Today you are starting a new unit' Watch the following slide show and try to guess what your new uni

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??? New Unit ???
Today you are starting a new unit. Watch the
following slide show and try to guess what your
new unit will be about.
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Meet Claris, Evans and Alex.
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They are three friends who live in Nairobi, which
is the capital city of Kenya, in East Africa.
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Claris is fourteen and wants to be a scientist.
She loves football, and plays in goal.
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Evans is thirteen. He likes Geography and
History, and would like to be a pilot or a
doctor. He would also like to travel to see
different countries.
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Alex is twelve. His best friend at school is
called Joshua, and he enjoys reading and likes
listening to pop music. He also likes aeroplanes
and wants to be an aviation engineer.
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Claris, Evans and Alex have all had times when
they were excluded from doing many of the things
that we take for granted 
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Clariss parents got sick with HIV/AIDS.
Her Dad died, and her Mum sold boiled maize at
the market to earn money.
Claris stayed at home to look after the house and
cook for her family.
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Then things got worse
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When people found out that her Mum was ill, they
wouldnt buy the boiled maize from her.
Clariss older brothers and sisters ran away
because they were scared.
When their Mum died, the family had nowhere to
go.
Their cousin Francis was too scared of catching
HIV/AIDS to let the family come and live with her.
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Luckily, help was at hand
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A local group called the Kicoshep project started
to help the family. Kicoshep explained to
Clariss cousin, Francis, how HIV /AIDS is
transmitted, so Francis let them stay.
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The project also has  
a school, which the pupils can go to without
having to pay.
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It pays their rent
and gives them free medical care.
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Kicoshep also
provides support for the young people and makes
sure they have someone to talk to.
When I have a problem, I can talk to Susan, one
of the project workers
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Some facts
71 of people living with HIV/AIDS are in sub-
Saharan Africa.
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The number of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in
Africa is equal to the number of children in
Northern Ireland

Scotland

Wales
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Claris, Evans and Alex are less likely to have
the same opportunities as most of us.
But they have had help from some people in the UK
BIG
Heres a
clue
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A group called ActionAid funds Kicoshep. Comic
Relief helps ActionAid to help run community
programmes like this.
Comic Relief have also helped other children so
that they dont feel left out.
Since last Red Nose Day, Comic Relief has given
382,141 to Action Aid.
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Comic Relief and ActionAid
Comic Relief and ActionAid are examples of UK
charities that give aid to different countries.
The aid that these charities give is known as
voluntary aid. You will learn more about
voluntary aid during this unit.
Aid Ideas
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Have you worked out the topic yet?
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International Aid
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International Aid

• In this unit you will learn
• What international aid is
• The different types of international aid
• Sources of international aid
• Why countries give aid
• The problems with aid

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What is Aid?
Money
Emergency Supplies
Food
AID
Technical Equipment
Skilled Workers
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Movement of Aid

• International aid is the movement of money, goods
  and expertise from richer developed countries to
  the poorer developing countries.

Questions
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Aid can be broken into short-term and long-term
aid.
Handout 1
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Short-term Aid
Short-term aid (or emergency aid) is given when
help is needed urgently. This could be the
result of a natural disaster (for example
, ,
) or because of . In
these type of emergencies the most important
help needed is food, , clothing and
shelter.
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Long-term Aid
Improve farming by providing machinery, training
in new farming methods or new seeds
Given to help countries to develop and improve
the quality of life for the people.
Improve literacy by providing teacher training
facilities, money for books and technology or
building new schools
Improve health facilities by providing vaccines,
clinics or training for nurses and doctors
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Types of Aid

• The types of aid we will be looking at are
• Voluntary Aid
• Bi-Lateral Aid
• Tied Aid
• Multi-Lateral Aid
• Emergency Aid

