Integrated Pest Management: Keeping the

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(No Transcript)
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Integrated Pest Management Keeping the I in
IPM J. P. Cuda, Ph.D.Entomology Nematology
DepartmentGainesville, FL 32611-0620
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Instructor Dr. Jim Cuda, Asst. Professor
phone [phone] ext 126)email
(jcuda_at_gnv.ifas.ufl.edu)Responsibilities
(Research 65) Biological Control of Invasive
Weeds (Extension 30) Biocontrol of Insect Pests
Weeds
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Agenda

• Distribute Surveys
• Background for New IPM Initiative
• Principles and Practices of IPM

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Surveys

• MG Pest Management Practices
• IFAS Accountability Survey

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Why Are We Here ?

• Homeowner reliance on pesticides is high and
  unsustainable
• , Safety Issues, CWA, FQPA
• Sarasota Co.- 26,000 lbs of pesticides collected
  in 1996 Amnesty Program
• Federal mandate for viable pesticide alternatives
• EPA prohibition of diazinon dursban
• Willingness of home gardeners to experiment

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What is IPM ?

• Applied pest control that combines and integrates
  biological and chemical control (Stern et al.
  1959)
• Manipulation of natural processes to increase
  their effectiveness use pesticides only when
  natural processes fail to control pests
• (National academy of Sciences, 1996)

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Goal of IPM ?

• Avoid or prevent pest damage with minimum adverse
  effects on human health, non-target organisms and
  the environment
• Emphasis on and integration of sustainable IPM
  tactics
• Prevention, biological, cultural, mechanical
  controls, and reduced risk pesticides

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Current Situation

• Limited adoption of basic IPM principles
• Manipulate natural processes to increase
  effectiveness
• Emphasis on ecologically- based tools instead of
  pesticides
• Integration of compatible tactics
• TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FAILURE !!!

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Problem Identification

• Increase funding for interdisciplinary research
  and extension programs (IPM-SR, SARE grant
  programs)
• Need for trained IPM practitioners
• (UF DPM program)
• Improve public education about IPM and its
  benefits

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What is Immediate Solution?

• Establishment of IFAS Office of IPM and Advisory
  Committee
• Dr. Norman C. Leppla, Coordinator
• Identify IPM and biocontrol (BC) expertise in
  IFAS, DACS, and USDA
• Inventory IPM successes in Florida
• Increase visibility and delivery of IPM concepts
  and practices in county extension programs

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Delivery of IPM Information and Technology
Emphasizing Biological Control J. P. Cuda and
N. C. LepplaEntomology Nematology Dept.
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Definitions

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Biologically-based pest control system
• Combinations of control tactics to conserve
  natural enemies

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Definitions

• Biological Control, Biocontrol (BC)
• Suppression of harmful organisms with natural
  enemies
• Foundation of IPM programs

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Goal

• Develop State Major Program in IPM emphasizing BC
• Establish a Design Team to assist in planning,
  implementing and evaluating SMP activities

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Rationale for New SMP in IPM

• County priorities
• Florida FIRST imperatives
• Illusion of IPM (Ehler Bottrell 2000)

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County Priorities (1999)

• Increased demand for training and educational
  materials in IPM / BC
• Priority program areas
• Agriculture, Horticulture, Natural Resources

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Florida FIRST Imperatives

• Water Quality Management
• Pest Protection
• Food Technologies
• Produce Society-Ready Graduates

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Illusion of IPM

• Limited implementation of true IPM
• National commitment (1993) 75 by year 2000
• Currently lt 8 of U.S. crop acreage
• Reliance on pesticides
• Minimal integration of compatible tactics

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Summit 2000

• Gainesville, 16 August
• UF (state / county faculty) USDA
• Agronomy, Entomology, Horticulture, Nematology,
  Natural Resources, Plant Pathology
• Commitments from FAMU, FLDEP and FLWMDs
• Design Team Leaders selected
• Norm Leppla, Jim Cuda and Gary Brinen

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Accomplishments

• Tentative Title for New SMP
• Delivery of IPM and Biological Control
  Information and Technology
• LIST- SERV and website developed
• http//biocontrol.ifas.ufl.edu
• Grant proposal submitted to SARE
• Funding to support graduate student and
  distance education fees

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Mission Statement

• Provide leadership in developing educational
  materials and in-service training programs to
  support implementation of IPM emphasizing BC at
  local level

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Design Team Functions

• Build effective network of county, state and
  federal faculty committed to IPM emphasizing BC
• Assist cooperating counties in identifying and
  developing demonstration projects

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Design Team Functions (contd)

• Facilitate acquisition and dissemination of
  information via IPM / BC web site
• Develop / coordinate in-service training and
  distance education programs on the proper use of
  natural controls

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Design Team Functions (contd)

• Increase public awareness of BC and IPM by
  facilitating the documentation of IPM successes
  in appropriate media outlets

