Energy Data and Systems

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Energy Data and Systems

• E. G. Meyer
• University of Wyoming
• Advanced Clean Coal Technologies

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the QUAD

• A quad is a quadrillion (1015) Btu.
• A quad is 176,000,000 barrels of oil
• A quad is a trillion (1012) cuft. of natural gas
• A quad is 44,000,000 tons of coal
• World consumption of energy is about 450Q
• U.S. consumption of energy is about 100Q

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World Coal Reserves by RegionDOE

• North America 6280 Quads
• Cent So America 500 Quads
• Europe 1830 Quads
• Eurasia 5700 Quads
• Middle East 10 Quads
• Africa 1260 Quads
• Asia Oceania 7370 Quads
• World total 23000 Quads

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World Natural Gas Reserves by RegionDOE

• North America 280 Quads
• Cent So America 250 Quads
• Europe 200 Quads
• Eurasia 2100 Quads
• Middle East 2600 Quads
• Africa 500 Quads
• Asia Oceania 460 Quads
• World total 6400 Quads

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World Petroleum Reserves by RegionDOE

• North America 260 Quads
• Cent So America 440 Quads
• Europe 90 Quads
• Eurasia 700 Quads
• Middle East 4080 Quads
• Africa 630 Quads
• Asia Oceania 210 Quads
• World total 6400 Quads

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World Energy Consumption,2004, 2015, and 2030
(quadrillion Btu)
404
OECD
298
294
Non-OECD
265
240
207
2004
2015
2030
International Energy Outlook 2007
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World Marketed Energy Consumption,
1980-2030(quadrillion Btu)
History
Projections
34
Liquids
28
38
24
Coal
26
Share of World Total
Natural Gas
23
Renewables
8
7
6
Nuclear
6
International Energy Outlook 2007
12
Average Annual Growth in DeliveredEnergy
Consumption, 2004-2030 (percent)
International Energy Outlook 2007
13
World Liquids Production, 2004-2030(million
barrels per day oil equivalent)
118
Total
Non-OPEC (Conventional)
54
53
OPEC (Conventional)
Unconventional
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International Energy Outlook 2007
14
World Electricity Generation by Fuel,
2004-2030(trillion kilowattours)
International Energy Outlook 2007
15
World Net Electricity Generation,2004, 2015,
and 2030 (billion kilowatthours)
17,174
13,190
OECD
Non-OECD
11,120
11,169
9,455
6,969
2004
2015
2030
International Energy Outlook 2007
16
World Nuclear Power Generation,2004, 2015, and
2030 (billion kilowatthours)
2,526
OECD
2,335
2,220
1,093
Non-OECD
637
399
2004
2015
2030
International Energy Outlook 2007
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World Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions,
1990-2030 (billion metric tons)
History
Projections
Total
43
Coal
40
36
Liquids
39
21
Natural Gas
20
International Energy Outlook 2007
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World Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions,
1990-2030 (million metric tons)
26,226
19,197
OECD
16,654
Non-OECD
14,692
13,457
13,465
11,399
9,847
2004
2015
2030
1990
International Energy Outlook 2007
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U.S. Primary energy consumption by fuel 1960-2030
History
Projections
Liquid Fuels
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables
Annual Energy Outlook 2007
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U.S. Natural Gas Production, Consumption, and Net
Imports, 1960-2030 (trillion cubic feet)
History
Projections
Consumption
21
Net Imports
16
Production
Natural Gas Net Imports, 2005 and 2030 (trillion
cubic feet)
Annual Energy Outlook 2007
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U.S. Liquid Fuels and Other Petroleum Supply,
Consumption, and Net Imports, 1960-2030 (million
barrels per day)
History
Projections
61
Consumption
Net Imports
60
Domestic Supply
Annual Energy Outlook 2007
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U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel,
1980-2030 (billion kilowatthours)
History
Projections
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables
Petroleum
Annual Energy Outlook 2007
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U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions,
1980-2030 (million metric tons)
History
Projections
7,950 in 2030
6,944 in 2020
6,214 in 2010
Carbon Dioxide Emission Intensity,
1980-2030 (metric tons per million 2000 dollars
of GDP)
486 in 2010
407 in 2020
353 in 2030
Annual Energy Outlook 2007
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Total CO2 emissions in 2030 are down in AEO2008
with decline in energy consumption
million metric tons
Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions
AEO2007 2030
AEO2008 2030
2006
Delivered, including losses
AEO2008 Press Conference Presentation December
12, 2007
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COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS BY AGE AND SIZE
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Impact of CO2 Capture Retrofit on PC Plant
Economics

• No Capture 50 Capture 90 Capture
• Power
• Output 550 460
  385
• MW________________________________________________
  _____
• LCOE
• /kWh____0.064_________0.010__________0.013_______
  ________
• incr COE 15 20
• Break-even
• Cost CO2
  60 53
  /ton_____________________________________________
  _______

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Advanced Clean Coal Technologies
(ACCT), LLC
Coal21st Coal Refining Process

