Probability of rental cycle program in the Philippines Focusing on the aspect of security

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Probability of rental cycle program in the
Philippines- Focusing on the aspect of security-
Inter-University Seminar on Transportation and
the Environment 2008

• 15,Dec.2008
• Daichi Mimura
• M.Eng. Tokyo institute of technology
• Affiliate student of NCTS, University of the
  Philippines Diliman

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Contents

• Necessity of modal change
• Merits of using bicycle
• Needed easy access to bicycles
• Problems against keeping on rental cycle projects
• Problems in adapting to the city of the
  Philippines
• Schedule for further research

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1.1 Pushing modal change is needed
1. Necessity of modal change
Popular trip process
HOME
Train Bus
destination
Jeep Tricycle
Jeep
Proposing trip process
HOME
Train Bus jeep
Short trip
destination
Short trip
Bicycle
Bicycle
Home-based trip this trips gradually increasing
Bicycle parking-based trips which rental cycle
offer not popular in the Philippines
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1.2 Characteristics in short trip
1. Necessity of modal change

• Travel characteristics in metro manila
• 32 of all the trips by jeepney and 23 of that
  by car are very short distance trips, less than
  2km.
• Short trips made by Jeepney and car should reduce
  as encouraging modal change to bicycle

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2.1 Why bike?...Merits
2. Merits in using bicycle

• Transport-related
• Can reduce traffic congestion and parking space
• Environment-related
• Can reduce Atmosphere pollution
• Health
• Increasing overall fitness level
• Lowing the risk of heart attacks
• Shedding excess weight
• Reducing stress
• Money-related
• Fuel-cost, parking-fees, repairing-cost,

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2.2 Saving times in the use of bicycles
2. Merits in using bicycle

• One of the attractive features in bicycles as a
  transportation in the city
• Using bicycle is the best way for saving times in
  short distance trips which less than 4km compare
  to other mode of transport.

Trip time is the shortest by trips of bicycle in
the trip less than 4km
walk 4.8km/h Bicycle preparing time
4min12km/h Bus and jeepney 10min11km/h (10min
including walk to bus station and waiting
time) Car preparing time 7min14km/h source
project team elaboration based on MMUTIS and
Feasibility Study Data
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3.1 Current state in the use of bicycles
3. Needed easy access to bicycle

• This surveys held in Marikina in 2007 to analyze
  how people using bicycles
• In the surveys, major purpose of the bicycle
  travel is home-based round trips that means
  recreational and shopping trips.
• Safety issues are identified as reasons why
  people do not use bicycles as a major mode of
  transport.
• From this surveys, to increase bicycle users two
  things is needed
• More easily access, not only home but everywhere
  in the city in low cost
• To prevent bicycles from being stolen
• Rental cycle has a potential

Source 2008 TSSP conference, ASSESSMENT OF MODAL
SHIFT AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE MARIKINA CITY BIKEWAYS
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3.2 Objectives of rental cycle program
3. Needed easy access to bicycle

• More easily access, not only home-based but
  everywhere-based in the city with low cost
• To prevent bicycles from being stolen
• To improve above I focus on a rental cycle
  program.
• Objectives
• To foster the use of bicycles in the city.
• To install safely securing bicycles to promote
  the use of bicycles in the city as an alternative
  cleaner form of transport.
• This is a mechanism to encourage both local
  residents and visitors to use bicycles as an
  alternative means of major transport.
• The establishment of a management system to run a
  rental bicycle scheme.
• To install safely securing bicycles is primary
  purpose of this thesis

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4.1 Characteristics of the projects in EU
4. Problems against keeping on rental cycle
projects

• Innovated rental cycle systems have started in EU
• Can be used for daily mobility as one-way use is
  possible
• Differ from traditional, mostly leisure-oriented
  bicycle rental services as they provide fast and
  easy access
• automated rental process via smart card or mobile
  phone
• Case in France
• Renting a bike is simple cyclists choose a bike
  and insert a pre-paid card or credit card in a
  terminal to unlock it from the station. When they
  are done, they lock it up at any station.
• If a bike is used for less than 30 minutes, the
  credit card will not be charged. Every half hour
  after that costs 1 euro (US1.33). Weekly rentals
  cost five Euros and yearly rentals just 29 Euros.

