WP3: Molecular counterparts and effects of jets on their environment

1
WP3 Molecular counterparts and effects of jets
on their environment

• WP managers
• B. Nisini (Rome Observatory)
• S. Cabrit (Observatoire de Paris)

2

• Outline
• Progress on WP3 Milestones
• Scientific highlights
• New projects started since Villard
• Interactions with other WPs
• Prospects for 2007-2008
• Key questions that JETSET could solve
• Possible new collaborations ?

3
WP3 milestones

• Milestone 3a definition of key molecular
  observations and submission of proposals (24
  months)
• Milestone 3b Database with observations of
  molecular jets and outflows (48 months) shared
  with WP2
• Milestone 3c Comparison of observations with
  models (48 months)
• WP3 ERs/ESRs (recruited in 2005)
• Rome/Tautenburg shared ESR Rebeca Garcia Lopez
• Rome ESR Odysseas Dionatos
• Tautenburg ER Alessio Caratti o Garatti

4
WP progress on milestones

• Milestone 3a definition of key molecular
  observations and submission of proposals (24
  months)
• WP3 has been very active in this area, with 13
  new coordinated proposals being accepted and/or
  conducted since 2005.
• NB Many projects in the near-IR are at the
  interface WP2/WP3, as they probe both H2
  (molecular jet) and Fe II (atomic jet)
  need for a more practical division ?

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Milestone 3a Details

• Proposals submitted (s)/accepted(a)/conducted(c)
  during 2005/2006
• -Inner region of molecular jets Class II, Class
  I, Class 0
• Davis (H2 microjets in Class I, NACO,(c),
  Sinfoni(a)), Rome, Dublin
• Nisini (H2 excitation of small scale jets,
  ISAAC,(c)),
• Dougados (H2 from the DG Tau microjet,
  Sinfoni(c)),
• Coffey (H2 rotation in Class I/II, ISAAC(c)),
• Chrisostomou (H2 rotation in Class I, ISAAC (c),
  Gemini S(a)),
• Nisini (Class 0 jet base, Spitzer(c))
• Codella (search for rotation in the Class 0 jet
  HH212, PdBI,(c)),
• - Outer region of molecular jets and interaction
  with ISM
• Nisini (H2 jets excitation and dynamics in Class
  I, ISAAC(c), UKIRT-UIST(a))
• Giannini (excitation in the HH99 molecular bow
  shock, Sinfoni(a)),
• Caratti o Garatti (jet proper motion, kinematics,
  NTT(c)),
• Caratti o Garatti/Froebrich (correlation jets/
  Class 0 evolution, NTT(a), TNG(a), UKIRT(a))
• Nisini (sub-mm obs. in molecular bullets and
  outflows, JCMT (s), Apex(a))
• Codella (HDO observations in outflows, IRAM (a))
• Herschel GT Key Projects Water lines Unbiased
  spectral survey (s)

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Kinematics and excitation of Class I jets Rebeca
Garcia-Lopez PhD project (collaboration with
Tautenburg and Arcetri) using high res. Data
collected with ISAAC at VLT.
HH34 ISAAC observations

• A new proposal with the UIST-IFU at UKIRT has
  been accepted and part of the data collected in
  February VLA 1 and HH111 jets

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Spitzer observations of the L1448 molecular jet
(Class0) Rome project involving Odysseas
Dionatos (collaboration with C. Davis)
L1448 bow-shock
L1448-CS

• Spitzer adopted slits for HL, HS and LL modules
• Background image IRAC 4.5µm from
• Jorgensen et al. ApJ 2006 (in press)

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CO jets and molecular bullets SiO excitation
Nisini et al. AA submitted

• Combination of IRAM (J2,3,5,6) and JCMT(J10,11)
  observations

• LVG model of the B1 and R1 bullets (dV20 km/s)

Black squares pointing positions Countours
Guilloteau et al. 1992 SiO 1-0
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PdBI study of HH212 jet

• PI C. Codella (collaboration Arcetri, Grenoble,
  Paris)
• Goal confirm rotation signatures seen in H2
  (Davis et al.)
• SiO(5-4) map reaches angular resolution
  0.3x0.8
• SiO reveals innermost jet within 2 of the
  source
• no SiO in brightest H2 knot bowshock (cf.
  Poster)

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PdBI study of HH212 jet
SiO Kinematics Across
jet axis Along jet axis agrees
-gradient only in South 1 with H2 line coverage
-opposite sense to disk and H2

(see also Poster by Correia et al.)
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Milestone 3b

• Milestone 3b Database with observations of
  molecular jets and outflows (48 months) cf.
  Milestone 2b
• In Villard de Lans, a SOC has been nominated to
  oversee the database of both atomic and molecular
  jets (Eisloeffel, Lery, Dougados, Nisini,
  Bacciotti, Cabrit). Jochen Eisloeffel agreed to
  be chairperson and to lead the database group.
• Virtual SOC meeting in July on database
  management Lery is in charge of collaboration
  with the CDS in Strasbourg to develop the
  software interface Emma Whelan is appointed
  Content manager.
• First step Compilation of data available within
  JETSET to be ready for Torino school to define
  database structure put proposals to fill-in
  holes before JETSET ends give constraints to
  theorists
• Cf. Database discussion after coffee break (1730
  to 1930)

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New projects

• - Alessio Caratti o Garatti (ER in Tautenburg)
  has started a new project, in collaboration with
  Rome and Dublin, for the study of jet kinematics
  at optical and NIR wavelengths, by means of
  proper motion and radial velocity analysis. an
  observational campaign has been conducted in May
  at ESO with Emmi at NTT (narrow band imaging and
  high-res spectroscopy) of a sample of HH
  objects, for which first epoch images are
  available.
• - The same group has started another
  project, aimed to compare the physical parameters
  of Class 0 jets with the properties of their
  exciting sources, for which observing time has
  been obtained so far at TNG and UKIRT.

