Switch On Learning

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Switch On Learning

• Closing The Gap
• Session

Electronic
Pneumatic
Switch Scanning
Switch interface
Mercury
One Switch - Two Switch Multiple Switch
Mechanical
Proximity
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Switch On Learning

• Cindy Nankee, OTR/L, ATP
• Assistive Technology Consultant
• UTLL Universal Technology for Learning and
  Living
• cindynankee_at_gmail.com
• www.cindynankee.wikispaces.com

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Switch On LearningAgenda

• Who/What/When/Why/Where
• Assessment
• Types of switches
• Strategies for success
• Action Plan
• IEP
• Resources

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Who Needs a Switch

• http//www.edutopia.org/assistive-technology-enabl
  ing-dreams-video
• http//cesa3at.wikispaces.com/Videos
• Susana
• Adrian (347)?
• Lukas (700)?
• Ellen
• Mike

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What Are Switches

• Wikipedia - A switch is a mechanical device used
  to connect and disconnect a circuit at will.

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When would a Switch be used

• Play toy, social interaction
• Education - Who Sank the Boat
• Communication
• (EADLs)Environmental Activities of Daily Living
• Mobility - video

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Why Use A Switch

• A switch is secondary to an engaging activity. A
  switch is not the activity.
• A Switch may be used for access to an activity
  toys, computers, environmental controls,
  communication devices, mobility.
• Direct selection of a device/activity is not the
  best access.

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Where Do You Start?

• Consultation
• Team approach - Networking
• Rule out direct Access
• Assessment
• Trial Use Observation
• Access and mounting

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Assessment

• Assessment can be trial and error
• Children need the opportunity to repeat a task
  over and over again
• Trainer needs knowledge of successful strategies

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Assessment

• ASNAT
• www.wati.org
• Every Move Counts
• Stages
• Senswitcher
• Compass

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ASNAT v.5 2009

• WATI Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative
• SETT Process
• Forms
• Chapter specific
• Tools

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Every Move Counts, Clicks Chats

• A non-traditional, sensory based communication
  assessment and evidence based intervention
  strategies for individuals with severe and
  profound sensorimotor differences
• (Korsten, Foss, Berry 2008)

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STAGES

• Alternate assessment framework to help identify
  learning needs, assess skills, report progress
  over time and select appropriate educational
  software for learners with special needs
• By Madalaine Pugliese
• www.assistivetech.com

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STAGES

• Stage One Cause and Effect
• Stage Two Language Readiness
• Simple voice output device
• Stage Three Emerging language
• Multiple voice output device

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STAGES

• Stage Four Early Concepts
• Stage Five Advanced Concepts
• Dynamic Display communication device
• Stage Six Functional Learning
• Stage Seven Written Expression

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SENSwitcher

• http//www.northerngrid.org/ngflwebsite/sen/intro.
  htm
• SENSwitcher is a suite of programs designed to
  help teach early ICT (information and
  communication technology) skills to people with
  profound and multiple learning difficulties,
  those who need to develop skills with assistive
  input devices and very young children new to
  computers.

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Compass Access Assessment Software

• Compass is a computerized assessment tool used
  in determining computer access, planning
  treatment strategies and tracking effectiveness
  of an intervention strategy.

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Types of Switches

• Electronic
• Proximity, Light touch or sensitivity switch
• Fiber optic
• Infrared or lightbeam SCATiR
• Sound activated

• Mechanical
• Lever
• Plate
• Pneumatic
• Mercury

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Switch accessories
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Switch Access

• Access is the means by which a person controls an
  assistive technology device
• A power wheelchair may be accessed by a joystick,
  proximity or electronic switches
• A communication device may be accessed by
  scanning with one or more switches

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Switch Access

• A computer may be accessed by a switch
• An EADL may be accessed by a switch
• A Toy may be accessed by a switch

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Switch Access Mounting

• The ideal location for mounting or positioning a
  switch would require a small, voluntary,
  controlled movement
• Mount to wheelchair, headrest, armrest, footrest,
  lap tray mounting photo story
• Velcro, industrial velcro, dycem, brackets,
  screws

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Hierarchy of Switch Location

• Head, including jaw, check, eyebrow, eye blink
• Mouth
• Hand
• Feet
• Other upper or lower extremity location such as
  knee

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Now What? Success Strategies

• Techniques
• Team approach
• Trial Error
• CCE
• Practice Repetition
• Engaging activity
• Resources
• Goal setting