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4.2 Rent cycle program in UP
4. Problems against keeping on rental cycle
projects

• PEDYAK project
• Students can borrow MAMA CHARI paying
  500Php/semester. Students who borrow a bicycle
  can use bicycle during one semester. They can go
  everywhere inside UP.
• Numbers of bicycles 50 But now all of bicycles
  are rented.
• From this event,
• it is considered that the demands for rental use
  of the bicycles is too high.
• Problems
• If bicycle stolen, students must pay 4000Php.
  Its not possible to pay that amount for students
  whose bicycles were stolen.
• To keep on this project
• Primary problem is security of bicycles
• Its very important to take measures to cope with
  the thief

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5. Factors in preventing thief
5. How to prevent

• Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles
• contents
• Advertising
• Bicycle coloring
• Bicycle shape
• System of parking station
• Need to analyze below
• Which factors is more useful to thief
• The costs of each factors to implement
• Less cost and more effective factors should be
  estimated
• cost benefit analysis

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5.1 Factors in preventing thief
5. How to prevent

• Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles
• Advertising
• in EU
• advertising is working on as one of the effective
  ways for prevention of bicycles stolen.
• partnering up with advertising firms that will
  provide bikes equipped with anti-theft systems in
  return for city-wide advertising opportunities.
• Which ways is better?
• Paint or Attachment
• Wheel or Body

Photo UP rental cycle
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5.2 Factors in preventing thief
5. How to prevent

• Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles
• Bicycle coloring
• Issues needed to analyze in coloring effect
• Bicycle color is important factor to distinguish
  rental cycles from all other bicycles.
• To standardize the specify color is necessary to
  make program of rental cycle well-known
• Blue tend to make people relax
• Red tend to make people excited
• Unique color like PINK have a effect to prevent
• To determine the effects of color of bicycles
  should conduct survey

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5.3 Factors in preventing thief
5. How to prevent

• Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles
• Bicycle type
• Difference in stolen rate
• depending on the bicycle type?

Small wheel type Popular in the use of rental
cycles in EU
Mountain bike Popular bicycle in the Philippines
MAMA-CHARI Popular bicycle in Japan and used for
rental cycle in the UP
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5.4 Factors in preventing thief
5. How to prevent

• Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles
• System of parking station
• Automated rental process via smart card or mobile
  phone securing bicycles could install?
• Have to consider other type parking facility with
  locks
• Types of locks for bicycles
• Rental cycle in France are equipped with a lock
  and an alarm that will sound if the bike is not
  returned to a station.

?
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Future plan
6. Schedule for further research

• Now introduction stage

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• Thank you for your attention

Daichi Mimura (E-mail mimura.d.aa_at_m.titech.ac.jp)
Yai Laboratory Department of Built
EnvironmentTokyo Institute of Technology (HP
http//www.plan.cv.titech.ac.jp/yailab/index_e.htm
l)
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(No Transcript)
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4.1 The NICHES project
4. Problems keeping on rental cycle projects
example of EU

• Promoting the most promising new urban transport
  concepts, initiatives and projects to help moving
  them from their current niche position to
  mainstream
• Public bicycles examined as one of 12 innovative
  concepts

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3.2 Necessary condition
3. Needed easy access to bicycle

• To prevent bicycles from being stolen
• More easily access not only home but everywhere
  in the city in low cost
• To solve above problem I focus on a rental cycle
  program.
• Now, many cities are giving it a go again by
  partnering up with advertising firms that will
  provide bikes equipped with anti-theft systems in
  return for city-wide advertising opportunities.
• In an effort to prevent thefts crippling the
  network, Velib' bikes will be equipped with a
  lock and an alarm that will sound if the bike is
  not returned to a station. There will also be a
  security deposit that riders will lose if their
  bike vanishes.

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5.1 Marikina project
5. Problems in adapting to the city of Marikina

• The city of Marikina
• 2,150 hectares
• total population 479,394
• 52km of cycle lane
• Marikinas Case
• The bikeways network offers a direct and safe
  connection from residential areas to major
  transport terminals, markets, schools, employment
  centers, commercial and industrial
  establishments.

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Marikina bike ways
5. Problems in adapting to the city of Marikina
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Necessary components for rental cycle program

• Since 2006, there has been a real boom of public
  bicycle systems in some parts of Europe.
  Particularly in France and Spain it seems that
  nearly every larger city wants offer such a
  service. These countries do not have a pronounced
  bicycle culture yet, but there is much discussion
  about the
• important role that the bicycle could play in
  urban transport as a new form of individualized
  public transport. In Spain, the concept is even
  promoted on the national level.
• Public bicycle schemes have the potential to
  achieve a change towards a more sustainable multi
  modal travel behavior (the right mode for the
  right trip), if properly implemented. They can
  be part of the bigger puzzle of an integrated
  urban transport strategy, which enables cities to
  reduce motorized
• traffic and its environmental impact.