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Voluntary Aid
Voluntary Aid is also known as charity aid. It is
money collected by agencies such as Oxfam and
ActionAid which is then spent on a variety of
different schemes. Most of this aid goes towards
long term development, for example in training
farmers in efficient farming techniques that also
prevent soil erosion. Charities also have
campaigns to collect funds and provide emergency
aid after a disaster, for example, flooding in
Mozambique.
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Example of Voluntary Aid
Earthquake in South Asia Many children are facing
a life-or-death situation. Save the Children is
responding to urgent needs for shelter, blankets
for protection from the weather, food, warm
clothing for children, and first aid kits.
Is this an example of short-term or long-term aid?
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Bi-Lateral Aid(official aid)
This type of aid is from one country to another
(usually from government to government). An
example would be Britain giving money and sending
experts to help build a dam in Turkey. This is
the most common type of aid. This form of aid is
often TIED.
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Tied Aid
Tied aid is aid that comes with strings attached.
This usually means that the country has to spend
the money they receive buying goods and services
from the country that gave it the money (the
donor country). Tied aid, therefore, helps
both the donor and the recipient countries.
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Tied Aid
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This is why tied aid is often known as boomerang
aid
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. because like a boomerang it returns to the
person who sent it.
Donor country


Grants loans given to African countries from
donor countries
Orders for machinery, vehicles, spare parts
instructors.
Boomerang Aid
Grants loans to be spent buying goods
services from the donor country.
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What is the problem with bi-lateral aid?
Sometimes a country will give aid to its special
friends, perhaps countries who have been colonies
of the giving country. Is this fair? To help
prevent this, countries can give aid to an
intermediary institution, like the WORLD BANK or
the INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND, and they
distribute the aid. This is called multi-lateral
aid. Why is this fairer?
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Multilateral Aid (official Aid)

• Multilateral means "many sides".
• This is when many countries give aid to an
  international organisation e.g. UN (United
  Nations) or European Union (EU)
• Advantage Recipient countries can help decide
  how it is spent
• Normally, it will not have to be repaid

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Emergency Aid
After a natural disaster such as an earthquake or
flood, help is needed straight away. This help
includes food, clean water, shelter, medicines
and the staff to organise these materials.
Handout 2
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Tony Blair sends farming technology and skilled
workers to Sudan
British Teachers Help Zambian Schools
UN gives money to Asia after tsunami disaster
French Emergency Medical Supplies Ease Sudanese
Famine
Oxfam sends 200 tonnes of food to Ghana following
large scale drought
Architects sent to Ethiopia to advise on building
new schools
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British Aid to Developing Countries
Think of another way of presenting this
information and put it into your jotter.
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The Problems with Aid
Unsuitable Aid
Have some combine harvesters and tractors
They look good but petrol is expensive, no one
can repair them and I cant drive!
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Problems With Aid
Aid does not help the most needy
Thanks, we shall buy guns and tanks and build
nuclear power stations.
What about us????
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Problems With Aid
Aid causes other problems
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Example of Bad Aid
Brazil borrowed billions of US in the 1970s to
fund a Hydro Electric Power water scheme which
involved the building of two large dams on the
River Sao Francisco. This big project gave
rise to a number of problems
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• 70000 poor farmers were displaced from the
  fertile land flooded by the lake.
• the project created few jobs for local people
• poor resettled farmers were not given any
  compensation, this caused unrest
• rich farmers demanded, and were given
  compensation
• the electricity produced was only used in rich
  town areas
• many poor people left the countryside and went
  to live in the poorer areas of the cities

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Aid for Self-Help
When international aid is used for large-scale
projects, such as building dams and power
stations, it does not usually benefit the people
who need help most. An alternative is to use
aid for self-help schemes. These schemes help
people to help themselves, which means that they
can continue to run the schemes after the aid has
ended.
Handout 3
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Tries to improve the education standards and
promotes the development of skills
These schemes encourage people to help themselves
When local resources and technology are used this
type of aid is sometimes called intermediate aid
or appropriate technology
Use simple technology so the skills of the
local people are used and they do not have to
rely on experts from developing countries.
Aid for Self-Help
Often on a very small scale this makes them
cheaper and countries do not have to borrow
money.
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Examples of Aid for Self-Help and Appropriate
Technology
International Aid Scheme
Self-Help Scheme
LARGE FARM MACHINERY
BETTER PLOUGHS
Needs experts from other countries to build and
maintain
Uses local materials and is made in workshops by
local people
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Examples of intermediate technology cont..
International Aid Scheme
Self-Help Scheme
Bio-Gas Plant
Large Power Station
Making bio-gas plants which takes manure and
produces gas for cooking and natural fertiliser.
They are made cheaply in every village, providing
many jobs.
Very expensive so few are built, and provides few
jobs