Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova

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Status and perspectives

• Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova
• in rappresentanza del gruppo Geant4-INFN

http//www.ge.infn.it/geant4/
Commissione Calcolo e Reti Castiadas, 28 maggio
2004
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Main activities of the Geant4-INFN group

• Physics
• Low Energy Electromagnetic physics
• OOAD of electromagnetic physics in general
• physics test framework and physics validation
• starting verification of hadronic physics
• Advanced Examples
• verification of geant4 capabilities in various
  experimental domains, identification of new
  requirements, user support
• Statistical Toolkit
• a software system for statistical data analysis
• needed by Geant4 for physics validation and
  regression testing (comparison of distributions)

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Physics

• Activities of Geant4-INFN in the past period
• Development new set of precise low energy
  processes, entire Penelope re-engineered into
  Geant4 (INFN LNGS)
• OOAD of final state to accommodate new precise
  angular distributions (followed by implementation
  by LIP)
• Major effort in systematic testing and
  validation,
• TA project (INFN Genova, LNGS, LNS)
• Currently in progress
• new (original) model of PIXE (INFN Genova)

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Test Analysis Project

• The project is organized in two branches
• A standalone Statistical ToolkitIt has attracted
  a great interest in the HEP community, since no
  common tools for advanced statistical data
  analysis exists in HEP
• contributions from L. Lista, BaBar INFN-NA
• used by CMS for regression testing and their
  simulation validation
• Distributed in LCG PI Project as external
  contribution
• A physics testing system for quantitative
  validation of Geant4 physicsFirst phase
  validation of Geant4 electromagnetic physics at
  microscopic level, w.r.t. established reference
  databases (e.g. NIST) and published data.

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Statistical Toolkit the motivation from Geant4
Validation of Geant4 physics models through
comparison of simulation vs experimental data or
reference databases
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GoF algorithms

• Algorithms for binned distributions
• Anderson-Darling test
• Chi-squared test
• Fisz-Cramer-von Mises test
• Tiku test (Cramer-von Mises test in chi-squared
  approximation)
• Algorithms for unbinned distributions
• Anderson-Darling test
• Fisz-Cramer-von Mises test
• Goodman test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in
  chi-squared approximation)
• Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
• Kuiper test
• Tiku test (Cramer-von Mises test in chi-squared
  approximation)

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http//www.ge.infn.it/geant4/analysis/HEPstatistic
s/ Will be moved to a new area out of Geant4-INFN
web (automatic re-direction)
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Example of application results
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Some Geant4 physics validation results...
Geant4 Standard Electromagnetic Models Geant4 Low
Energy Electromagnetic Models NIST reference c2
Geant4 Low Energy 13.1, n 20, p-value
0.87 c2 Geant4 Standard 23.2, n 15, p-value
0.08
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Compton Scattering - Al
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Rayleigh Scattering - Al
?2N-L13.6 ?11 - p0.26
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Photoelectric effect - Fe
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Pair Production - Si
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X-ray Attenuation Coefficient - Al
?2N-P15.9 ?19 p0.66
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CSDA Range - Al
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Stopping Power - Pb
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Angular distribution of transmitted electrons
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Backscattering coefficient E100keV
Angle of incidence (with respect to the normal to
the sample surface) 0
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Backscattering low energies - Au
Note experimental data often exhibit large
differences!
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...and many more

• Hundreds of plots produced
• ...and many more to be produced
• Automated testing system set up
• statistical analysis with Statistical Toolkit
• Will be the basis for Geant4 Physics Book

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Geant4 Physics Book

• A project, launched by MGP, to publish a
  comprehensive reference on Geant4 physics and
  validation results
• same style as BaBar Physics Book, LEP Yellow
  Reports etc.
• Regular workshops for coordination of the work
  and progress tracking
• agreed frequence every 2 months approximately
• last one in December 2003
• meetings stopped by lack of travel money next
  one in June 2003
• Production stopped
• lack of computing resources
• lack of travel money for design iteration and
  coordination