• January 2008

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I. Complete oxidation (combustion)
to form CO2 and H2OII. Partial combustion
(gasification) to form CO and
H2III. NO oxidation (ACCT coal refining) to
produce naphtha, BTX, sulfur, ammonia, char, and
syn-gas
Types of Fossil Fuel Processes
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ACCT Coal 21st Process Inputs and Outputs
6 Mw
Internally Generated
(140 tpd)
160 tpd
(Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene) at 75 tpd
1000 tpd
32 tpd
Naphtha
6 tpd
40 tpd
370 tpd
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Ultimate Integrated Coal Refining Process Flow
AIR SEPARATION
NITROGEN Or CO2
STEAM
INERT GAS FOR DRY FEED
PARTIAL OXIDATION POX REACTOR
CO / CH4 RICH RECYCLE GAS
H2
COAL PREPARATION AND FEED
SYNGAS
1600 F to 2200OF HOT POX GAS
FISHER TROPSE (FT) SYNTHESIS OF HIGH VALUE DIESEL
Optional H2, CO Gas Separation for
hydro-treatment
STEAM
H2
SYNGAS
SWEET GAS
COOLING, LIQUIDS CONDENSATION, AMMONIA RECOVERY
AROMATIC s, OILS AND SYNGASES
OPTIONAL SHIFT AND / OR STEAM REFORM REACTOR
ACID GAS REMOVAL AGR
HDP REACTOR AND CHAR
WATER QUENCH
STEAM
SULFUR OR SULFURIC ACID
AROMATIC OILS
AMMONIA
RECYCLE
OPTIONAL RECYCLE AROMATIC OILS
OPTIONAL OIL QUENCH OILS
OR OIL INJECTED TO PRODUCE MORE SYNGAS
BTX
RECOVER HYDRO TREATED OILS
HOT CHAR (LOW SN)
OPTIONAL RECOVERY OR RECYCLE
CLOSE COUPLED EXISTING PC, BOILER, OR CFBC, OR
PCFBC
POWER FOR COAL REFINERY
NAPHTHA
FUEL OIL
YES
ON SITE USE
EXCESS POWER TO GRID
SLAG
BFW
MAKE UP
SYNTHETIC COAL
NO
PRODUCE PITCH OR BINDER WITH CHAR
TRANSMISSION TOWERS
TRAIN
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Example of what an ACCT Coal 21st Coal Refinery
would look like (Using the DOE/SC Power System
Development Facility for Scale)
Fuel Handling
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1000 tpd subbituminous coal yields
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1000 tpd bituminous coal yields
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Coal21st Economic Benefits

• High value chemicals produced primarily benzene
  with some toluene and xylene (BTX) for chemical
  processing facilities.
• Benzene is a raw material for production of
  phenol, malic acid, caprolactam, alkylbenzene,
  styrene, and dye stuff intermediates.
• Toluene (Methylbenzene) is a Solvent for paint
  and rubber, and Raw material for toluene
  di-isocyanate, benzoic acid, and dye stuff
  intermediate.
• Xylene is solvent for paint and insecticide, and
  raw material for paraxylene, orthoxylene, and
  ethylbenzene
• Naphtha as N-dodecane with boiling point (bp) of
  4210 F
  
• Fuel Oil as N-pentadecane with bp of 5190 F
• Other oils like thiophene with some sulfur (bp
  1830 F) pyrrole with some nitrogen (bp 2660 F),
  heavy oils like chrysene (bp 8260 F)
• Low sulfur diesel, methanol, or other chemicals
  from residue syngas.
• Low sulfur, low nitrogen, high Btu solid fuel-Char

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ACCT Proprietary Information

• Hydrodisportionation (HDP) operation and design
• Optimization of Flash Hydropyrolysis conditions
• Separation of HDP reactor products
• Mixer/Injector feed system for fast pressurized
  non-agglomerating feed of coal
• Reforming methane for hydrogen conservation and
  H2 CO production which initiates Flash
  Hydropyrolysis
• Integration of ACCT Flash Hydropyrolysis system
  with oil refinery type downstream system.
• Production of syngas for conversion to low S
  diesel.

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ACCT 100 TPD Commercial Optimization Plant Coal
Processing Flow Sheet
Pressurized N or CO2 inert gas carrier
Silo and pressurized lock hopper
Coal Silo and day bin
CH4, H2, CO2 and CO gases
Methane or LPG
Coal conveyor
Silo and pressurized lock hopper
Oxygen
Steam
Partial Oxidation (POX) reactor
Clyde Pneumatic Star feeder Or slot feeder
H2 and CO POX gas
Multi-condensation Units
50 to 250 micron PC with N or CO2 compressor
Liquids (BTX, naphtha, fuel oil, etc.)
Condensable and non-condensable gases
ESP or Baghouse filter
Cyclone separator
Cyclone Separator
HydroDisproportionation (HDP) Reactor 30 ft high
with 6 inch id and 3 ft od.
Pulverizer
Char Collector
Elbow with a pillow
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Advantages of the Coal21st Technology

• Yield 40 char, 35 liquids, 25 Syngas
• Carbon is sequestered in the liquids
• Liquids from Syngas sequester carbon
• Char, which is carbon, replaces coal for
  producing electricity. It has 90 of the S and
  75 of the N and all of the valuable hydrocarbons
  (petrochemicals) removed as salable products.
  Char has a high heat value, is uniform, requires
  no scrubbing, etc, and the CO2 readily captured.

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I00 tpd optimization plant is estimated to cost
5.5 MM without separation of liquid products or
S/NH3
IDC is Interest During Construction
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100 tpd is estimated to yiekl 24 ROE and to
cost 22 MM