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Putting Theory Into Practice

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'Learn your theories as well as you can, then put them aside when ... Helper defines his/her own style - theories provide rationale ... (Arnold Lazarus) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Putting Theory Into Practice


1
Putting Theory Into Practice
  • Learn your theories as well as you can, then
    put them aside when you touch the miracle of the
    human soul.
  • - Carl Jung

2
Putting Theory Contd
  • Points To Ponder -
  • Theories are not a rigid set of rules or steps.
  • Helper will use parts of many theories.
  • Helper defines his/her own style - theories
    provide rationale and direction.

3
Psychodynamic Approaches
  • Focus on internal determinants of behavior
    (values, beliefs, attitudes)
  • Client perception of reality is important.
  • Stress client insight during therapy.
  • Holistic, humanistic, goal-oriented social.

4
Psychodynamic Approaches Contd
  • Examples
  • Psychoanalytic Theory (Sigmund Freud)
  • Behavior determined by irrational forces,
    unconscious motivations, instinct.
  • Ego defense mechanisms
  • Adlerian Theory (Alfred Adler)
  • Behavior is purposeful and goal-directed.
  • What client is born with is not the central
    issue - but what they do with it.
  • Birth order sibling relationships are
    important.
  • Adler has contributed to many other approaches!!

5
Relationship -Oriented Approaches
  • Counselor-Client relationship is primary,
    techniques secondary.
  • Therapists attitudes values are as important
    as knowledge and techniques.
  • Self-disclosure is encouraged in most approaches.
  • Client awareness comes from the relationship.
  • Examples
  • Existential Therapy (Victor Frankl)
  • Believe people are constantly in the process of
    becoming.
  • Created 6 basic themes of the human condition.

6
Relationship Contd
  • Person-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers)
  • Opposite of psychoanalytic.
  • Nondirective counseling. Therapists avoid
    self-disclosure.
  • Focus on reflecting clarifying verbal /
    nonverbal client communication.
  • Believe people can resolve own issues WITHOUT
    direction intervention of therapist.
  • Humans develop in a positive and constructive
    manner IF climate of respect trust is
    established.
  • Very positive outlook on human nature.

7
Relationship Contd
  • Gestalt Therapy (Fritz Perls)
  • Must find own way in life and accept personal
    responsibility.
  • Goal is to gain awareness, self-understanding and
    the knowledge to make change.
  • Nothing exists except the Now.
  • (focusing on the past is a way to avoid coming to
    terms with present)
  • 5 layers of neurosis.
  • Client language is important. Can deny or give
    power. You I messages.

8
Cognitive / Behavioral Approaches
  • Believe in a collaborative relationship.
  • Psychological issues are caused by a disturbance
    in the cognitive process.
  • Focus is on changing cognitions or thought
    process - then altering behavior.
  • Tend to focus on specific / targeted problems.
  • Client is active during and outside therapy
    sessions.
  • Therapists use a variety of behavioral techniques
    strategies to bring about change.

9
Behavioral Contd
  • Examples
  • Behavior Therapy (Arnold Lazarus)
  • 3 area of development - classical, operant,
    cognitive conditioning.
  • Focus is on taking action.
  • Goal is to create new conditions for learning.
  • Concentrate on current problems.
  • Relaxation training, hypnosis, assertion
    training, meditation, modeling, imagery.

10
Behavioral Contd
  • Reality Therapy (William Glasser)
  • Human behavior originates from within rather than
    from external forces.
  • Behavior fulfills 5 psychological needs
    Belonging, power, freedom, fun survival.
  • All behavior has a purpose.
  • Believe that changing a persons thinking will
  • change his/her feelings.
  • Goal is to teach people more effective ways of
  • Getting what they want in life.
  • Skillful questioning, personal-growth plans, use
    of humor, paradoxical techniques (double-bind).

11
Behavioral Contd.
  • Solution Focused Brief Therapy
  • Views people as competent resourceful - have
    the ability to find solutions. Keep it
    positive!!
  • Therapist takes a collaborative consultative
    stance.
  • Focus is on clients strengths, exceptions.
  • Do not dwell in the past, things that cannot be
    changed.
  • Client therapist establish clear, specific,
    realistic and meaningful goals for change.
  • Miracle question, scales, contracts, homework
    assignments, exceptions search, strengths
    inventory, measurable action plans.
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