13
Milestone 3c

• Milestone 3c Comparison of observations with
  models (48 months)
• Two new collaborations started, involving JETSET
  ESRs
• Between Rome and Paris multi-wavelength (near-IR
  to FIR) comparison of shocks in Class 0 flows
  with molecular shock models (Odysseas Dionatos).
  
• Similar work conducted on HH54 during 2005 (lead
  by Teresa Giannini, collaboration Rome, Paris,
  Tautenburg) now in press.
• Between Porto and Paris on the chemistry of MHD
  jets from disks (Despina Panoglou WP1/WP3). Cf.
  Poster

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Chemistry of MHD disk winds
Ph.D. Thesis of D. Panoglou (Porto) In
collaboration with Paris
Streamline anchored at 1 AU remains mostly
molecular for Macc 1e-5 Mo/yr (see Poster)
MHD self-similar disk wind solution from Ferreira
(1997)
Ion-neutral momentum exchange from Garcia et al.
2001 ? drift speeds and ambipolar
heating Chemistry and molecular heating/cooling
from Flower Pineau des Forets (2003)
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Chemistry of MHD disk winds

• Temperature plateau around 4000 K Origin ?
• Very low ionisation (1e-7)
• Preliminary results ! Influence of initial
  abundances, accretion rate, and MHD solution, to
  be explored.
• Effect of stellar UV and X-ray photons ?

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Milestone 3c

• Milestone 3c Comparison of observations with
  models (48 months)
• Interface with WP5 (numerical simulations)
• Ongoing collaboration Dublin-Paris biases in
  flow ages and momentum rates deduced from CO line
  observations of outflows, using long-term (1500
  yrs) jet simulations (Downes and Cabrit, 2006 in
  prep.)
• MHD simulations of collapse with rotation and
  B-field production of MHD molecular jets from
  very young protostars (Hennebelle and Cabrit, in
  prep.).

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Interactions with other WPs

• Interaction with WP4
• Feasibility study of a C-shock experiment (Paris,
  London) Andrea Ciardi, P. Lesaffre, S. Lebedev
• Further interaction with WP1
• Determination of the disk rotation sense (using
  CO lines with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer)
  to compare with jet transverse gradients (optical
  and near-IR spectra) Constraints on the jet
  launch radius ?
• Cabrit et al. (2006), Pety et al. (2006), Cabrit
  et al. In prep.

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Rotation sense of disks vs jets
(Cabrit et al. 2006, AA)

• Displacement between blue and redshifted CO
  perpendicular to jet ? rotation
• PV diagram (and line profile) compatible with
  bound rotation around M1.4Mo, i 45degrees.
• Rotation sense opposite to velocity shift in the
  jet (Woitas et al. 2005)
• More recent results
• HH30 (Pety et al. 2006) not OK
• CW Tau (Cabrit et al., in prep) OK
• 50 agreement on 4 objects
• More statistics needed !

RW Aur A
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Prospects for 2007-2008

• Key questions in WP3 that JETSET should solve
• Evolution of jet properties with source Class
  (0/I/II) same ejection mechanism at all phases ?
  
• Comparison of ratio Mej/Macc need to understand
  why S. Antoniucci et al. find ratio 1 in Class
  I sample
• Underestimated jet mass-flux rate ? Seems
  unlikely
• Bias in Av values in strong jet sources ? (eg 60
  mag instead of 30mag would increase L(Brg) and
  Lacc by factor of 10)
• Physical link between molecular and atomic jets
  in a given source same origin or two flows ?
• Calculate theroretical PVs in H2 and FeII for
  comparison with observations
• Rotation signatures/upper limits in both
  components

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Prospects for 2007-2008

• Constraints on B-field in jets
• Compression vs shock model predictions (cf. P.
  Hartigans talk)
• Molecular shock conditions (C-shocks vs J-shocks)
• Fe depletion and SiO abundance (ion-neutral drift
  speed)
• Formation of molecular outflows
• Proper motion studies (Caratti o Garatti) can be
  compared with numerical simulations of jet /
  cloud interaction (WP5).
• Other suggestions ???

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Suggestions

• NB Many projects in the near-IR are at the
  interface WP2/WP3, as they probe both H2
  (molecular jet) and Fe II (atomic jet)
• need for a more practical division
• According to source type ? (e.g. Class II in WP2,
  Class I/0 in WP3)
• Water masers and jets from massive stars studied
  at Arcetri by R. Cesaroni et al. (cf. WP2 report
  in e-bulletin)
• More interactions with WP3 could be useful