Landscape species and threat distributions in the core area of the Western Forest Complex, Thailand.

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Landscape species and threat distributions in the
core area of the Western Forest Complex, Thailand.
SCGIS and ESRI International Conference. San
Diego, CA. 2007

• SITTHICHAI JINAMOY

Wildlife Conservation Society Thailand
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Protected area system in Thailand
National parks Wildlife Sanctuaries
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• Laws
• National Park Act
• Wildlife Preservation Act

gt 40 Yrs
Logging banned
18 Yrs
Agency in charge Department of National Park,
Wildlife, Plant Conservation
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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People still need more lands resources
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Community work alone does not necessary mean
better conservation
MEETING MEETING
INTERVIEW INTERVIEW
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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More poaching whenever the protection becomes weak
HKK 31 May 2006
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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LARGE MAMMALS THE END OF EVOLUTION
Chronic problems Fragmentation Poaching
Data from Large Mammal Distribution Mapping
Project Wildlife Research Division Department of
National Park, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation.
Wildlife Sanctuary
National Park
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Wildlife Sanctuary
National Park
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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The living landscapes Program is dedicated to
develop wildlife-based strategies for the
conservation of large, wild ecosystems that are
integrated in wider landscape of human influence
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5 criteria for selecting landscape species
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MAIN HABITAT TYPES

• Hill evergreen forest
• Dry evergreen forest
• Mixed deciduous and bamboo forest
• Dry dipterocarp forest
• Savanna
• Riparian

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Landscape species for HKK-TY
Cover all habitat types threats
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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MAJOR THREATS TO HKK-TY

• Local poaching main targets are tiger prey such
  as gaurs, bantengs,
• sambars, wild pigs, muntjacs.
• Habitat conversion to agriculture caused by
  villages living inside
• the area and along the bufferzone.
• Disturbance due to presence of Non-timber forest
  product collectors
• during the mushroom season thousand people
  searching for
• mushrooms.
• Local fishing Overfishing in some streams and
  by-catches can
• threaten species such as otters.
• Disturbance due to increase traffic on roads and
  tourist sites.
• Competition and diseases to wild ungulates
  from domestic cattles.
• Pollutions from mining sites near the area.
• Large development project proposals such as
  highways,
• hydro-power dams.

Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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(No Transcript)
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CONCEPTUAL MODEL
GOAL Conserve wildlife and their habitat in the
world heritage site
Conservation Objective Maintain wildlife
Direct Threat Habitat loss
Indirect Threat Ineffective law enforcement
Intervention Systematic patrol
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Indirect Threat Ineffective law enforcement
Intervention Systematic patrol
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Design Database Support
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Patrol routes by management zone (Jan Dec 2006)
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Threat types and distributions
Mostly occur within 5 km from the boundary
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Percent Threats (Jan-Dec 2006)
Agar
-
wood
2

Poaching
Camp
39

41

Illegal logging
Others
5

8

NTFPs
5

Number of Threats
145
160
137
140
120
Agar-wood
100
Camp
Illegal logging
80
NTFPs
60
Others
Poaching
28
40
19
16
8
20
occurrence 353
0
Agar-wood
Camp
Illegal logging
NTFPs
Others
Poaching
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Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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How do we measure threats?
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Analyze Threat Distribution
7 themes
Stream DEM Village Ranger Road Slope Salt lick
Weight score into 3 levels
Convert to grid standardize
GPS Points of Threat (Poaching) (Illegal
logging) (NTFP collection) (Camps) (Agar-wood) (Ot
hers)
7 Threat Risk Factors (TRF)
Assume radius 3 km. from threat occurrences
Threat density (D)
Ranging Risk Score into 3 levels
High 10 Medium 5 Low 1
Intersect (I)
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Weight Score Method
Threat Distribution
Threat Risk Level (color) 1 Low (green) 5
Medium (blue) 10 High (red)
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Analyze Threat Distribution
Test Coincided Value CV
Average sum of the 7 TRFs (ATRF)
Compare with
Weight new risk scores
Select Factors having CV higher than ATRF
High 6 Medium 4 Low 1
Merge
Statistical Test for accuracy
Correlation

-
Threat Risk Factor Index (TRFI)
Unacceptable !!!!
Distribution Model of Threat Intensity
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Threat Risk Factor (TRF)
Coincided Value (CV)
Factor CV
Village (1) 20.172
Slat lick (2) 16.780
Slope (3) 15.114
Road (4) 15.082
DEM 13.572
Stream 12.787
Ranger 4.250
SUM 97.757
Average 13.965
Map Threat Intensity Threat Risk Level 1 Low 2
Medium 3 High
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Data Analysis Wildlife Habitat Suitability
Stream DEM Village Ranger Road Forest
Points based on elevation class
1
Logistic Regression
MODELS
Merge
GPS Points of Animals
6 Themes
0
Grid Analysis
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Habitat Suitability Index (HSI)

Habitat Suitability Level 1 Unlikely 2 Less
likely 3 Moderate likely 4 More likely 5
Most likely
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand


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Correlation
From these 2 maps, if we can control threat
distribution especially in the red zone, gaur may
return to utilize this area increasingly.
NEED !!!!!! Long term monitoring system
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On-going WORK
Long-term monitoring system
World Heritage Site HKK, TY(e), TY(w)
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Discussing the data with local communities and
NGOs for resolutions
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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DECISION SUPPORTING SYSTEM
On site Data analysis Management guidance
Social economic Environment monitoring
Landscape analysis
Database/GIS
Statistic Summary Monthly/Annual Report
Develop
Report
Decision making
Sitthichai Jinamoy (WCS) Thailand
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Acknowledgements
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Contact Detail
http//web.utk.edu/vchimcho/hornbill/index.html
Mr. Sitthichai JINAMOY GIS Technique
Manager Wildlife Conservation Society
Thailand E-mail sitthichai2004_at_yahoo.com
www.wcsthailand.org
Thanks to