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1.1 Serious air pollution
1. Necessity of modal change

• Air pollution level
• In the Shoe Avenue station
• The levels of TSP concentration before, during
  and after the Carless Day were fairly better than
  the air quality standard of 230ug/Ncm.
• Significant gap was observed on the Carless Day
  itself, 3-times lower in TSP concentration than
  regular days.
• In the Bayan-Bayanan station
• Recorded high concentration of TSP even on
  Carless Day. The three-day monitoring revealed
  very unhealthy level of TSP concentration
• Moreover Carless Day has insignificant effect on
  the air quality situation of the Bayan-Bayanan
  area.

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Structure of my thesis (plan)

• 1st how to encourage people to use bicycle
  especially focusing modal change from jeep to
  bicycle
• How to use bicycle?
• About bicycle user?
• How could we push people to ride bicycle?
• 3 main theme
• How to let them know about usefulness in using
  bicycle
• Parking facility
• Safety
• 2nd cycling demand forecasting and estimate how
  much atmosphere pollution could reduce
• 3rd how much traffic congestion could reduce
  due to modal change

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Intro. Why bike
Costs and benefits items should be evaluated in
pushing bicycle use
Source Mrikina city bikeways planning and design
guidebook published in 2007.
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intro. Marikina project

• The Marikina project followed three major
  components
• Component 1 Allocation and delineation of
  bikeways in suitable existing roads
• Delineation and marking of bikeways in existing
  roads
• Upgrading of road condition through repairs and
  scarifying of road pavement surface for the
  laying of top asphalt (asphalt topping) in the
  designated bikeways
• Putting up signage, markers and lane barriers in
  critical areas to protect bikers
• Identification of suitable roads for widening to
  accommodate bikeways
• Widening of roads through construction (land
  grading, compaction and laying out of concrete
  pavement and drainage improvement)

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intro. Marikina project

• Component 2 Identification and construction of
  parking facilities for bicycles
• Identification of suitable parking spaces
• Negotiation with landowners (if not public lands)
  to provide small parking area for bicycle (e.g.,
  in existing parking lots of malls, groceries,
  open space, etc.). An ordinance may be passed by
  the City of Marikina requiring commercial,
  industrial and institutional (e.g., schools)
  establishments to allot parking space for
  bicycles
• Putting up bicycle racks and parking sheds

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intro. Marikina project

• Component 3 Upgrading of existing riverside bike
  lanes and their extension through construction of
  new bike lanes to cover the entire stretch of
  both riversides
• Rehabilitation of destroyed segments of existing
  jogging/bike lanes (i.e. destroyed by flooding
  and typhoons) through laying out of new pavement
  and rip rapping of riverbanks frequently eroded
• Construction of new bike lanes through land
  grading, concreting, drainage improvement and
  bank stabilization through engineering means
• Construction of hazard protection barriers (chain
  links, fence) in critical stretches (i.e. narrow
  river easement)
• Planting of shade trees in riverside

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1. How to use bicycle?

• What situation should I consider?
• How long distance people may ride bicycle? And
  For what purpose?
• Have a plan to investigate the actual situation
  that how to use bicycle for people? For example
  how often people use a bicycle in a week
• Its necessary to get above data.

Mall? Sarisari? Station of rail? Jeep station?
Home
How long distance? How many times in a week?
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1. How to use bicycle? In case of Marikina

• almost bicycle parking are vacant on the train
  station.
• Using rate of parking facility?
• To bike to ride a train is not popular?
• 10,500 daily trips were made by bicycle in
  Marikina city (MMUTIS, 1998)
• A large amount compared to the rest of the
  Metropolitan Manila (160,200 bicycle trips daily)
• Many bikers who are boys to aged people are seen
  on the way
• I felt that using bicycle got establishment as
  short trip transport.

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1. How to use bicycle? In case of Marikina

• Vehicle registration in Marikina
• Most increasing registered vehicles between the
  years 2000 and 2007 is that of the motorcycles.
  This increase has well translated to the
  registered of tricycles, a three-wheeled public
  transport.

Source Land Transportation Office
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1. How to use bicycle? In case of Marikina

• Non-motorized transport share in Marikina
• the share of NMT traffic increases compared to
  motorized traffic from 2002. From 2002 until
  2006, the MBO was to implement of the bikeways
  project with education and information campaigns
  supporting the rapid construction of the bikeways
  system in the city.

Source Marikina Bike Office
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2. About bicycle user?

