Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

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Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Plaques forming in arteries from cholesterol
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PA. STANDARDS

• 3.1.10. A.   Apply the elements of scientific
  inquiry to solve problems.
• 3.1.10. B.Examine the advantages of using models
  to demonstrate processes and outcomes
• 3.2.10. A.   Apply the elements of scientific
  inquiry to solve problems.
• 3.3.10. B.    Describe and explain the chemical
  and structural basis of living organisms.

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Circulatory System

• Objectives
• List five types of molecules that are transported
  by the cardiovascular system
• Differentiate between arteries, capillaries, and
  veins.
• Relate the function of the lymphatic system to
  the functions of the cardiovascular and immune
  systems

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DO NOW

• Analyze the following graph and list three facts
  that the data tells you.
• What data is missing from the graphs?

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Leading Causes of Death for Black or
African-American Males and Females United States
2002 Source CDC
D Assault (Homicide) E HIV(AIDS) F Diabetes
Mellitus G Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome
A Total CVD (Preliminary) B Cancer C Accidents
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Circulatory System- the bodys highway system

• Function- to connect the muscles and organs of
  the body through an extensive system of vessels
  that transport blood and different types of
  molecules to the tissues.
• Five types of molecules
• Nutrients from digested food (carbs, lipids,
  proteins)
• Oxygen from the lungs
• Metabolic wastes for excretion (CO2)
• Hormones
• Heat (Homeostasis)

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Circulatory System

• Structures- (Fig. 2 pg. 873 Holt)
• Heart- a muscular pump
• Arteries-blood vessels that carry blood away from
  the heart (A away)
• Arterioles- connects arteries to capillaries
• Capillaries-tiny blood vessels that exchange
  gases, nutrients, hormones and molecules.
• Venules-connect capillaries to veins
• Veins- returns blood to the heart
• Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards
• Weak and dilated veins Varicose veins,
  hemorrhoids

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Circulatory System Activity

• In groups of three draw an outline of a human
  body on the paper
• Draw the heart.
• Using the red marker draw the arteries and
  arterioles and capillaries branching off.
• Using the blue markers draw the venules and veins
  leading back to the heart.
• Place arrows showing the direction of the blood
  flow.
• Using figure 4. (p. 875) add the organs of the
  lymphatic system.

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Cardiovascular System

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Assessment

• List five types of molecules that are transported
  to the tissues in your body by the blood stream.
• List the direction of blood flow beginning with
  your heart.
• List three organs that are in the lymphatic
  system.

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Components of Blood

• Do Now
• List two diseases of the blood.

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Components of Blood

• Plasma- water, metabolites and wastes. Salts,
  proteins
• Blood cells
• Red blood cells- carry oxygen, 1mL 5 million, 4
  months, produced by stem cells in bone marrow
• White blood cells- leukocytes, defense,
  1-2wbc/1000 rbc, have nuclei
• Platelets-not a cell, clotting

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What blood type are you?
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Activity Looking at Cells

• Using the microscope observe and draw each type
  of blood cell.
• What does a sickle cell look like?
• Compare the shape to a normal red blood cell.
• How does the shape effect the function?

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OBJECTIVES

• Summarize the path that blood follows through the
  heart.
• Describe three ways to monitor the health of the
  circulatory system.
• Name two vascular diseases, and identify factors
  that contribute to their development.

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Circulation of Blood- Fig 9, p. 881

• Superior and inferior vena cava
• Right Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary arteries
• Lung
• Pulmonary veins
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle
• Aorta
• Body

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Monitoring the CV System

• Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood as
  it moves through blood vessels.
• Electrocardiograms (ECGs or EKGs) measures tiny
  electrical impulses produced from the heart
  muscle as it contracts
• Heart Rate- pulse- pressure waves within an
  artery caused by contractions of the left
  ventricle

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ACTIVITY

• Find a partner
• Using your index and middle fingers to find your
  pulse on your wrist or neck
• Your partner will watch the clock
• Count how many times you feel your heart beat
  for ten seconds
• Multiply this number by six
• Do this three times and find your average resting
  heart rate
• Now it is your partners turn

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ACTIVITY

• Now stand up and do as many jumping jacks you can
  for one minute
• Your partner will watch the clock
• Find your pulse and count how many heart beats
  for 10 seconds
• Multiply this number by six
• Do this three times, record your average
• Now it is your partners turn

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Data Analysis

• How does your heart rate differ from your
  classmates?
• Why does your heart rate increase during
  exercise?
• What factors would contribute to a difference in
  these numbers?

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Heart Attacks and Strokes

• Heart attacks occur when an area of the heart
  muscle stops working and dies due to blockage in
  an artery.
• Strokes occur when an area of the brain dies.
  Death or varying degrees of disability may result.

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Blockage of Arteries

• Blockage of an artery may be caused by plaque
  build up or a blood clot and it blocks the flow
  of blood to the heart or brain.
• Atherosclerosis-build up of fatty deposits,
  including cholesterol
• Arteriosclerosis- calcium is deposited in the
  fatty buildup and causes hardening of the
  arteries.

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Risk Factors of Heart Disease

• Uncontrollable risk factors
• Age
• sex
• family history of heart disease
• Controllable risk factors
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol levels
• Cigarette smoking
• So exercise, eat a healthy diet, treat high blood
  pressure and cholesterol levels!

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Activity

• Students will keep a week long record of the food
  they eat and exercise.
• Students will bring in the two nutritional labels
  of their favorite foods.
• Using the calorie/fat content book look up the
  caloric and fat contents of the foods you had.
• Understanding food labels video.

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Assessment

• Are you at risk?
• What changes can you make in your life style to
  lower your risk?
• How will you convince your family?
• How can you make a family recipe healthier?

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RESOURCES
http//www.americanheart.org/ http//www.fda.gov