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Success Strategies

• Engaging activity
• Arrange the environment
• Be a good communication partner
• Use the Prompt Hierachy
• Creating Communication Environments CCE
  www.wati.org

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Arrange the Environment

• Common Strategies.
• Use motivating and engaging materials and
  activities
• Materials should be in view but not accessible
• Student should need assistance with some materials

CCE
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Arrange the Environment

• Common Strategies.
• Provide small or inadequate amounts of materials
  (1 vs. )?
• Sabotage
• Provide something the student doesnt like/want

CCE
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Be a good communication Partner

• Accept and respond to ANY attempt
• Provide descriptive feedback
• (You are driving the chair and you made it
  stop)?

CCE
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Be a good communication Partner

• Be silent when appropriate
• Use a prompt hierarchy

CCE
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Prompt Hierarchy

• Environmental Cue
• PAUSE
• Open Question
• PAUSE
• Prompt OR Request
• - PAUSE
• Full Model
• PAUSE
• Incorporate descriptive feedback into each step

CCE
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Prompt Hierarchy Step 1 Environmental Cue

• Set up the environment to signal to the student
  that an activity is about to begin.
• Ringing bell
• Lining up at the door
• Art materials prepared but out of reach
• Desired items visible but inaccessible
• After student responds, provide... Descriptive
  Feedback

CCE
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Prompt HierarchyPausing Pause after every step

• Focus your attention on the student (expect a
  response!)
• and
• PAUSE
• After student responds, provide...
  Descriptive Feedback

CCE
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Prompt Hierarchy Step 2 Open Question

• If the student does not respond to the pause by
  making a response
• Ask a WHAT, WHY, WHO, WHEN, WHERE, OR HOW
  Question
• What do you want?
• Whose turn is it?
• Where does that go?
• AND then...PAUSE
• After student responds, provide.
• Descriptive Feedback

CCE
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Prompt Hierarchy Step 3Prompt or Request
Communication

• Provide a prompt to students
• Choices, carrier phrase, initial sound, visual
  cue OR
• Request Communication
• Tell me what you need.
• Tell me what goes next.
• AND thenPAUSE
• After student responds, provide...
  Descriptive Feedback

CCE
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Prompt Hierarchy Step 4 Full Model

• Provide a full model for student
• Model using switch to activate activity
• May be hand over hand
• AND then...PAUSE
• After student responds, provide...
  Descriptive Feedback

CCE
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Review Prompt Hierachy

• Environmental cue
• Open ended question
• Prompt or request
• Full Model
• Pause - expect a response
• Descriptive feedback

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Resources

• ASNAT Manual www.wati.org
• Fundamentals in Assistive Technology 3rd Edition
  RESNA (Rehabilitation Engineering
  and Assistive Technology Society of North
  America) www.resna.org
• Adaptive Switch Labs inc. http//www.asl-inc.com/
  

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Resources

• Linda Burkhart http//www.lburkhart.com/handouts.h
  tm
• Julie Maro/Caroline Musselwhite
  www.aacintervention.com
• Karen Kangas Seating and Positioning specialist
  kmkangas_at_ptd.nt
• http//www.softtouch.com/stepstolearning.aspx

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Resources

• http//www.inclusive.co.uk/infosite/switches.shtml
  
• http//occupational-therapy.advanceweb.com
• Search articles for Micelle Lange
• Switch Placement
• Switch Assessment

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Writing AT into the IEP

• Writing Measurable IEP Goals Objectives by
  Barbara D. Bateman Cynthia M. Herr
• 25.00
• Using AT to meet Literacy Standards by Sherry L.
  Purcell, Ph.D. and Debbie Grant, M.A
• For grades K-3 and 4-6
• 49.00
• Attainment Company www.AttainmentCompany.com
  1-608-845-7880

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Formula for Writing Goals

• Time frame In 36 weeks
• Conditions Given fiber optic switches on a tray
  array
• Behavior Eric will use an online keyboard to
  complete writing assignments
• Criterion in 10th grade English and civics class
  

Glenn Haupt
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Who Needs a Switch

• http//www.edutopia.org/assistive-technology-enabl
  ing-dreams-video
• http//cesa3at.wikispaces.com/Videos
• Ellen
• Mike
• Susana
• Adrian (347)?
• Lukas (700)?

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Cow
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ASheep
Donkey
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Pig
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Sheep
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Mouse
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