• Which class of income can buy bicycle?
• Ownership rate of bicycle?
• Detail data of family income ..and if available,
  an individual income data by age, sex,
• Generally how much to buy a bicycle?

Source National Statistics Office
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2. About bicycle user?

• Figure shows the family income in the
  Philippines.
• 70 of the families live a life with under
  10,000Php in a month. Those people could not buy
  a bicycle without support for purchase of
  bicycles.
• So its necessary to make a support program for
  people who wants to use bicycle. And who are
  targets of bicycle user?

Source National Statistics Office
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2. About bicycle user? In case of Marikina

• In Marikina city
• What is the bicycle owning rate?
• Bicycle store
• Many bicycle stores in Marikina
• Bicycles are available from 2000Php
• Owing rate
• Marikinas recent Bicycle Ownership Survey showed
  that 55 of families in Marikina owned or has
  access to a bicycle, 22 of which is used for
  bike-to-work purposes.
• Although the percentage of modal shift from
  motorized transport to non-motorized mode in
  Marikina is yet not to be known.

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3. How could we push people to ride bicycle?

• 3 main theme
• How to let them know about usefulness in using
  bicycle.
• Many programs are suggested to promote using
  bicycle in the book, which is Mrikina city
  bikeways planning and design guidebook which
  published in 2007. but this way is just
  suggestion.
• Safety
• For thief
• Parking facilities are enough?
• Lights on side on the road
• Condition on the road
• Conflict to vehicle
• Cross section
• Parking facility
• How many parking facility are there in Marikina?
  and future plan?
• How do you inform people where parking facilities
  are?

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3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and
design guidebook

• Should be more concretely
• The way
• Active campaign
• people actually speak to the audience
• Passive campaign
• non-vocal way
• ex flyers, brochures, other published materials
• the campaign to be effective
• Needs deferent campaign depend on targets
• The end user
• Higher government bodies
• Other LGUs

• The way how to do is written in Mrikina city
  bikeways planning and design guidebook which
  published in 2007. but this way is just
  suggestion.
• Informing campaigns
• Information should be shared are below
• Benefits of bicycling
• Description of bicycle network
• Features of bicycle facilities
• Various tips on how to select, operate and
  maintain a bicycle
• Location of bicycle parking facilities

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3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and
design guidebook

• Bicycle education programs
• The intended objective is to make an audience
  learn
• Most important program through bicycle program
• Include 3 components
• Basic bicycle operations
• Rules of the road
• Repairs and maintenance
• Proposed to conduct a survey to participants in
  this guidebook

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3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and
design guidebook

• Bicycle promotion programs
• The main objective is to encourage the more
  frequency use of bicycle
• EX
• Bicycle purchase program
• - people can purchase bicycle using installments
  at 0 interest
• A workplace incentive program
• - workers who bike to work can be given some
  incentives
• Tax incentive program
• - companies who provide their own parking
  facilities can get incentive
• A car-less day

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3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and
design guidebook

• Advocacy and awareness campaign
• The objective is to bring to light a specific
  issue related to bicycling
• Previous types of bicycle program can be
  organized under advocacy campaign
• topics
• Health and sickness
• Pollution / environmental degradation
• Fuel shortage
• Quality of life
• Security and convenience of of the bicyclists
• Traffic safety

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3.1 Promotions in case of Marikina

• Actually some projects are conducted in Marikina
  city.
• Bicycle loan project
• Car less day
• Bicycle loan project
• The city government also administered a Bicycle
  Loan Project that gives city employees and
  students an opportunity to own a bike through an
  interest-free bike loan payable within 6 to 12
  months. the city government handed over 150
  mountain bikes to its Bantay Bayan volunteers.
• several NMT ordinances have already been
  implemented to support the sustainable existence
  of the bikeways.

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3.2 safety

• For thief
• Parking facilities
• We are afraid that our bicycle are stolen by
  thief while we park a bicycle.
• So its important to put safety parking
  facilities for bicycle.
• Lights on the sides on the road
• Also we are afraid of a robber. Light have
  prevention effect.
• Condition on the road
• Conflict to vehicle and traffic accidents
• Need data of traffic accidents between vehicle
  and bicycles.

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3.3 Parking facility

• many parking facilities are built in Marikina
• But used rate is low
• the city government has opened a bike way
  connection between the established city network
  to the new Light Rail Transit station in
  Santolan, complete with bike parking facilities,
  making it possible for people to conveniently use
  the mass transit through biking from their homes.
  But I felt these facilities are not working well.