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Advanced Examples

• Geant4 Advanced Examples demonstrate Geant4
  capabilities in specific experimental set-ups
• They are useful for testing/validation purpose,
  and are a primary tool of user support
• 2003
• Coordination of significant extensions and
  design/code improvements.
• New LHC example (LHCb-like RICH)
• New DICOM example (interface between DICOM image
  standard and Geant4 geometry, allows to import a
  CT image directly into Geant4)
• 2004
• New Hadrontherapy example validation with
  experimental data from CATANA in progress (also
  in view of the CNAO project and new hadrontherapy
  project in Sicily), INFN LNS
• Medical LINAC (in collaboration with IST), INFN
  Genova
• Radioprotection (former responsibility by INFN
  Cosenza, who withdrew from Geant4 without
  fulfilling its commitment) taken over by INFN
  Genova, re-focused on shielding study in space
  environment
• Significant coordination effort (other new
  examples in progress gravitational waves, air
  shower experiment, radiation damage to
  components, Geant4 in distributed computing
  environment)

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GRID-related activities

• Interface between Geant4 applications and Geant4
  via an intermediate layer, to shield applications
  from underlying GRID infrastructure and
  complexity (DIANE project)
• From CT to the GRID project for fast, precise
  simulation for radiotherapic dosimetry in a
  distributed computing environment
• Geant4 on GRID tests in Catania
• creation of rpm, useful for Geant4 installation
  anyway
• HEP Statistics Toolkit, in connection with LCG
  Application Area

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Recent publications on refereed journals

• S. Agostinelli et al., Geant4 a Simulation
  Toolkit
• NIM A 506 (2003), 250-303
• J. Knobloch and M.G. Pia, Trends in Computing,
• accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Nucl.
  Scie.
• S. Donadio, S. Guatelli, B. Mascialino, A.
  Pfeiffer, M.G. Pia, A. Ribon, P. Viarengo, Data
  Analysis in HEP a Statistical Toolkit,
• accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Nucl.
  Scie.
• L. Peralta, M. G. Pia, P. Rodrigues, A. Trindade,
  J. Varela,
• GEANT4 Applications and Developments for Medical
  Physics Experiments,
• accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Nucl.
  Scie.
• P. G. A. Cirrone, G. Cuttone, S. Donadio,
  S. Guatelli, S. Lo Nigro, B. Mascialino,
  M. G. Pia, L. Raffaele, G. M. Sabini,
• Implementation of a New Monte Carlo Simulation
  Tool for the Development of a Proton Therapy Beam
  Line and Verification of the Related Dose
  Distributions,
• accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Nucl.
  Scie.

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Conferences 2003

• Trends in Computing  M.G. Pia and J. Knobloch,
  Plenary talk at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium,
  Portland, October 200
• Simulation of X-ray Fluorescence and Application
  to Planetary Astrophysics  A. Mantero et al.,
  IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Portland, October
  2003
• Precision Validation of Geant4 Electromagnetic
  Physics   S. Guatelli et al., IEEE Nuclear
  Science Symposium, Portland, October 2003
• Data Analysis in HEP a Statistical Toolkit  B.
  Mascialino et al., IEEE Nuclear Science
  Symposium, Portland, October 2003
• A new Monte Carlo Simulation Tool for the
  Development of a Proton Therapy Beam Line and
  Verification of the Related Dose Distributions 
  P. Cirrone et al., IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium
  and Medical Imaging Conference, Portland, October
  2003
• From DICOM to GRID a dosimetric system for
  brachytherapy born from HEP  S. Guatelli et al.,
  IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Portland, October
  2003
• Radiotherapy treatment planning with Monte Carlo
  on a distributed system  S. Chauvie et al., IEEE
  Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging
  Conference, Portland, October 2003
• Overview of Geant4 applications in Medical
  Physics  S. Guatelli et al., IEEE Nuclear
  Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference,
  Portland, October 2003
• Hadron therapy medical applications   P. Cirrone
  et al., 8th ICATPP Conf. on Astroparticle,
  Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical
  Physics Applications, Como, 2003
• Distributed Processing, Monte Carlo and CT
  interface for Medical Treatment Plans   M.G. Pia
  et al., 8th ICATPP Conf. on Astroparticle,
  Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical
  Physics Applications, Como, 2003
• Un esempio di trasferimento tecnologico dalla
  fisica delle alte energie alla pratica clinica
  radioterapica sviluppo di un toolkit statistico
•    S. Donadio et al., SISMEC, Brescia, Italy,
  2003
• From HEP computing to medical research and vice
  versa   F. Foppiano et al., ESTRO Congress,
  Geneva, 2003
• Precise simulation for brachytherapy and
  technological transfer from HEP to Medical
  Physics   S. Guatelli et al., ESTRO Congress,
  Geneva, 2003
• A Toolkit for Statistical Data Analysis   M.G.
  Pia et al., PHYSTAT 2003 Conference, SLAC, USA,
  2003
• HEP software and the GRID a breakthrough in the
  fight against cancer   Computing in High Energy
  Physics, San Diego, CA, 2003
• Precision validation of Geant4 electromagnetic
  physics  Computing in High Energy Physics, San
  Diego, CA, 2003
• A toolkit for statistical data comparison  
  Computing in High Energy Physics, San Diego, CA,
  2003
• Round Table on Statistical Methods in HEP  
  Computing in High Energy Physics, San Diego, CA,
  2003

