Title: Introduction to Foreign Animal Disease FADs and Zoonosis Global Animal Diseases of Economic and Huma
1Introduction to Foreign Animal Disease (FADs)
and ZoonosisGlobal Animal Diseases of Economic
and Human Health Importance Are a Constant Risk
to North America
- R.B. Baker, DVM, MS
- Senior Clinician ISU Swine Section
- VDPAM 445
2High Fever/Blue Ear Disease China December 2007
3??
The Sows have a high Fever and vomit
4??????many pigs of different ages died
???? Sows abort
5Wheel Barrow of the Living Dead
6???? High Mortality
Empty Pigpens
7Foot and Mouth Disease Virus
- It may be the most contagious viral disease of
mammals - Small dose
- Large amount excreted
- Survives in a variety of conditions
8Foot and Mouth Disease Virus
- Incubation is 2 14 days
- High morbidity low mortality
- Many modes of transmission
9Foot and Mouth Disease Virus
- Seven Serotypes
- A, O, C
- Asia 1
- South African Territories 1 (SAT-1)
- SAT-2
- SAT-3
- Many sub-types have evolved
10PCVAC NC 2005
11FMD - Structure
12FMD Methods of Spread
13FMD
14(No Transcript)
15FMD UK Break
- Started in Pigs but spread by Sheep Movement
- A 7 day lag time first case identified
- Spread over the Isles
- Test and remove, circle testing, quarantine,
other traditional methods - Some areas lost 90 of their domestic animals
- Ignorance and complacency
16Index Case - pig farm in SE GB
17Trucking moved virus to Sheep herds back to
transport ? sheep ? other species Airborne routes
were also likely
18Cumulative Animal Destruction
19(No Transcript)
20(No Transcript)
21(No Transcript)
22(No Transcript)
23(No Transcript)
24Vesicular lesions pain
25(No Transcript)
26(No Transcript)
27Animal destruction as a means of control is
Ancient but often effective
28FMD A preferred agent of Terrorists ?
- Both Domestic and Foreign Groups
- Easily Carried to the US
- Not detectable by airport screening
- Rapid spread to multiple sites could destroy
animal agriculture in the US
29Zoonosis
- Diseases that spread from vertebrate animals to
humans - Biologic and mechanical vectors
- Direct exposure to animals
- Fomites
- 75 of human infectious disease
- Exogenous Retroviruses
30Zoonosis
- Some of the primary sources
- Exotic pets
- Wet markets - Asia
- Bush meat Africa and Asia
- Encroachment into Re-forested lands
- Encroachment deforestation etc.
- Domestic pets
- Domestic livestock
- Wildlife contact
31Fig. 1. Possible cross-species transmission
events giving rise to SIVcpz as a recombinant of
different monkey-derived SIVs
J. L. Heeney et al., Science 313, 462 -466
(2006)
Published by AAAS
32Fig. 3. Phylogenetic analysis of SIVcpzPtt
strains from wild P. t. troglodytes apes
B. F. Keele et al., Science 313, 523 -526
(2006)
Published by AAAS
33Malta Fever (Brucellosis)
- Sir David Bruce 1887
- B. melitensis
- B. abortus
- B. suis
- B. canis
- B. ovis, B. neotomae
- B. cetaceae
- B. pinnipediae
- They are not sustainable in humans
- Will always re-emerge from wild reservoirs
34Hepititis E Virus
- Calicivirus single strand - RNA (ps)
- Developing Countries
- Present in Pork liver Recent survey
- Normal route of infection is fecal-oral
- Pregnant women have high case mortality rates
(25)
35(No Transcript)
36(No Transcript)
37Other North American Zoonosis
- Salmonelloses Pygmy hedgehogs, iguanas, komodo
dragons, turtles, - Borrelia burgdorferi - Lyme Disease
- Bovine tuberculosis captive deer
- Rabies
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
pigs, cats, dogs? - Petting zoos O157H7, Salmonella,
38(No Transcript)
39Zoonosis and SE Asia
40Q-Fever (Coxiella burnetti)
http//www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/qfever.htm
41Zoonosis and SE Asia
- South East Asia is a melting pot of viral
diseases - Different levels of personal hygiene
- Different levels of exposure
- Wild, domestic, human, and avian animals live in
close contact - Often Little separation no biosecurity
42Zoonosis and the World
- Issues
- We have become a global society
- Animal trade legal and illegal
- Time lag between first case and a functional
response - Animal sources and human exposure?
- Little livestock biosecurity in most of the world
43Paramyxoviridae and the Fruit Bat Connection
44Zoonosis and SE Asia
45HenipavirusNipah Hendra
- Closely related viruses found in Flying Foxes
(Fruit Bats) - Recent out breaks have been in horses, pigs, and
humans - Australia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Singapore, and
other parts of SE Asia - Viruses cause Encephalitis in Humans
- 1994 2006 sporadic outbreaks
46Zoogeographical Range of Flying Foxes
47Nipah Virus
48Nipah virus spread
49Nipah 1.1 million pigs141 Humans
50Nipah Outbreak
51Zoonosis and SE Asia
52Other Zoonosis of SE Asia
- Lyssavirus Rabies like virus of bats
- Menangle Bat to pig in Australia
- Tioman Isolated from flying foxes
- Ross River virus biting vectors
- Barmah Forest virus mosquito
- SARS Virus direct contact Civets or Horseshoe
bats?
53Other Zoonosis of SE Asia
- Chikungunya virus alphavirus mosquito
- Japanese Encephalitis - mosquito
- Dengue Fever Virus mosquito
- HIV
- Hand foot and Mouth Disease of humans
enterovirus (coxsackievirus)
54Zoonosis and SE Asia
55Zoonosis of SE Asia
56 Thanks