RF radio spectrometer on board COMPASS satellite and ground-based LOIS radar facility as a challenging diagnostic of space plasma

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RF radio spectrometer on board COMPASS
satellite and ground-based LOIS radar facility as
a challenging diagnostic of space plasma
H. Rothkaehl1 B. Thide2,Bergman2, Z. Klos
1 1. Space Research Center, PAS Bartycka 18 A
01-716 Warsaw, Poland, 2. Swedish Institute of
Space Physics, P.O. Box 537, SE-752 21
UppsalaSweden
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• The magnetised plasma of solar-terrestrial
  environment is non-linear medium in which
  different type of turbulence and instabilities
  can be produced by a source of free energy in the
  form of natural and antropogenic perturbation.
  To understand the property of solar terrestrial
  environment and to develop a quantitative model
  of the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere
  subsystem, which is strongly coupled via the
  electric field, particle precipitation, heat
  flows and small scale interaction, it is
  necessary to design and build new generation
  multipoint and different type sensor diagnostics.
• Ground based multi frequency and multi
  polarization LOIS clusters antennas and multi
  point space born plasma diagnostics should be
  helpful in achieving to solve problems of space
  physics and described long term environmental
  changes. The new design radio spectrometer on
  board COMPASS satellite was designed to
  investigate the still largely unknown mechanisms
  which govern these turbulent interactions natural
  and man-made origin. Future simultaneously
  investigation and monitoring of Earth environment
  by the LOIS facility will be coordinated with
  space borne low orbiting experiment.
• The aim of this presentation is to show the
  general architecture of COMPASS and LOIS
  experiment and its scientific challenges. The
  real-time access to gathered data will create the
  possibility to improve quality of service of
  traditional ionospheric as well as
  trans-ionospheric systems. It will be emphasize
  the description of electromagnetic property of
  near Earth environments in HF range as well.

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COMPASS 2
The microsatellite COMPASS, weighting 85
kg, is planned to launch to the circular orbit
with height 400 km and inclination 79 degrees
for development of the methods of monitoring and
forecasting of natural disasters on the base of
coordinated monitoring at the Earth and from
space the pre-earthquake phenomena.
January February 2006
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COMPASS 2
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The investigations should focus on the following
main topics ?understand the consequence of human
activity in the nearest space and describe
tendency of global changes in the
ionosphere-magnetosphere system, ?diagnosed the
turbunecle in ionospheric plasma ? select the
artificial and natural noises detected in the
ionosphere, ? study the interaction between the
satellite body and surrounding plasma,
RFA in situ diagnose
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Digital radio receiver block diagram RFA COMPASS
2
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By providing a software configurable sensor
andemitter infrastructure distributed in
southernSweden with Växjö as hub, LOIS will
enhancethe atmospheric and space physics
capabilitiesof the huge, new-generation digital
radio telescope LOFAR (Low Frequency Array),
currently being built in the Netherlands. LOIS is
a large radio telescope array that will operate
in the 10-240 MHz frequency range. Its 13,000
dipole antennas will be clustered in roughly100
stations spread over a region 400 km across.
Test station operated in Vaxjo
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• The LOISproject concerns the generation,
  transport, management and processing of sensor
  data at extremely high rates (many Terabits/s)
  over large regions (thousands of kilometres).
  LOIS will apply novel three-dimensional radio
  techniques originally developed in quantum
  optics, which require excellent sensor timing
  (picoseconds) and positioning (centimetres). The
  optimum sensor infrastructure hardware and
  software for space and Earth observations will be
  sought.

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SPACE WEATHER APPLIKATIONSSOLAR RADAR

• The level of electromagnetic emission detected at
  the ionospheric altitude depends on the sun
  activities and on the property of near Earth
  plasma environment as well.
• On the other the Earth ionosphere undergoes
  various man-made influences. The most important
  power sources are broadcasting transmitters,
  power stations, power lines and heavy industry.
  Electromagnetic waves permanently pumped to the
  ionosphere by the system of broadcasting stations
  can disturb the nearest space environment.
• The observed broadband emissions in the topside
  ionosphere are a superposition of natural plasma
  emissions and man-made noises. The controlled
  injection of powerful HF radio waves from
  purpose-built groundbased radio facilities into
  the ionospheric plasma has constituted an
  excellent tool to study systematically the
  near-Earth space environment and its responses to
  external and internal influences as well as the
  physical principles that underpin the processes
  in question. In this context correlated LOIS
  ground-based heating and overhead satellite
  COMPAS 2 measurements are still needed for better
  understanding of these processes.

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The global distribution of mean value of the
electromagnetic emission in the ionosphere in the
frequency range 0.1-15 MHz from March to June
1994, recorded by SORS-1 instrument on board the
Coronas_I satellite. The characteristic increase
of emission over Euroasia is visible. The
resolution is 5x5 deg the units are DB/µV
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Frozen HF emissions
Turbulence near plasmopause
HF radio emission at frequencies larger than the
local upper hybrid limit. This broad band
emission is mainly detected very close to the
plasmapause, inside the plasmasphere but also
exists inside the trough up to the auroral
oval. Low frequency radiation excited by the
wave-particle interaction in the equatorial
plasmapause, moves to the ionosphere along the
geomagnetic field line. At the ionosphere the
subthermal electron can interact with those
electrostatic waves and excite electron acoustic
waves or the HF longitudinal plasma waves.
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HF diagnostic
Earthquake
22 40 52 UT
171-170 long, -17 lat
-180 long, -22 lat
Global distribution of HF emission in the
ionosphere in the frequency range 0.1-2. MHz.
The spectral intensity was integrated at various
times of day and night 30.03.1994 during quiet
condition and recorded by SORS-1 instrument on
board the Coronas-I satellite. The resolution is
5x5 deg the units are DB/µV. The epicentre of
the earthquake is marked by the blue arrow as the
position of maximum HF wave activity by the green
arrow.
150 E, 26 S
20.00
50.00
19.00
18.00
17.00
16.00
0.00
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.00
-50.00
11.00
10.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
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LOIS/LOFAR can help with

• Study the cosmos from Earth in the hitherto
  unexplored lowest frequency band (the long
  wavelength limit)
• Intercept and analyse radio signals, emitted
  shortly after the Big Bang from the original
  hydrogen atoms in order to test theories about
  the birth of the universe
• Study the solar atmosphere in order to be able
  to give better forecasts of solar particle storms
  which may damage technical and biological systems
• Study the electrosmog from radio, TV, and
  radar transmitters and its infl uence on the
  Earths near-space environment
• Correct satellite navigation errors caused by
  plasma perturbations in the Earths ionosphere
• Study the interaction of ultra-fast cosmic
  particles and the atmosphere, and the
  ionisationand electromagnetic radiation caused by
  it

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LOIS/LOFAR can help with

• Exploit the full information contained in the
  electromagnetic vector field of radio waves, in
  order to make optimal use of the radio spectrum
  in research and wireless communications
• Study communication concepts combining
  ground-based radio technologies, satellite
  communications and fast fibre networks in a
  realistic, large-scale environment
• Use CosmosNatures own radio laboratoryto
  search for new properties of electromagnetic
  radiation
• Effectively collect, distribute and analyse
  gigantic amounts of data in real time within the
  new computer network concept GRID