ICRS cancelled in 2004 for lack of money, 3
abstracts accepted
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IEEE NSS-MIC

• Software Computing session introduced for the
  first time into IEEE NSS in 2003
• great success!
• Included in the programme in 2004 too
• many abstracts received!
• Convenors J. Knobloch and M.G. Pia
• IEEE NSS/MIC Short Course on Geant4
• great success in 2003 (46 students)
• repeated in 2004
• Organizer M.G. Pia instructor S. Guatelli

Conference Sponsors
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Training courses

• Geant4 Tutorial at Alenia Spazio, Torino, July
  2003 (S. Guatelli)
• IEEE Geant4 Course, Portland, USA, October 2003
  (S. Guatelli, M.G. Pia)
• Finnish Geant4 School, Helsinki, November 2003
  (M.G. Pia)
• Geant4 training at Medical Physics School,
  Archamps, France, November 2003 (S. Guatelli)
• On-site training at CPS Innovation, Nashville,
  USA, January 2004 (S. Guatelli)
• Geant4 Lectures at MCNEG Workshop (Medical
  Physics UK Association), Teddington, March 2004
  (S. Guatelli)
• Geant4 Lectures at Scuola Nazionale sul Software,
  Alghero, 7-11 June 2004 (M.G. Pia)
• IEEE Geant4 Course, Roma, October 2004 (S.
  Guatelli, M.G. Pia)
• Invitation to hold a Geant4 Course for Medical
  Physics at Bombay, India
• technology transfer to developing countries

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Technology transfer
What is INFN support to these activities?

• Usual support to several activities in hospitals
• in Europe, USA, Canada, Japan
• new contacts from Australia and India
• New project in progress simulation of a
  treatment head for IMRT at Istituto Nazionale per
  la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova
• Collaboration with Alenia Spazio, Astrium EADS
  and RxTec for radioprotection/shielding studies
  for vehicle concepts and surface habitats for
  astronauts, ESA Aurora Programme
• Training to CPS Innovation, Nashville, USA (10
  days invited stay), world leader in PET
• Wide industrial participation at the Geant4 IEEE
  Course in Portland

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CERN Science Tree
World Summit on Information Society Organized by
United Nations Geneva, December 2003
Geant4-INFN stand
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Geant4 release milestones LowE E.M. physics

• Geant4 release 5.2, June 2003
• all milestones involving G4-INFN met
• Geant4 release 6.0, December 2003
• all milestones involving G4-INFN met
• Geant4 release 6.1, March 2004
• bug fix release only
• Geant4 6.2, 25 June 2004
• Design and code review of Penelope processes
  failed, lack of money to do collaborative work
• Optimised Bremsstrahlung angular distribution
  met (LIP)
• Prototype of photoelectric angular distribution
  met (LIP)
• Precise range (p/ion) failed, lack of money for
  design iteration
• Use new models for fluctuations (p/ion) failed,
  lack of money for design iteration
• PIXE met, 1st iteration of new model
• Geant4 7.0, 17 December 2004
• all the workload of milestones failed added to
  the original workload planned

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Geant4 release milestones advanced examples

