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Sociology

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Major reason for the emergence of Sociology ... Proletariat: Labor and Skill workers: Middle class. Classes will experience conflict ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sociology


1
Sociology
  • Chapter 1 Section 2
  • Sociology Then and Now
  • Standard 1.2 1.11

2
The Early Years
  • Sociology did not develop until the 1800s (The
    New Science)
  • Industrial Revolution
  • Major reason for the emergence of Sociology
  • With the Industrial Revolution came the emergence
    of MODERN CITIES
  • Social Problems developed
  • 1. Work
  • 2. Housing
  • 3. Crime
  • 4. Pollution
  • Political Problems of late 1700 early 1800s
  • American and French Revolutions
  • Why did this happen?

3
The Birth of Sociology
  • Auguste Comte
  • Father of Sociology
  • First to use to term
  • French 1789-1857
  • Wanted to find solutions to chaos of revolution
  • Developed scientific approach to social issues
  • Two basic problems Order and Change
  • Social Statics Society remains stable over long
    period of time (China)
  • Social Dynamics Elements change to allow for
    social change
  • Birthplace(s)
  • France, Germany, and England
  • Early Industrialized Nations
  • Comte Influenced later sociologists

4
Karl Marx and the Conflict Perspective
  • Karl Marx
  • German 1818-1883
  • Died Poor
  • Society based on structure of economy
  • Wrote Communist Manifesto
  • Society broken into two classes
  • Bourgeoisie Capitalists Own the means of
    production
  • Proletariat Labor and Skill workers Middle
    class
  • Classes will experience conflict
  • Conflict will lead to social unrest
  • Unrest will lead to a failure in the system
  • Conflict Perspective
  • Advocated by Marx
  • Focus on forces in society that lead to
    inequality, competition, and change
  • Conflict WILL lead to change
  • Most influential theory of the Twentieth Century

5
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism
  • Herbert Spencer
  • English 1820-1903
  • Influenced by Charles Darwin
  • Darwin wrote the Origin of Species
  • Survival of the fittest
  • Social Darwinism Spencer took Darwins theories
    and applied them to human SOCIETY (Compared
    Society to Nature)

6
Emile Durkheim
  • French 1858-1903
  • First to apply methods of science to social
    issues (Scientific Method)
  • Tested theories through use of Statistics
  • Did in-depth research on Suicide
  • Functionalists Perspective
  • Different aspects of society interrelate with one
    another to hold society together
  • Ex. Religion has a role in keeping society stable
    by teaching a morals

7
Max Weber (Vay bur)
  • Germany 1864-1920
  • 1910 Founded the German Sociological Society
  • Focused on smaller groups and individuals
  • Interactionist
  • Verstehen (fehr-shtay-en) Empathy
  • Putting yourself in someone elses place
  • Ideal Type Essential Characteristic of some
    aspect of society
  • Ex School all are not Exactly the same, but
    they are very close

8
Current Perspectives
  • Theory Systematic explanation of relationships
    among phenomena
  • Theoretical Perspectives a set of ASSUMPTIONS
    based on the nature of society
  • Functionalist
  • Interactionist
  • Conflict Karl Marx

9
Functionalist Perspective
  • Spencer and Durkheim
  • Society is a set of interrelated parts that work
    together to form stability in society
  • People agree on what is best and Most follow the
    rules
  • Function Consequence that an element of society
    produces for the maintenance of social stability
    (Religion)
  • Dysfunction Something that takes away from the
    stability of society (Crime)
  • Manifest function Intended function of some
    element of society (LAWS keep order)
  • Latent function Unintended function of some
    element of society (Cell phone communication
    and Social Status)

10
Interactionist Perspective
  • Weber
  • Focus on how Individuals interact in society
    (Social Psychology)
  • Symbol Anything that stands for something else
    (Flag)
  • Symbolic Interaction
  • Interaction between people that takes place
    through symbols
  • Handshake
  • Military Salute
  • Japan Bowing when meeting someoneetc

11
In Class Assignment
  • Based on the information that you have learned in
    Chapter 1, write your own definition of Sociology
  • You should not just regurgitate what the book
    says. You should formulate a definition that has
    meaning to you
  • Use these questions to help formulate your
    definition
  • 1. How CAN/WILL you use Sociology in your
    everyday life?
  • 2. How does Sociology directly/indirectly affect
    your life?
  • Put your definition at the beginning of your
    notebook and leave it there for the remainder of
    the semester (Standard 1.10)
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