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Achievable Goals

• New partnerships
• Extension Delivery System
• Accountability

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New Partnerships

• Establish new IPM / BC partnerships
• Coordinate efforts of BC scientists and county
  faculty
• Link with private industry to develop practical
  BC agents and pesticide compatibility data

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Extension Delivery System

• Develop Florida IPM / BC website
• Compartmentalized areas
• Teaching, Homeowners, Commercial, Issues
• Commodities Citrus, Ornamentals, Natural Areas,
  Turf, Vegetables, and Structural
• Links to EDIS, DDIS, FAWN

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Extension Delivery System (contd)

• Increase training and implementation of IPM / BC
  at local level
• New BC Facilities in Ft. Pierce and Davie
• Training centers for BC agent biology, rearing
  and implementation
• Establish maintain demonstration projects
• Develop disseminate training materials

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Accountability

• Evaluation of SMP success
• Short term-
• Informal / formal assessments
• Monitor pesticide reduction at high use
  demonstration sites

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Accountability (contd)

• Evaluation of SMP success (contd)
• Long term-
• Incorporate IPM options into PM guides
• Increase for IPM research education
• Link IFAS, IPM program with Florida FIRST
• Advance IPM and BC in Florida
• General acceptance of IPM / BC

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Break Time
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Principles of IPM

• Avoid or prevent pest damage with minimum adverse
  effects on human health, the environment, and
  non-targets
• Integrate most effective, compatible, and
  sustainable pest management tactics
• Begin with Prevention Biocontrols and
  extend to Chemical Physical controls in
  ways that minimize environmental risks
  (Leppla 2001)

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Components of IPM

• Scouting
• Process of finding suspected pest and identifying
  it
• Use diagnostic labs /or local resources (DDIS)
  to distinguish pests from beneficials
• Maintaining records of pest occurrence
• Establishing thresholds for plant damage
• Determining if pest population is high enough to
  justify managing it
• Using multiple tactics to manage pests
• Prevention, biological, autocidal, cultural,
  chemical, and physical
• Timing pest control measures to coincide with
  most susceptible developmental stage

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Pest or Beneficial ?
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TACTICS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
BIOLOGICAL
CULTURAL
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
PREVENTION
IMPORTATION
AUGMENTATION
CONSERVATION
INORGANIC
ORGANIC
NATURAL
SYNTHESIZED
NATURAL
SYNTHESIZED
Relative Degree of Sustainability
PERMANENT
TEMPORARY
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What are Thresholds?

• Number of pests level of damage beyond which
  treatment should be taken

Pest
EIL
Natural Enemy
NUMBER
TIME
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Economic Injury Level (EIL)

• Pest population exceeds some threshold beyond
  which it interferes with plant health, appearance
  or profits

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Aesthetic Threshold (AT)

• Point at which thought or sight of pest
  population is nearing maximum human tolerance
  level

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Why Use Thresholds?

• Using thresholds can maintain or improve plant
  quality while reducing the amount and frequency
  of conventional pesticides

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IPM Checklist (v)

• Prevention
• Select healthy plants suited to habitat
• - Right plant, right place, right time
• Inspect /or quarantine nursery stock
• Biological control Natural enemies
• Predator- consumes more than one prey item during
  its development (e.g., Lady beetle)
• Parasitoid- lives in / on body of one host
  eventually killing it (e.g., Parasitic fly or
  wasp)
• Entomopathogen- disease causing organism
• (e.g., Nematode, bacterium, fungus, protozoan,
  virus)

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Kinds of Natural Enemies
DPI
DPI
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IPM Checklist (v)

• Biological Control for Homeowners
• Conservation- Maintain and enhance existing
  beneficial organisms
• Alter control practices (e.g., timing of
  pesticides)
• Provide nectar sources, additional hosts
• Provide companion plants to attract and maintain
  beneficial organisms
• Augmentation- Increasing numbers kinds of
  beneficials
• Inoculative- Acquire and release small numbers
  early in pest cycle
• Inundative- Acquire and release large numbers to
  overwhelm pest

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http//www.anbp.org
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IPM Checklist (v)

• Cultural Control
• Eliminate plant species that attract pests
• Use pest resistant varieties
• Remove and destroy heavily infested plants
• Physical Control
• Using yellow sticky cards to monitor and/or trap
  insects
• Use of screens, covers, barriers, and handpicking
  some insects

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IPM Checklist (v)

• Chemical Control
• Use selective (reduced risk) pesticides to
  preserve beneficials
• Use microbial insecticides, e.g., Bts
• Adjust application rates to protect beneficials
• Spot treat areas when pests reach treatment
  threshold
• Alternate pesticides to reduce resistance

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http//www.koppert.nl
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Benefits of IPM

• Reduced amount of pesticides needed to achieve
  control
• Reduced environmental contamination from
  pesticides
• Reduced risks of exposure to people, pets, and
  natural enemies
• More economical
• More effective long-term pest control

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Message

• IFAS is putting FLORIDA FIRST in IPM of plant
  pests and weeds
• http // floridafirst.ufl.edu