• Geant4 release 5.2, June 2003
• all milestones involving G4-INFN met
• Geant4 release 6.0, December 2003
• all milestones involving G4-INFN met,
• except release of radioprotection advanced
  example (responsibility of Cosenza, who withdrew
  from Geant4 Collaboration)
• Geant4 6.2, 25 June 2004
• release of new radioprotection, hadrontherapy and
  medical_linac advanced examples
• release of new air_shower (LIP), purging_magnet
  (Karolinska), space_charging (Imperial College)
  examples
• no design or code review of new examples, because
  of lack of travel money
• releasing examples not subject to peer review is
  a high risk!
• Geant4 7.0, 17 December 2004
• other new examples planned huge design and code
  review workload accumulated from previous release

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Statistical Toolkit release milestones

• CERN-INFN Project
• Statistical Toolkit 0.0, March 2003 beta-release
• Statistical Toolkit 0.1, May 2003 first public
  release
• Statistical Toolkit 1.0, March 2004 all
  milestones met (Goodness of Fit of 2 samples)
• Financial support from ESA to meet the milestones

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Funds from ESA

• Two fellowships funded by ESA at INFN Genova
• PhD fellowship, through a contract via Alenia
  Spazio (Susanna Guatelli)
• Post-doc fellowship, 4 years (Barbara Mascialino)
  
• More fellowships coming in the future?

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LNS
Geant4 precision better than 3 (LowE e.m.
precompound model)

• Active contribution to Geant4 physics tests
  (electromagnetic and hadronic)
• Tests G4 on the GRID
• Geant4 rpm for easy installation and running on
  the GRID
• 12 hours on a 800 MHz Pentium III for a single
  application run
• see P. Cirrones talk at Siena 2004, 23-26 May
  2004
• Insufficient travel money, missed important Monte
  Carlo workshop in Montreal 3-5 May
• in the absence of any Geant4 collaborators,
  controversial statements about Geant4 correctness
  were advertised

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LNGS

• Complete re-engineering of Penelope physics
  models into Geant4 test
• Geant4 physics test
• test automation
• major production effort at LNGS
• Metrics Ignominy implementation for Geant4,
  dependency analysis and regular regression
  testing
• Production for physics test and Geant4 Physics
  Book blocked, necessary design iteration
  postponed because of lack of travel money
• Necessary design iteration of Penelope processes
  planned for June 2004 release cancelled because
  of lack of travel money to work with collaborators

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Genova

• Coordination of all LowE, Advanced Examples,
  TestAnalysis and Physics Book activities
• OOAD and significant development contribution to
  all the above
• Large production requirements
• no money to buy production PCs
• saturation of INFN-Genova public farm
• Insufficient travel money for coordination, OOAD
  and peer review activities
• degradation of the quality of the software
  product
• accumulation of workload
• loss of support from the Collaboration

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Update to financial requests

• This trip to Cagliari 764 euro
• 473 euro flight
• 96 euro transport from Cagliari to Hotel S. Elmo
• 28 euro taxi (no buses to reach the airport in
  time for a 6.55am flight)
• 167 euro hotel
• Consequence of this high cost reduce the
  participation of Genova collaborators to Geant4
  Workshop in Catania
• Request 764 euro increase of Genova national
  missions
• Rose Licences one renewed only, not enough money
  to renew the second one
• request a new cheap (Windows, node-lock) licence
  ( 2K euro)
• MS FrontPage and MS Project licences
• new laptop (Dec 2003) useless, because lack of
  licences for Windows XP

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New policy of CERN/EP/SFT

• No PCs provided to external Geant4 collaborators
  from rich countries any more
• I work on a 400 MHz PC, 128 MB RAM, 10 MB disk
  space
• other Geant4-INFN collaborators do not have even
  that!
• No access to CERN NICE software facilities from
  external laptops
• Funds needed for adequate hardware resources

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Next CC meeting

• Please inform us timely about the date of CCR
  meetings requiring our presence
• Please invite us, if a Geant4 presentation is
  required
• Please keep in mind that flights purchased with
  short advance are very expensive
• Please consider that there are some already
  agreed commitments in October 2004, incompatible
  with an ubiquitous attendance of a CCR meeting
• CHEP, Interlaken
• 7 abstracts submitted, many Geant4-INFN members
  will be there, including MGP
• Geant4 Annual Workshop, Catania, 4-9 October 2004
• the whole Geant4 Collaboration will be in
  Catania, including MGP
• IEEE-NSS/MIC, Roma, 17-22 October 2004
• MGP convener of Software Computing
• Geant4 training course