbulent battlefield situations)
  • Dimensions and weight hinder practical deployment
    and transport of system (may necessitate more
    than two medics to lift and move)

Dimensions of LSTAT
http//www.lstat.com/lstat.html
12
Preliminary Analysis and Design Specifications
  • LifeNet system acts as emergency blanket with
    vital signs monitoring system when deployed.
  • Blanket made of material currently used in
    emergency blankets to maintain the patients core
    body temperature.
  • Vital signs monitored will be
  • Heart rate
  • Respiration rate,
  • Blood oxygen concentration spO2
  • Body temperature
  • Blood pressure.
  • Sensors tasked with monitoring these vital signs
    will be integrated into the LifeNet blanket
    system and be connected through wiring to a
    central processing unit.
  • Central processing unit processes physiologic
    data at specified intervals, makes data available
    to EMT or paramedic through telemetry, and
    displays patients data.
  • Central processing unit will also
  • Store the patients physiologic data.
  • Inform paramedic when the patients vital signs
    deviate from predetermined limits.
  • Will be able to deploy quickly and simply, easily
    moved, and capable of being monitored by single
    EMT or paramedic.

13
Preliminary Analysis and Design Specifications
  • Must accommodate emergency procedures that have
    to be performed
  • LifeNet should offer the EMT or paramedic access
    to the torso, arms, and legs of the patient
    during vital signs monitoring.
  • LifeNet system will have to
  • Function independently in regard to patient
    monitoring
  • Exist within network of multiple deployed LifeNet
    systems
  • Transmit information to central storage and
    display unit.

Dimensions for LifeNet According to
Anthropometric Data for U.S. (1999-2002)
14
Preliminary Power Consumption and Battery Life
Calculations
  • By using specifications of processor chip that is
    generic form of type of processor chip the
    LifeNet will need, can compute an estimate for
    power consumption of chip and necessary battery
    life.
  • Use a Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
    (TMS320VC549)
  • Standby Power 16.5 mW
  • Active Power 105.6 mW
  • Standard AA Batteries
  • 1.5 Volts, 2600 mAh, gives 3900 mWh
  • A battery pack with 3 AA batteries that just
    powers the (DSP) would operate for 4 days in
    active mode and 29 days in standby mode.

www.ti.com
15
Preliminary Design Schedule
16
Current Organization of Team
  • Organization of the design team (Group 3) is as
    follows
  • Alex Li
  • Research and design of telemetric apparatus
    necessary for the transmission of the patients
    physiologic data research on central processing
    unit for LifeNet system progress (second)
    presentation.
  • Michael Riley Smith
  • Research on physiologic monitoring devices,
    materials, and triage methods external design of
    LifeNet system preliminary (first) presentation.
  • Richard Zernikow
  • Research on and design of circuitry and
    electrical system of LifeNet research on central
    processing unit for LifeNet system final
    presentation.

17
References
A Five-Year WHO Strategy for Road Traffic Injury
Prevention. World Heath Organization.
WHO/NMH/VIP/01.03, 2002. "Fixed-Point Digital
Signal Processor." 3 Oct. 2006 ltwww.ti.comgt.
Hundley, Tom. "Better Armor, Medical Care Help
More Soldiers Survive, But with Grievous Wounds."
Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois) (Via
Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News) 15 Dec.
2004. LSTAT. Integrate Medical Systems LSTAT.
30 Sept. 2006 lthttp//www.lstat.com/lstat.htmlgt.
Ortiz, Jose M., Cpt. "The Revolutionary Flying
Ambulance of Napoleon's Surgeon." U.S. Army
Medical Department Journal (1998) 17-25. 30
Sept. 2006 lthttp//napoleonic-literature.com/Flyin
g_Ambulance.htmgt. Pender, Geoff. "60 Minutes
the Golden Hour It's Taking Longer to Get
Trauma Patients in OR." The Sun Herald 24 Aug.
2006. Report on Injuries in America 2003.
National Safety Council. 2006. Rogers, F.B., et
al. "Trauma Deaths in a Mature Urban Vs Rural
Trauma System a Comparison." Archives of
Surgery 132 (1997) 376-382. VHA Decontamination
Training Program. Little Rock Employee Education
System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 2003. 4-9.
18
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